Editing Berlin (section)

== Economy ==
{{Main|Economy of Berlin}}
[[File:Blue Hour in Berlin.jpg|thumb|left|Berlin is a UNESCO "City of Design" and recognized for its [[creative industries]] and [[startup ecosystem]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.credit-suisse.com/us/en/news-and-expertise/entrepreneurs/articles/news-and-expertise/2015/08/en/berlin-europes-new-start-up-capital.html|title=Berlin – Europe's New Start-Up Capital|website=Credit Suisse|access-date=27 March 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160331043259/https://www.credit-suisse.com/us/en/news-and-expertise/entrepreneurs/articles/news-and-expertise/2015/08/en/berlin-europes-new-start-up-capital.html|archive-date=31 March 2016}}</ref>]]

In 2018, the GDP of Berlin totaled €147&nbsp;billion, an increase of 3.1% over the previous year.<ref name="Amt für Statistik Berlin-Brandenburg-2"/> Berlin's economy is dominated by the [[service sector]], with around 84% of all companies doing business in services. In 2015, the total labor force in Berlin was 1.85&nbsp;million. The unemployment rate reached a 24-year low in November 2015 and stood at 10.0%.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.berliner-zeitung.de/wirtschaft/arbeitsmarkt-in-berlin-berlin-hat-so-wenig-arbeitslose-wie-seit-24-jahren-nicht,10808230,32678128.html|title=Berlin hat so wenig Arbeitslose wie seit 24 Jahren nicht|newspaper=Berliner Zeitung|access-date=1 November 2015|language=de|archive-date=3 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151203224849/https://www.berliner-zeitung.de/wirtschaft/arbeitsmarkt-in-berlin-berlin-hat-so-wenig-arbeitslose-wie-seit-24-jahren-nicht,10808230,32678128.html|url-status=live}}</ref> From 2012 to 2015 Berlin, as a German state, had the highest annual employment growth rate. Around 130,000 jobs were added in this period.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.berliner-zeitung.de/berlin/rekord-in-der-hauptstadt-in-berlin-gibt-es-so-viele-beschaeftigte-wie-nie-zuvor,10809148,33634676.html|title=In Berlin gibt es so viele Beschäftigte wie nie zuvor|newspaper=Berliner Zeitung|date=28 January 2015|access-date=16 February 2016|language=de|archive-date=24 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160224010722/https://www.berliner-zeitung.de/berlin/rekord-in-der-hauptstadt-in-berlin-gibt-es-so-viele-beschaeftigte-wie-nie-zuvor,10809148,33634676.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Important economic sectors in Berlin include life sciences, transportation, information and communication technologies, media and music, advertising and design, biotechnology, environmental services, construction, e-commerce, retail, hotel business, and medical engineering.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/displayStory.cfm?story_id=7953479|title=Poor but sexy|newspaper=The Economist|access-date=19 August 2008|date=21 September 2006|archive-date=22 June 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080622201720/https://www.economist.com/displayStory.cfm?story_id=7953479|url-status=live}}</ref>

