Editing Charles Babbage (section)

===Ada Lovelace and Italian followers===
Ada Lovelace, who corresponded with Babbage during his development of the Analytical Engine, is credited with developing an algorithm that would enable the Engine to calculate a sequence of [[Bernoulli numbers]].<ref name="Legacy">Robin Hammerman, Andrew L. Russell (2016). ''Ada's Legacy: Cultures of Computing from the Victorian to the Digital Age''. Association for Computing Machinery and Morgan & Claypool Publishers. {{ISBN|978-1-970001-51-8}}</ref> Despite documentary evidence in Lovelace's own handwriting,<ref name="Legacy" /> some scholars dispute to what extent the ideas were Lovelace's own.<ref>{{cite book |last=Bromley |first=Allan G. |author-link=Allan G. Bromley |contribution=Difference and Analytical Engines |title=Computing Before Computers |editor-first=William |editor-last=Aspray |publisher=Iowa State University Press |location=Ames |pages=59–98 |chapter-url=http://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/CBC-Ch-02.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221010/http://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/CBC-Ch-02.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-10 |url-status=live |date=1990 |isbn=978-0-8138-0047-9}} p. 89.</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Stein |first=Dorothy K. |year=1984 |title=Lady Lovelace's Notes: Technical Text and Cultural Context |journal=Victorian Studies |pages=33–67 |volume=28 |issue=1}} p. 34.</ref><ref>{{cite thesis |last=Collier |first=Bruce |title=The Little Engines That Could've: The Calculating Machines of Charles Babbage |type=PhD |publisher=Harvard University |year=1970 |url=http://robroy.dyndns.info/collier |access-date=18 December 2015}} Chapter 3.</ref> For this achievement, she is often described as the first [[programmer|computer programmer]];<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Fuegi J, Francis J | title = Lovelace & Babbage and the creation of the 1843 'notes' | journal=Annals of the History of Computing | volume = 25 | issue = 4 | pages = 16–26 | date = October–December 2003 | doi = 10.1109/MAHC.2003.1253887 }} See pages 19, 25</ref>{{Failed verification|date=March 2019|reason="computer programmer" or similar not found in article}} though no programming language had yet been invented.<ref name="Legacy" /><ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-Babbage|title=Charles Babbage {{!}} Biography & Facts|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=21 December 2017}}</ref>

Lovelace also translated and wrote literature supporting the project.  Describing the engine's programming by punch cards, she wrote: "We may say most aptly that the Analytical Engine weaves algebraical patterns just as the [[Jacquard loom]] weaves flowers and leaves."<ref name="Gross" />

Babbage visited [[Turin]] in 1840 at the invitation of [[Giovanni Plana]], who had developed in 1831 an analog computing machine that served as a [[Cappella dei Mercanti, Turin|perpetual calendar]]. Here in 1840 in Turin, Babbage gave the only public explanation and lectures about the Analytical Engine.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wired|title=Charles Babbage Left a Computer Program in Turin in 1840. Here It Is.|url=https://cacm.acm.org/news/217292-charles-babbage-left-a-computer-program-in-turin-in-1840-here-it-is/fulltext|access-date=24 September 2021|website=cacm.acm.org|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Sterling|first=Bruce|title=Charles Babbage left a computer program in Turin in 1840. Here it is.|language=en-US|magazine=Wired|url=https://www.wired.com/beyond-the-beyond/2017/05/charles-babbage-left-computer-program-turin-1840/|access-date=24 September 2021|issn=1059-1028}}</ref> In 1842 [[Charles Wheatstone]] approached Lovelace to translate a paper of [[Luigi Menabrea]], who had taken notes of Babbage's Turin talks; and Babbage asked her to add something of her own. Fortunato Prandi who acted as interpreter in Turin was an Italian exile and follower of [[Giuseppe Mazzini]].<ref>{{cite book |author=Benjamin Woolley |title=The Bride of Science |year=1999 |publisher=Macmillan |isbn=978-0-333-72436-1 |pages=258–260, 338}}</ref>