Editing Carl Jung (section)

====Archetype====
{{main|Jungian archetypes}}
{{image frame|content={{Photo montage
| right
| photo1a = Saturn Devouring His Son.jpg
| alt1a = Isis, The Great mother of divine son Horus 
| photo1b = Demeter Altemps Inv8546.jpg
| alt1b = Demeter, Great Mother of divine daughter Persephone
| photo1c = Zhang Lu-Laozi Riding an Ox.jpg
| alt1c = Lao Tzu, Wise Old Man
| photo1d = Spas vsederzhitel sinay.jpg
| alt1d = Christ, Hero
| size = 450
| spacing = 3
}}
| width = 450
| caption = Common archetypal motifs: Devourer, Great/Benevolent Mother, Wise Old Man, Hero/Self
}}
The archetype is a concept "borrowed" from [[anthropology]] to denote a process of nature.  Jung's definitions of archetypes varied over time and have been the subject of debate regarding their usefulness. [[Jungian archetypes|Archetypal images]], also referred to as [[Motif-Index of Folk-Literature|motifs in mythology]],{{Efn|Also see other [[Motif (disambiguation)#General concepts|general concepts of 'motif']] covering visual arts, narrative, et cetera.}} are universal symbols that can mediate opposites in the psyche, are often found in religious art, mythology and fairy tales across cultures. Jung saw archetypes as pre-configurations in nature that give rise to repeating, understandable, describable experiences. In addition, the concept considers the passage of time and patterns resulting from transformation.<ref>{{cite book |author=Carl Jung  |title=''The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious'', Collected Works, Volume 9, Part 1 <!-- |year=1959 --> |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-01833-1 |at=para. 80-81 }}</ref> Archetypes are said to exist independently of any current event or its effect. They are said to exert influence both across all domains of experience and throughout the stages of each individual's unique development. Being in part based on heritable physiology, they are thought to have "existed" since humans became a differentiated species. They have been deduced through the development of storytelling over tens of thousands of years, indicating repeating patterns of individual and group experience, behaviors, and effects across the planet, apparently displaying common themes.<ref name="CW9_1__90_92_118" />

The concept did not originate with Jung but with [[Plato]], who first conceived of primordial patterns. Later contributions came from [[Adolf Bastian]] and [[Hermann Usener]], among others.<ref name="CW9_1__153">{{cite book |author=Carl Jung  |title=''The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious'', Collected Works, Volume 9, Part 1 <!-- |year=1959 --> |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-01833-1 |at=para. 153 }}</ref> In the first half of the twentieth century, it proved impossible to objectively isolate and categorize the notion of an archetype within a materialist frame.  According to Jung, there are "as many archetypes as there are typical situations in life",<ref name="CW9_1__99">{{cite book |author=Carl Jung  |title=''The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious'', Collected Works, Volume 9, Part 1 <!-- |year=1959 --> |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-01833-1 |at=para. 99 }}</ref> and he asserted that they have a dynamic mutual influence on one another. Their alleged presence could be extracted from thousand-year-old narratives, from comparative religion, and from mythology.<ref name="CW9_1__89_110_115">{{cite book |author=Carl Jung  |title=''The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious'', Collected Works, Volume 9, Part 1 <!-- |year=1959 --> |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-01833-1 |at=para. 89,110,115 }}</ref> Jung elaborated on many archetypes in "''The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious''" and in "''Aion: Researches into the Phenomenology of the Self''". Examples of archetypes might be the shadow, the hero, the self, anima, animus, mother, father, child, and trickster.