Research and development have economic significance for the city.<ref name="berlin.de">{{cite web|url=https://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/produkte/kleinestatistik/AP_kleinestatistik_de_2013_be.pdf |title=Die kleine Berlin Statistik |website=berlin.de |access-date=26 August 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714163544/https://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/produkte/kleinestatistik/AP_kleinestatistik_de_2013_be.pdf |archive-date=14 July 2014}}</ref> Several major corporations like [[Volkswagen]], [[Pfizer]], and [[SAP]] operate innovation laboratories in the city.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.morgenpost.de/wirtschaft/article208628997/Immer-mehr-Konzerne-suchen-den-Spirit-Berlins.html|title=Immer mehr Konzerne suchen den Spirit Berlins|publisher=Berliner Morgenpost|access-date=13 January 2017|archive-date=16 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116150546/https://www.morgenpost.de/wirtschaft/article208628997/Immer-mehr-Konzerne-suchen-den-Spirit-Berlins.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
The Science and Business Park in Adlershof is the largest technology park in Germany measured by revenue.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Science and Technology Park Berlin-Adlershof|url=https://www.adlershof.de/en/facts-figures/adlershof-in-numbers/|website=Berlin Adlershof: Facts and Figures|publisher=Adlershof|access-date=13 January 2017|archive-date=17 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170117042743/https://www.adlershof.de/en/facts-figures/adlershof-in-numbers/|url-status=live}}</ref> Within the [[eurozone]], Berlin has become a center for business relocation and international [[investment (macroeconomics)|investment]]s.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.kpmg.com/FR/fr/IssuesAndInsights/News/Documents/GPIA-KPMG-CIM-2012.pdf|title=Global Cities Investment Monitor 2012|publisher=KPMG|access-date=28 August 2014|archive-date=2 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102003006/https://www.kpmg.com/FR/fr/IssuesAndInsights/News/Documents/GPIA-KPMG-CIM-2012.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
!Year<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/2519/umfrage/entwicklung-der-arbeitslosenquote-in-berlin-seit-1999/|title=Arbeitslosenquote in Berlin bis 2018|website=Statista|access-date=11 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211194253/https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/2519/umfrage/entwicklung-der-arbeitslosenquote-in-berlin-seit-1999/|archive-date=11 December 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
!2010
!2011
!2012
!2013
!2014
!2015
!2016
!2017
!2018
!2019
!2020
!2021
!2022
|-
|Unemployment rate in %
|13.6
|13.3
|12.3
|11.7
|11.1
|10.7
|9.8
|9.0
|8.1
|7.8
|6.4
|8.6
|9.1
|}

=== Companies ===
{{multiple image
| align             = right
| width1            = 132
| image1            = DBBuildingBerling150809.jpg
| caption1          = [[Deutsche Bahn]], the largest railway company in the world,<ref name="Fortune">{{cite web |url=https://fortune.com/ranking/global500/ |title=Global 500 2023 |work=Fortune |access-date=24 December 2023 |url-access=subscription |archive-date=16 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230116163740/https://fortune.com/ranking/global500/ |url-status=live }}</ref> is headquartered in Berlin.
| width2            = 206
| image2            = Berlin, Mitte, Behrenstrasse, Berliner Bank 05.jpg
| caption2          = [[Deutscher Sparkassen- und Giroverband]], the European Union's second-largest financial services group, has its headquarters in Berlin.
}}

Many German and international companies have business or service centers in the city. For several years Berlin has been recognized as a major center of [[Entrepreneurship|business founders]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2014/jan/03/berlin-poor-sexy-silicon-valley-microsoft-google |title=Berlin's 'poor but sexy' appeal turning city into European Silicon Valley |newspaper=The Guardian |date=3 January 2014 |access-date=6 September 2014 |archive-date=21 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021144623/https://www.theguardian.com/business/2014/jan/03/berlin-poor-sexy-silicon-valley-microsoft-google |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2015, Berlin generated the most venture capital for young [[Startup company|startup companies]] in Europe.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Frost|first1=Simon|title=Berlin outranks London in start-up investment|url=https://www.euractiv.com/sections/innovation-industry/berlin-outranks-london-start-investment-317140|website=euractiv.com|date=28 August 2015|access-date=28 October 2015|archive-date=6 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151106224621/https://www.euractiv.com/sections/innovation-industry/berlin-outranks-london-start-investment-317140|url-status=live}}</ref>

Among the 10 largest employers in Berlin are the City-State of Berlin, {{lang|de|[[Deutsche Bahn]]|italic=no}}, largest railway company in the world,<ref name="Fortune" /> the hospital providers [[Charité]] and [[Vivantes]], the Federal Government of Germany, the local public transport provider [[Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe|BVG]], [[Siemens]] and [[Deutsche Telekom]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015|title=Berlin's Economy in Figures|url=https://www.ihk-berlin.de/blueprint/servlet/resource/blob/3178106/8435c9f495d401cf57c9109e458e8580/berlin-s-economy-in-figures-2015-1--data.pdf|access-date=27 April 2021|website=IHK Berlin|archive-date=27 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427222910/https://www.ihk-berlin.de/blueprint/servlet/resource/blob/3178106/8435c9f495d401cf57c9109e458e8580/berlin-s-economy-in-figures-2015-1--data.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

