Jump to content
Main menu
Main menu
move to sidebar
hide
Navigation
Main page
Recent changes
Random page
Help about MediaWiki
Special pages
Niidae Wiki
Search
Search
Appearance
Create account
Log in
Personal tools
Create account
Log in
Pages for logged out editors
learn more
Contributions
Talk
Editing
Chinese language
(section)
Page
Discussion
English
Read
Edit
View history
Tools
Tools
move to sidebar
hide
Actions
Read
Edit
View history
General
What links here
Related changes
Page information
Appearance
move to sidebar
hide
Warning:
You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you
log in
or
create an account
, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.
Anti-spam check. Do
not
fill this in!
== References == === Citations === {{Reflist|23em}} === Sources === {{refbegin|30em}} * {{Citation |surname1=Bailey |given1=Charles James Nice |title=Variation and linguistic theory |date=1973 |publisher=Center for Applied Linguistics |isbn=978-0-87281-032-7 |location=Arlington, Virginia}} * {{Citation |surname1=Baxter |given1=William H. |title=A Handbook of Old Chinese Phonology |publisher=Mouton de Gruyter |year=1992 |isbn=978-3-11-012324-1 |location=Berlin |author-link1=William H. Baxter}} * {{Citation |title=[Untitled review of ''Ethnologue'', 15th edition] |work=Language |volume=84 |issue=3 |pages=636–641 |year=2008 |doi=10.1353/lan.0.0054 |s2cid=143663395 |given1=Lyle |surname1=Campbell |title-link=Ethnologue}} * {{Citation |surname1=Chappell |given1=Hilary |year=2008 |title=Variation in the grammaticalization of complementizers from verba dicendi in Sinitic languages |journal=Linguistic Typology |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=45–98 |doi=10.1515/LITY.2008.032 |issn=1430-0532 |s2cid=201097561 |hdl=11858/00-001M-0000-0013-1A8D-4 |url=https://hal.science/hal-03929503/file/SAY%20complementizers%20SINITIC%202008%20pre-publication.pdf |hdl-access=free}} * {{Citation |title=Zhōngguó yǔyán dìtú jí |volume=2: Hànyǔ fāngyán juǎn |publisher=The Commercial Press, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences |year=2012 |isbn=978-7-100-07054-6 |edition=2nd |location=Beijing |script-title=zh:中国语言地图集:汉语方言卷 |trans-title=Language Atlas of China: Chinese dialects |language=zh |ref={{sfnref|Chinese Academy of Social Sciences|2012}}}} * {{Citation |surname1=Coblin |given1=W. South |author-link1=W. South Coblin |year=2000 |title=A Brief History of Mandarin |journal=Journal of the American Oriental Society |volume=120 |issue=4 |pages=537–552 |doi=10.2307/606615 |jstor=606615}} * {{Citation |surname1=DeFrancis |given1=John |title=The Chinese Language: Fact and Fantasy |publisher=[[University of Hawaiʻi Press]] |year=1984 |isbn=978-0-8248-1068-9 |author-link1=John DeFrancis}} * {{Citation |surname1=Groves |given1=Julie May |date=2010 |title=Language or dialect, topolect or regiolect? A comparative study of language attitudes towards the status of Cantonese in Hong Kong |journal=Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development |volume=31 |issue=6 |pages=531–551 |doi=10.1080/01434632.2010.509507 |s2cid=144374994 |issn=0143-4632}} * {{Citation |surname1=Handel |given1=Zev |date=2008 |title=What is Sino-Tibetan? Snapshot of a Field and a Language Family in Flux |journal=Language and Linguistics Compass |volume=2 |issue=3 |pages=422–441 |doi=10.1111/j.1749-818X.2008.00061.x |issn=1749-818X}} * {{Citation |surname1=Haugen |given1=Einar |author-link1=Einar Haugen |year=1966 |title=Dialect, Language, Nation |journal=American Anthropologist |volume=68 |issue=4 |pages=922–935 |doi=10.1525/aa.1966.68.4.02a00040 |issn=0002-7294 |jstor=670407 |doi-access=free}} * {{cite web |url=http://www.cuhk.edu.hk/ics/21c/media/articles/c142-201309003.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221010/http://www.cuhk.edu.hk/ics/21c/media/articles/c142-201309003.pdf |archive-date=10 October 2022 |url-status=live |publisher=Chinese University of Hong Kong |year=2014 |script-title=zh:白話為何在五四時期「活」起來了? |language=zh |surname1=Huang |given1=Hua |author-mask=Huang Hua (黃華)}} * {{Citation |surname1=Hudson |given1=R. A. |title=Sociolinguistics |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1996 |isbn=978-0-521-56514-1 |edition=2nd}} * {{Citation |surname1=Hymes |given1=Dell |title=Social Anthropology and Language |publisher=Routledge |year=1971 |isbn=978-1-136-53941-1 |editor-surname1=Ardener |editor-given1=Edwin |pages=47–92 |chapter=Sociolinguistics and the ethnography of speaking}} * {{Citation |surname1=Kane |given1=Daniel |title=The Chinese language: its history and current usage |date=2006 |publisher=Tuttle |isbn=978-0-8048-3853-5 |location=North Clarendon, Vermont}} * {{Citation |surname1=Klöter |given1=Henning |doi=10.4000/chinaperspectives.442 |date=2004 |journal=China Perspectives |volume=56 |issn=1996-4617 |url=http://chinaperspectives.revues.org/442 |title=Language Policy in the KMT and DPP eras |issue=6 |access-date=30 May 2015 |publisher=Centre d'études français sur la Chine Contemporaine}} * {{Citation |surname1=Kornicki |given1=P. F. |title=New Word Order: Transnational Themes in Book History |publisher=Worldview |year=2011 |isbn=978-81-920651-1-3 |editor-surname1=Chakravorty |editor-given1=Swapan |pages=65–79 |chapter=A transnational approach to East Asian book history |author-link1=Peter Kornicki |editor-surname2=Gupta |editor-given2=Abhijit}} * {{cite thesis |surname1=Kuo |given1=Yun-Hsuan |date=2005 |title=New dialect formation: the case of Taiwanese Mandarin |type=Doctor of Philosophy |publisher=University of Essex |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/34241289 |access-date=26 June 2015}} * {{Citation |surname1=Kurpaska |given1=Maria |title=Chinese language(s): a look through the prism of the Great dictionary of modern Chinese dialects |date=2010 |publisher=Mouton de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-021914-2 |series=Trends in linguistics |location=Berlin}} * {{Citation |title=Ethnologue: Languages of the World |url=http://www.ethnologue.com |year=2015 |editor-surname1=Lewis |editor-given1=M. Paul |edition=18th |place=Dallas |publisher=SIL International |editor-given2=Gary F. |editor-surname2=Simons |editor-given3=Charles D. |editor-surname3=Fennig}} * {{Citation |surname1=Li |given1=Siok-Hong |journal=台語研究 |script-title=zh:台、華語接觸所引起的台語語音的變化趨勢 |script-journal=zh:台語研究 |date=1 March 2010 |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=56–71 |doi=10.6621/JTV.2010.0201.03 |url=https://www.airitilibrary.com/Publication/alDetailedMesh?docid=20763611-201003-201004230089-201004230089-56-71 |access-date=11 July 2021 |language=zh}} * {{Citation |surname1=Liang |given1=Sihua |title=Language attitudes and identities in multilingual China: a linguistic ethnography |date=2015 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-3-319-12619-7 |location=Cham}} * {{Citation |surname1=Mair |given1=Victor H. |author-link1=Victor H. Mair |year=1991 |title=What Is a Chinese "Dialect/Topolect"? Reflections on Some Key Sino-English Linguistic terms |url=https://sino-platonic.org/complete/spp029_chinese_dialect.pdf |journal=Sino-Platonic Papers |publisher=University of Pennsylvania |volume=29 |pages=1–31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180510155608/http://www.sino-platonic.org/complete/spp029_chinese_dialect.pdf |archive-date=10 May 2018 |access-date=17 November 2023}} * {{Citation |surname1=Matthews |given1=Stephen |title=Cantonese: A Comprehensive Grammar |surname2=Yip |given2=Virginia |publisher=Routledge |year=1994 |isbn=978-0-415-08945-6 |author-link1=Stephen Matthews (linguist) |author-link2=Virginia Yip}} * {{Citation |surname1=Miller |given1=Roy Andrew |url=https://archive.org/details/japaneselanguage0000mill_o3y1 |title=The Japanese Language |publisher=University of Chicago Press |year=1967 |isbn=978-0-226-52717-8 |author-link1=Roy Andrew Miller |url-access=registration}} * {{Citation |surname1=Miyake |given1=Marc Hideo |title=Old Japanese: A Phonetic Reconstruction |publisher=Routledge–Curzon |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-415-30575-4 |author-link1=Marc Miyake}} * {{Citation |surname1=Norman |given1=Jerry |title=Chinese |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1988 |isbn=978-0-521-29653-3 |series=Cambridge language surveys |author-link1=Jerry Norman (sinologist)}} * {{Citation |surname1=Norman |given1=Jerry |title=The Sino-Tibetan languages |publisher=Routledge |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-7007-1129-1 |editor-surname1=Thurgood |editor-given1=Graham |pages=72–83 |chapter=The Chinese dialects: phonology |editor-surname2=LaPolla |editor-given2=Randy J.}} * {{Citation |surname1=Pulleyblank |given1=Edwin G. |title=Middle Chinese: A study in Historical Phonology |publisher=University of British Columbia Press |year=1984 |isbn=978-0-7748-0192-8 |location=Vancouver |author-link1=Edwin G. Pulleyblank}} * {{Citation |surname1=Ramsey |given1=S. Robert |title=The Languages of China |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=1987 |isbn=978-0-691-01468-5}} * {{Citation |surname1=Romaine |given1=Suzanne |title=Language in Society: an Introduction to Sociolinguistics |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1994 |isbn=978-0-19-875133-5}} * {{Citation |surname1=Sagart |given1=Laurent |author-link1=Laurent Sagart |surname2=Jacques |given2=Guillaume |author-link2=Guillaume Jacques |surname3=Lai |given3=Yunfan |surname4=Ryder |given4=Robin