Editing Cognitive behavioral therapy (section)

===Other uses===
Evidence suggests a possible role for CBT in the treatment of [[attention deficit hyperactivity disorder]] (ADHD),<ref name="KnouseLE">{{cite journal | vauthors = Knouse LE, Safren SA | title = Current status of cognitive behavioral therapy for adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder | journal = The Psychiatric Clinics of North America | volume = 33 | issue = 3 | pages = 497–509 | date = September 2010 | pmid = 20599129 | pmc = 2909688 | doi = 10.1016/j.psc.2010.04.001 }}</ref> [[hypochondriasis]],<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Thomson AB, Page LA | title = Psychotherapies for hypochondriasis | journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | issue = 4 | pages = CD006520 | date = October 2007 | volume = 2007 | pmid = 17943915 | pmc = 6956615 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD006520.pub2 | veditors = Thomson A }}</ref> and bipolar disorder,<ref name="daCostaRT" /> but more study is needed and results should be interpreted with caution. Moderate evidence from a 2024 systematic review supports the effectiveness of CBT and neurofeedback as part of [[psychosocial]] interventions for improving ADHD symptoms in children and adolescents.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Peterson |first1=Bradley S. |last2=Trampush |first2=Joey |last3=Maglione |first3=Margaret |last4=Bolshakova |first4=Maria |last5=Rozelle |first5=Mary |last6=Miles |first6=Jeremy |last7=Pakdaman |first7=Sheila |last8=Brown |first8=Morah |last9=Yagyu |first9=Sachi |last10=Motala |first10=Aneesa |last11=Hempel |first11=Susanne |date=2024-04-01 |title=Treatments for ADHD in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review |url=https://publications.aap.org/pediatrics/article/153/4/e2024065787/196922/Treatments-for-ADHD-in-Children-and-Adolescents-A |journal=Pediatrics |language=en |volume=153 |issue=4 |doi=10.1542/peds.2024-065787 |pmid=38523592 |issn=0031-4005}}</ref>

CBT has been studied as an aid in the treatment of anxiety associated with [[stuttering]]. Initial studies have shown CBT to be effective in reducing social anxiety in adults who stutter,<ref name="pmid21705407">{{cite journal | vauthors = O'Brian S, Onslow M | title = Clinical management of stuttering in children and adults | journal = BMJ | volume = 342 | pages = d3742 | date = June 2011 | pmid = 21705407 | doi = 10.1136/bmj.d3742 | s2cid = 26821286 }}</ref> but not in reducing stuttering frequency.<ref name="pmid21478283">{{cite journal | vauthors = Iverach L, Menzies RG, O'Brian S, Packman A, Onslow M | title = Anxiety and stuttering: continuing to explore a complex relationship | journal = American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology | volume = 20 | issue = 3 | pages = 221–232 | date = August 2011 | pmid = 21478283 | doi = 10.1044/1058-0360(2011/10-0091) }}</ref><ref name="pmid19948272">{{cite journal | vauthors = Menzies RG, Onslow M, Packman A, O'Brian S | title = Cognitive behavior therapy for adults who stutter: a tutorial for speech-language pathologists | journal = Journal of Fluency Disorders | volume = 34 | issue = 3 | pages = 187–200 | date = September 2009 | pmid = 19948272 | doi = 10.1016/j.jfludis.2009.09.002 | s2cid = 38492355 }}</ref>

There is some evidence that CBT is superior in the long-term to [[benzodiazepine]]s and the [[nonbenzodiazepine]]s in the treatment and management of [[insomnia]].<ref name="Mitchell-2012">{{cite journal | vauthors = Mitchell MD, Gehrman P, Perlis M, Umscheid CA | title = Comparative effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia: a systematic review | journal = BMC Family Practice | volume = 13 | issue = 1 | page = 40 | date = May 2012 | pmid = 22631616 | pmc = 3481424 | doi = 10.1186/1471-2296-13-40 | doi-access = free }}</ref> Computerized CBT (CCBT) has been proven to be effective by randomized controlled and other trials in treating insomnia.<ref name="DoisleepMissing">{{cite journal | vauthors = Espie CA, Kyle SD, Williams C, Ong JC, Douglas NJ, Hames P, Brown JS | title = A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of online cognitive behavioral therapy for chronic insomnia disorder delivered via an automated media-rich web application | journal = Sleep | volume = 35 | issue = 6 | pages = 769–781 | date = June 2012 | pmid = 22654196 | pmc = 3353040 | doi = 10.5665/sleep.1872 }}</ref> Some research has found similar effectiveness to an intervention of informational websites and weekly telephone calls.<ref name="Schneider" /><ref name="MoodGym no better than informational websites_2012" /> CCBT was found to be equally effective as face-to-face CBT in [[insomnia]].<ref name="DoisleepMissing" />