Siemens, a [[Fortune Global 500|Global 500]] and [[DAX]]-listed company is partly headquartered in Berlin. Other DAX-listed companies headquartered in Berlin are the property company [[Deutsche Wohnen]] and the online food delivery service [[Delivery Hero]]. The national railway operator {{lang|de|[[Deutsche Bahn]]|italic=no}},<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deutschebahn.com/site/bahn/en/group/group__affairs/schenker__frankfurt__20100714.html |title=DB Schenker to concentrate control functions in Frankfurt am Main |access-date=6 June 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100922063223/https://www.deutschebahn.com/site/bahn/en/group/group__affairs/schenker__frankfurt__20100714.html |archive-date=22 September 2010}}</ref> Europe's largest digital publisher<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-08-07/axel-springer-is-winning-the-internet-with-business-insider |title=A German Publisher Is Winning the Internet |newspaper=Bloomberg.com |date=7 August 2018 |access-date=25 June 2020 |archive-date=2 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200902072725/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-08-07/axel-springer-is-winning-the-internet-with-business-insider |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Axel Springer SE|Axel Springer]] as well as the [[MDAX]]-listed firms [[Zalando]] and [[HelloFresh]] and also have their main headquarters in the city. Among the largest international corporations who have their German or European headquarters in Berlin are [[Bombardier Transportation]], [[Securing Energy for Europe]], [[Coca-Cola]], [[Pfizer]], [[Sony]] and [[TotalEnergies]].

As of 2023, [[Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe]], a network of [[public bank]]s that together form the largest financial services group in Germany and in all of Europe, is headquartered in Berlin. The [[Bundesverband der Deutschen Volksbanken und Raiffeisenbanken]] has its headquarters in Berlin, managing around 1.200 trillion euros.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bvr.de/press/facts_and_figures | title=Press – Facts and figures – BVR – National Association of German Cooperative Banks | access-date=8 January 2024 | archive-date=8 January 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240108213602/https://www.bvr.de/press/facts_and_figures | url-status=live }}</ref> The three largest banks in the capital are [[Deutsche Kreditbank]], [[Landesbank Berlin]] and [[Berlin Hyp]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.die-bank.de/fileadmin/images/top100/diebank_07-2019_Top-100.pdf |title=TOP 100 der deutschen Kreditwirtschaft |website=die-bank.de |language=de |access-date=25 June 2020 |archive-date=25 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225005847/https://www.die-bank.de/fileadmin/images/top100/diebank_07-2019_Top-100.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[Mercedes-Benz Group]] manufactures cars, and [[BMW Motorrad|BMW builds motorcycles]] in Berlin. In 2022, American electric car manufacturer [[Tesla, Inc.|Tesla]] opened its first European Gigafactory outside the city borders in [[Grünheide (Mark)]], Brandenburg. The Pharmaceuticals division of [[Bayer]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bayer.com/en/german-sites.aspx |title=Bayer Worldwide: Activities and Directions to the German Sites |website=bayer.com |access-date=25 June 2020 |archive-date=11 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611020108/https://www.bayer.com/en/german-sites.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref> and [[Berlin Chemie]] are major pharmaceutical companies in the city.

=== Tourism and conventions ===
{{Main|List of tourist attractions in Berlin}}
{{Multiple image
| align             = left
| image1            = Berlin Fashion Week 2013 b.jpg
| width1            = 206
| caption1          = [[Berlin Fashion Week]]
| image2            = IFA 2012 IMG 7677.JPG
| width2            = 206
| caption2          = [[Internationale Funkausstellung Berlin|IFA]] is one of Europe's leading trade shows for consumer electronics.
}}

