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=== Audio electronics === See also dB{{sub| V}} and dB{{sub| u}} above. ; [[dBm|dB{{sub| m}}]] : dB(mW) – power relative to 1 [[milliwatt]]. In audio and telephony, dB{{sub| m}} is typically referenced relative to a 600 Ω impedance,<ref>{{cite book|last=Bigelow |first=Stephen |year=2001 |title=Understanding Telephone Electronics |publisher=Newnes Press |place=Boston, MA |isbn=978-0750671750 |page=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780750671750/page/16 16] |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780750671750/page/16 }}</ref> which corresponds to a voltage level of 0.775 volts or 775 millivolts. ; [[dBm0|dB{{sub| m0}}]] : Power in dB{{sub| m}} (described above) measured at a [[zero transmission level point]]. ; [[dBFS|dB{{sub| FS}}]] : dB([[full scale]]) – the amplitude of a signal compared with the maximum which a device can handle before [[Clipping (signal processing)|clipping]] occurs. Full-scale may be defined as the power level of a full-scale [[Sine wave|sinusoid]] or alternatively a full-scale [[Square wave (waveform)|square wave]]. A signal measured with reference to a full-scale sine-wave appears 3 dB weaker when referenced to a full-scale square wave, thus: 0 dBFS(fullscale sine wave) = −3 dB{{sub| FS}} (fullscale square wave). ; dB{{sub| VU}} : dB [[volume unit]]<ref>{{cite journal |last=Thar |first=D. |year=1998 |title=Case Studies: Transient sounds through communication headsets |journal=Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene |volume=13 |issue=10 |pages=691–697 |doi=10.1080/1047322X.1998.10390142 }}</ref> ; dB{{sub| TP}} : dB(true peak) – [[peak amplitude]] of a signal compared with the maximum which a device can handle before clipping occurs.<ref>[[ITU-R BS.1770]]</ref> In digital systems, 0 dB{{sub| TP}} would equal the highest level (number) the processor is capable of representing. Measured values are always negative or zero, since they are less than or equal to full-scale.
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