Editing Chen Duxiu (section)

=== Crisis with Liang Shuming ===
Chen Duxiu viewed human history as a whole thing, as a single entity. A monistic evolutionary historical model was suggested by Chen Duxiu's argument. On the other hand, [[Liang Shuming]] clearly divided cultures into three types: European culture, Chinese culture and Indian culture.<ref name=":2" /> European culture is characterized as the “primary, forward-seeking orientation”; Chinese culture is the “secondary, harmony and middle-ground-seeking orientation”; and Indian culture, the “tertiary, self-reflective and backward-looking orientation.”<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last=Mizoguchi|first=Yūzō|date=2016|title=Another May Fourth|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14649373.2016.1244032|journal=Inter-Asia Cultural Studies|language=en|volume=17|issue=4|pages=606–631|doi=10.1080/14649373.2016.1244032|s2cid=214652297|issn=1464-9373}}</ref> Chen Duxiu said "In many people’s estimation, the differences among Chinese, Indian, and European culture are almost entirely differences in ethnicity, and thus are not limited to those of culture.” <ref name=":2"/> This argument is clearly about criticizing Liang's Eastern and Western Cultures and Philosophies.