Editing Blood transfusion (section)

=== Neonate ===
To ensure the safety of blood transfusion to pediatric patients, hospitals are taking additional precautions to avoid infection and prefer to use pediatric blood units that are guaranteed "safe" from ''[[Cytomegalovirus]]''. Some guidelines have recommended the provision of CMV-negative blood components and not simply leukoreduced components for newborns or low birthweight infants in whom the immune system is not fully developed,<ref name="neonatal-CMV">{{cite web |url=http://www.cps.ca/english/statements/fn/fn02-02.htm#What%20type%20of%20RBCs%20should%20be%20used |title=Red blood cell transfusions in newborn infants: Revised guidelines |publisher=Canadian Paediatric Society (CPS) |access-date=2007-02-02 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070203095445/http://www.cps.ca/english/statements/FN/fn02-02.htm#What%20type%20of%20RBCs%20should%20be%20used |archive-date=2007-02-03 }}</ref> but practice varies.<ref name="b411">{{cite journal | last1=Reeves | first1=Hollie M. | last2=Goodhue Meyer | first2=Erin | last3=Harm | first3=Sarah K. | last4=Lieberman | first4=Lani | last5=Pyles | first5=Ryan | last6=Rajbhandary | first6=Srijana | last7=Whitaker | first7=Barbee I. | last8=Delaney | first8=Meghan | title=Neonatal and pediatric blood bank practice in the United States: Results from the AABB pediatric transfusion medicine subsection survey | journal=Transfusion | volume=61 | issue=8 | date=2021 | issn=1537-2995 | pmid=34110629 | doi=10.1111/trf.16520 | pages=2265–76}}</ref> These requirements place additional restrictions on blood donors who can donate for neonatal use, which may be impractical given the rarity of CMV seronegative donors and the preference for fresh units.

Neonatal transfusions typically fall into one of two categories:
* "Top-up" transfusions, to replace losses due to investigational losses and correction of anemia.
* Exchange (or partial exchange) transfusions are done for removal of bilirubin, removal of antibodies and replacement of red cells (e.g., for anemia secondary to [[thalassemia]]s and other [[Hemoglobinopathy|hemoglobinopathies]] or [[fetal erythroblastosis]]).<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Radhakrishnan KM, Chakravarthi S, Pushkala S, Jayaraju J | title = Component therapy | journal = Indian Journal of Pediatrics | volume = 70 | issue = 8 | pages = 661–6 | date = August 2003 | pmid = 14510088 | doi = 10.1007/BF02724257 | s2cid = 42488187 }}</ref>