Berlin had 788 hotels with 134,399 beds in 2014.<ref name="visitBerlin">{{cite web|url=https://press.visitberlin.de/en/news-release/berlin-welcomes-record-numbers-of-tourists-and-convention-participants-in-2014-287-mill|title=Berlin Welcomes Record Numbers of Tourists and Convention Participants in 2014|website=visitBerlin|access-date=5 March 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150305115925/https://press.visitberlin.de/en/news-release/berlin-welcomes-record-numbers-of-tourists-and-convention-participants-in-2014-287-mill|archive-date=5 March 2015}}</ref> The city recorded 28.7&nbsp;million overnight hotel stays and 11.9&nbsp;million hotel guests in 2014.<ref name="visitBerlin"/> Tourism figures have more than doubled within the last ten years and Berlin has become the third-most-visited city destination in Europe. Some of the most visited places in Berlin include: [[Potsdamer Platz]], [[Brandenburg Gate|Brandenburger Tor]], [[Berlin Wall|the Berlin wall]], [[Alexanderplatz]], [[Museum Island|Museumsinsel]], [[Fernsehturm Berlin|Fernsehturm]], the [[East Side Gallery|East-Side Gallery]], [[Charlottenburg Palace|Schloss-Charlottenburg]], [[Berlin Zoological Garden|Zoologischer Garten]], [[Berlin Victory Column|Siegessäule]], [[Gedenkstätte Berliner Mauer]], [[Mauerpark]], [[Berlin-Dahlem Botanical Garden and Botanical Museum|Botanical Garden]], [[French Cathedral, Berlin|Französischer Dom]], [[Deutscher Dom]] and [[Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe|Holocaust-Mahnmal]]. The largest visitor groups are from Germany, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Italy, Spain and the United States.{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}}

According to figures from the [[International Congress and Convention Association]] in 2015, Berlin became the leading organizer of conferences globally, hosting 195 international meetings.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.c-mw.net/berlin-no-1-city-germany-no-2-country-new-icca-rankings/ |title=Berlin No.1 city and Germany No.2 country in new ICCA rankings |work=C-MW.net |date=12 January 2017 |access-date=13 January 2017 |archive-date=16 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116152841/https://www.c-mw.net/berlin-no-1-city-germany-no-2-country-new-icca-rankings/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Some of these congress events take place on venues such as CityCube Berlin or the Berlin Congress Center (bcc).

The [[Messe Berlin]] (also known as Berlin ExpoCenter City) is the main convention organizing company in the city. Its main exhibition area covers more than {{convert|160000|m2|0|sp=us}}. Several large-scale trade fairs like the consumer electronics trade fair [[IFA Berlin|IFA]], where the first practical audio [[Magnetophon|tape recorder]] and the first [[Manfred von Ardenne|completely electronic television system]] were first introduced to the public,<ref>{{cite web | url =http://history.sandiego.edu/gen/recording/tape.html|  title = Magnetic Recording History Pictures | author = History Department at the University of San Diego | archiveurl =https://web.archive.org/web/20080509130422/http://history.sandiego.edu/gen/recording/tape.html | archivedate =9 May 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://mixonline.com/TECnology-Hall-of-Fame/aeg-magnetophone-recorder-090106/|title=1935 AEG Magnetophon Tape Recorder|date=1 September 2006|work=[[Mix (magazine)|Mix]]|publisher=Penton Media Inc|accessdate=18 June 2010|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130208162634/http://mixonline.com/TECnology-Hall-of-Fame/aeg-magnetophone-recorder-090106/|archivedate=8 February 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.richardhess.com/tape/history/Engel_Hammar--Magnetic_Tape_History.pdf|title=A Selected History of Magnetic Recording|last=Engel|first=Friedrich Karl|author2=Peter Hammar|date=27 August 2006|accessdate=18 June 2010|archive-date=24 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210524211321/https://www.richardhess.com/tape/history/Engel_Hammar--Magnetic_Tape_History.pdf|url-status=live}}<br />A brief history of magnetic tape from the BASF Historian and the founding curator of the Ampex museum.</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.vonardenne.biz/ja/company/history/manfred-von-ardenne/ | title=Manfred von Ardenne | access-date=8 January 2024 | archive-date=6 March 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306070250/https://www.vonardenne.biz/ja/company/history/manfred-von-ardenne/ | url-status=live }}</ref> the [[ILA Berlin Air Show]], the [[Berlin Fashion Week]] (including the ''Premium Berlin'' and the ''Panorama Berlin''),<ref>{{cite web|title=Following the Followers of Fashion|url=https://global.handelsblatt.com/companies-markets/following-the-followers-of-fashion-683735|publisher=Handelsblatt Global|access-date=21 January 2017|archive-date=18 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118155242/https://global.handelsblatt.com/companies-markets/following-the-followers-of-fashion-683735|url-status=live}}</ref> the [[Berlin International Green Week|Green Week]], the ''Fruit Logistica'', the transport fair [[InnoTrans]], the tourism fair [[ITB Berlin|ITB]] and the adult entertainment and erotic fair [[Venus Award|Venus]] are held annually in the city, attracting a significant number of business visitors.
{{Clear}}