A Cochrane review of interventions aimed at preventing psychological stress in healthcare workers found that CBT was more effective than no intervention but no more effective than alternative stress-reduction interventions.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Tamminga SJ, Emal LM, Boschman JS, Levasseur A, Thota A, Ruotsalainen JH, Schelvis RM, Nieuwenhuijsen K, van der Molen HF | display-authors = 6 | title = Individual-level interventions for reducing occupational stress in healthcare workers | journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | volume = 2023 | issue = 5 | pages = CD002892 | date = May 2023 | pmid = 37169364 | pmc = 10175042 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD002892.pub6 }}</ref>

Cochrane Reviews have found no convincing evidence that CBT training helps [[foster care]] providers manage difficult behaviors in the youths under their care,<ref name="Turner W, Macdonald GM, Dennis JA 2007 CD003760">{{cite journal | vauthors = Turner W, Macdonald GM, Dennis JA | title = Cognitive-behavioural training interventions for assisting foster carers in the management of difficult behaviour | journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | issue = 1 | pages = CD003760 | date = January 2007 | volume = 2007 | pmid = 17253496 | pmc = 8728638 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD003760.pub3 | veditors = Turner W | s2cid = 43214648}}</ref> nor was it helpful in treating people who [[Domestic violence|abuse]] their intimate partners.<ref name="Smedslund G, Dalsbø TK, Steiro AK, Winsvold A, Clench-Aas J 2007 CD006048">{{cite journal | vauthors = Smedslund G, Dalsbø TK, Steiro AK, Winsvold A, Clench-Aas J | title = Cognitive behavioural therapy for men who physically abuse their female partner | journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | issue = 3 | pages = CD006048 | date = July 2007 | pmid = 17636823 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD006048.pub2 | veditors = Smedslund G | s2cid = 41205102 | pmc = 12047670 }}</ref>

CBT has been applied in both clinical and non-clinical environments to treat disorders such as personality disorders and behavioral problems.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Butler AC, Chapman JE, Forman EM, Beck AT | title = The empirical status of cognitive-behavioral therapy: a review of meta-analyses | journal = Clinical Psychology Review | volume = 26 | issue = 1 | pages = 17–31 | date = January 2006 | pmid = 16199119 | doi = 10.1016/j.cpr.2005.07.003 | citeseerx = 10.1.1.413.7178 | s2cid = 8511716 }}</ref> [[INSERM]]'s 2004 review found that CBT is an effective therapy for personality disorders.<ref name="INSERM" />

CBT has been used with other researchers as well to minimize [[chronic pain]] and help relieve symptoms from those suffering from [[irritable bowel syndrome]] (IBS).<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Lackner JM, Keefer L, Jaccard J, Firth R, Brenner D, Bratten J, Dunlap LJ, Ma C, Byroads M | display-authors = 6 | title = The Irritable Bowel Syndrome Outcome Study (IBSOS): rationale and design of a randomized, placebo-controlled trial with 12 month follow up of self- versus clinician-administered CBT for moderate to severe irritable bowel syndrome | journal = Contemporary Clinical Trials | volume = 33 | issue = 6 | pages = 1293–1310 | date = November 2012 | pmid = 22846389 | pmc = 3468694 | doi = 10.1016/j.cct.2012.07.013 }}</ref>

====Individuals with medical conditions====
In the case of people with [[metastatic breast cancer]], data is limited but CBT and other psychosocial interventions might help with psychological outcomes and pain management.<ref name="Mustafa2013">{{cite journal | vauthors = Mustafa M, Carson-Stevens A, Gillespie D, Edwards AG | title = Psychological interventions for women with metastatic breast cancer | journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | issue = 6 | pages = CD004253 | date = June 2013 | volume = 2015 | pmid = 23737397 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD004253.pub4 | pmc = 11032751 }}</ref> There is also some evidence that CBT may help reduce insomnia in cancer patients.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Johnson |first=Jillian A. |last2=Rash |first2=Joshua A. |last3=Campbell |first3=Tavis S. |last4=Savard |first4=Josée |last5=Gehrman |first5=Philip R. |last6=Perlis |first6=Michael |last7=Carlson |first7=Linda E. |last8=Garland |first8=Sheila N. |date=2016-06-01 |title=A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of cognitive behavior therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) in cancer survivors |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1087079215000921?via=ihub |journal=Sleep Medicine Reviews |volume=27 |pages=20–28 |doi=10.1016/j.smrv.2015.07.001 |issn=1087-0792}}</ref> 