J. |surname5=Thouzeau |given5=Valentin |surname6=Greenhill |given6=Simon J. |surname7=List |given7=Johann-Mattis |date=21 May 2019 |title=Dated language phylogenies shed light on the ancestry of Sino-Tibetan |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=116 |issue=21 |pages=10317–10322 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1817972116 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=6534992 |pmid=31061123 |bibcode=2019PNAS..11610317S |doi-access=free}} * {{Citation |surname1=Schüssler |given1=Axel |title=ABC Etymological Dictionary of Old Chinese |date=2007 |publisher=University of Hawaiʻi Press |isbn=978-0-8248-2975-9 |series=ABC Chinese dictionary series |location=Honolulu}} * {{Citation |surname1=Shibatani |given1=Masayoshi |title=The Languages of Japan |publisher=Cambridge University Press |date=1990 |isbn=978-0-521-36918-3 |series=Cambridge language surveys}} * {{Citation |surname1=Sohn |given1=Ho-Min |url=https://archive.org/details/koreanlanguage0000sohn |title=The Korean Language |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-521-36943-5 |url-access=registration}} * {{Citation |surname1=Sohn |given1=Ho-Min |title=A History of Korean Literature |surname2=Lee |given2=Peter H. |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-521-82858-1 |editor-surname1=Lee |editor-given1=Peter H. |pages=15–51 |chapter=Language, forms, prosody, and themes}} * {{Citation |surname1=Thomason |given1=Sarah Grey |title=International Handbook of Bilingualism and Bilingual Education |date=1988 |publisher=Greenwood |isbn=978-0-313-24484-1 |editor-surname1=Paulston |editor-given1=Christina Bratt |location=New York |pages=17–45 |chapter=Languages of the World}} * {{Citation |surname1=Tsu-lin |given1=Mei |author-link1=Mei Tsu-lin |date=1970 |title=Tones and Prosody in Middle Chinese and The Origin of The Rising Tone |journal=Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies |volume=30 |pages=86–110 |doi=10.2307/2718766 |jstor=2718766}} * {{Citation |surname1=Van Herk |given1=Gerard |title=What is sociolinguistics? |date=2012 |publisher=Wiley-Blackwell |isbn=978-1-4051-9319-1 |series=Linguistics in the world |location=Chichester, West Sussex}} * {{Citation |editor-surname1=Wakefield |editor-given1=John C. |title=Cantonese as a Second Language: Issues, Experiences, and Suggestions for Teaching and Learning |series=Routledge Studies in Applied Linguistics |publisher=Routledge |location=New York |year=2019 |page=45 |isbn=978-1-03-209316-1}} * {{Citation |surname1=Wardaugh |given1=Ronald |title=An Introduction to Sociolinguistics |surname2=Fuller |given2=Janet |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |year=2014 |isbn=978-1-118-73229-8}} * {{Citation |surname1=Wilkinson |given1=Endymion Porter |title=Chinese History: A Manual |publisher=Harvard University Press |date=2000 |isbn=978-0-674-00249-4 |series=Harvard-Yenching Institute monograph series |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |author-link1=Endymion Wilkinson}} * {{Citation |surname1=Wurm |given1=Stephen Adolphe |title=Language Atlas of China |surname2=Li |given2=Rong |surname3=Baumann |given3=Theo |surname4=Lee |given4=Mei W. |publisher=Longman |year=1987 |isbn=978-962-359-085-3}} * {{Citation |surname1=Zhang |given1=Bennan |title=Language policy in the People's Republic of China: theory and practice since 1949 |surname2=Yang |given2=Robin R. |date=2004 |publisher=Kluwer |isbn=978-1-4020-8038-8 |editor-surname1=Zhou |editor-given1=Minglang |location=Boston |pages=143–161 |chapter=''Putonghua'' education and language policy in postcolonial Hong Kong}} * {{Citation |surname1=Zimmermann |given1=Basile |year=2010 |title=Redesigning Culture: Chinese Characters in Alphabet-Encoded Networks |journal=Design and Culture |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=27–43 |doi=10.2752/175470710X12593419555126 |s2cid=53981784 |url=https://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:87901 |issn=1754-7075}} ** {{Cite press release |title=Origin of Sino-Tibetan language family revealed by new research |date=6 May 2019 |url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/05/190506151822.htm |website=[[ScienceDaily]]}} {{refend}}
Summary:
Please note that all contributions to Niidae Wiki may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. If you do not want your writing to be edited mercilessly, then do not submit it here.
You are also promising us that you wrote this yourself, or copied it from a public domain or similar free resource (see
Encyclopedia:Copyrights
for details).
Do not submit copyrighted work without permission!
Cancel
Editing help
(opens in new window)
Search
Search
Editing
Chinese language
(section)
Add topic