There is some evidence that using CBT for symptomatic management of non-specific chest pain is probably effective in the short term. However, the findings were limited by small trials and the evidence was considered of questionable quality.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Kisely SR, Campbell LA, Yelland MJ, Paydar A | title = Psychological interventions for symptomatic management of non-specific chest pain in patients with normal coronary anatomy | journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | volume = 2021 | issue = 6 | pages = CD004101 | date = June 2015 | pmid = 26123045 | pmc = 6599861 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.cd004101.pub5 }}</ref> [[Cochrane Collaboration|Cochrane reviews]] have found no evidence that CBT is effective for [[tinnitus]], although there appears to be an effect on management of associated depression and quality of life in this condition.<ref name="Martinez-Devesa P, Perera R, Theodoulou M, Waddell A 2010 CD005233">{{cite journal | vauthors = Martinez-Devesa P, Perera R, Theodoulou M, Waddell A | title = Cognitive behavioural therapy for tinnitus | journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | issue = 9 | pages = CD005233 | date = September 2010 | pmid = 20824844 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD005233.pub3 | veditors = Martinez-Devesa P | type = Submitted manuscript }}</ref> CBT combined with hypnosis and distraction reduces self-reported pain in children.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Robertson J | title = Review: distraction, hypnosis, and combined cognitive-behavioural interventions reduce needle related pain and distress in children and adolescents | journal = Evidence-Based Nursing | volume = 10 | issue = 3 | page = 75 | date = July 2007 | pmid = 17596380 | doi = 10.1136/ebn.10.3.75 | s2cid = 34364928 }}</ref>

There is limited evidence to support CBT's use in managing the impact of [[multiple sclerosis]],<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Thomas PW, Thomas S, Hillier C, Galvin K, Baker R | title = Psychological interventions for multiple sclerosis | journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | volume = 2010 | issue = 1 | pages = CD004431 | date = January 2006 | pmid = 16437487 | pmc = 8406851 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD004431.pub2 | veditors = Thomas PW }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-01 |title=Comparing Treatments for Multiple Sclerosis-Related Fatigue - Evidence Update for Clinicians {{!}} PCORI |url=https://www.pcori.org/evidence-updates/comparing-treatments-multiple-sclerosis-related-fatigue |access-date=2023-12-21 |website=www.pcori.org |language=en}}</ref> sleep disturbances related to aging,<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Montgomery P, Dennis J | title = Cognitive behavioural interventions for sleep problems in adults aged 60+ | journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | issue = 1 | pages = CD003161 | date = 2003 | pmid = 12535460 | pmc = 6991159 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD003161 }}</ref> and [[dysmenorrhea]],<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Proctor ML, Murphy PA, Pattison HM, Suckling J, Farquhar CM | title = Behavioural interventions for primary and secondary dysmenorrhoea | journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | issue = 3 | pages = CD002248 | date = July 2007 | volume = 2007 | pmid = 17636702 | pmc = 7137212 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD002248.pub3 | veditors = Proctor M }}</ref> but more study is needed and results should be interpreted with caution.

Previously CBT has been considered as moderately effective for treating [[myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome]] (ME/CFS),<ref name="cbt_systematic_review">{{cite journal | vauthors = Chambers D, Bagnall AM, Hempel S, Forbes C | title = Interventions for the treatment, management and rehabilitation of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis: an updated systematic review | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine | volume = 99 | issue = 10 | pages = 506–520 | date = October 2006 | pmid = 17021301 | pmc = 1592057 | doi = 10.1177/014107680609901012 }}</ref> however a [[National Institutes of Health]] Pathways to Prevention Workshop stated that in respect of improving treatment options for ME/CFS that the modest benefit from cognitive behavioral therapy should be studied as an adjunct to other methods.<ref name="Position Papers">{{cite journal | vauthors = Green CR, Cowan P, Elk R, O'Neil KM, Rasmussen AL | title = National Institutes of Health Pathways to Prevention Workshop: Advancing the Research on Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | journal = Annals of Internal Medicine | volume = 162 | issue = 12 | pages = 860–865 | date = June 2015 | pmid = 26075757 | doi = 10.7326/M15-0338 | s2cid = 24156332 }}</ref> The [[Centres for Disease Control]] advice on the treatment of ME/CFS<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/me-cfs/treatment/index.html|title=Treatment of ME/CFS &#124; Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) &#124; CDC|date=11 February 2021|website=www.cdc.gov}}</ref> makes no reference to CBT while the [[National Institute for Health and Care Excellence]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng206/chapter/Recommendations#managing-mecfs|title=Recommendations &#124; Myalgic encephalomyelitis (or encephalopathy)/chronic fatigue syndrome: diagnosis and management &#124; Guidance &#124; NICE|website=www.nice.org.uk|date=29 October 2021 }}</ref> states that cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has sometimes been assumed to be a cure for ME/CFS, however, it should only be offered to support people who live with ME/CFS to manage their symptoms, improve their functioning and reduce the distress associated with having a chronic illness.