=== Creative industries ===
{{Main list|List of films set in Berlin}}

[[File:European Film Academy - European Film Awards logo.svg|thumb|The [[European Film Academy]] (logo pictured) was founded in Berlin.]]
[[File:Postfuhramt (Berlin) -msu-2021-4274-.jpg|thumb|[[Postfuhramt]] in Berlin-Mitte, where [[Ottomar Anschütz]] held the first showing of life sized pictures in motion on 25 November 1894<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.ottomar-anschuetz.de/kino_1__vorfuehrung.htm | title=Ottomar Anschütz, Kinogeschichte, lebender Bilder, Kino, erste-Kinovorführung, Kinovorführung, Projektion, Kinoe, Bewegungsbilder }}</ref>]]

The [[Creative industries|creative arts and entertainment]] business is an important part of Berlin's economy. The sector comprises music, film, advertising, architecture, art, design, [[German fashion|fashion]], performing arts, publishing, [[research and development|R&D]], software,<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.businessweek.com/articles/2012-04-12/berlin-cracks-the-startup-code |title=Berlin Cracks the Startup Code |magazine=Businessweek |date=12 April 2012 |access-date=10 February 2013 |archive-date=30 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130130130708/https://www.businessweek.com/articles/2012-04-12/berlin-cracks-the-startup-code |url-status=dead }}</ref> TV, radio, and [[Video gaming in Germany|video games]].

In 2014, around 30,500 creative companies operated in the Berlin-Brandenburg metropolitan region, predominantly [[Small and medium-sized enterprises|SMEs]]. Generating a revenue of 15.6&nbsp;billion Euro and 6% of all private economic sales, the culture industry grew from 2009 to 2014 at an average rate of 5.5% per year.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.creative-city-berlin.de/en/good-to-know/facts-figures/ |title=Culture and Creative Industries Index Berlin-Brandenburg 2015 |publisher=Creative City Berlin |date=7 June 2015 |access-date=3 January 2016 |archive-date=23 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160123121709/https://www.creative-city-berlin.de/en/good-to-know/facts-figures/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Berlin is an important European and [[Cinema of Germany|German film industry]] hub.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theage.com.au/news/arts/walltowall-culture/2007/11/09/1194329483873.html|title=Wall-to-wall culture|work=The Age|location=Australia|date=10 November 2007|access-date=30 November 2007|archive-date=13 December 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071213082441/https://www.theage.com.au/news/arts/walltowall-culture/2007/11/09/1194329483873.html|url-status=live}}</ref> It is home to more than 1,000 film and television production companies, 270 movie theaters, and around 300 national and international co-productions are filmed in the region every year.<ref name="berlin.de"/> The historic [[Babelsberg Studios]] and the production company [[Universum Film AG|UFA]] are adjacent to Berlin in [[Potsdam]]. The city is also home of the [[Deutsche Filmakademie|German Film Academy]] (Deutsche Filmakademie), founded in 2003, and the [[European Film Academy]], founded in 1988.

=== Media ===
{{Main|Media in Berlin}}
[[File:Axel-Springer-Neubau Berlin, 1. Juli 2019 01.jpg|thumb|The new building of [[Axel Springer AG|Axel Springer SE]] which is headquartered in Berlin]]

Berlin is home to many magazine, newspaper, book, and scientific/academic publishers and their associated service industries. In addition, around 20 news agencies, more than 90 regional daily newspapers and their websites, as well as the Berlin offices of more than 22 national publications such as {{Lang|de|[[Der Spiegel]]}}, and [[Die Zeit]] reinforce the capital's position as Germany's epicenter for influential debate. Therefore, many international journalists, bloggers, and writers live and work in the city.{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}}

Berlin is the central location to several international and regional television and radio stations.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.medienboard.de/WebObjects/Medienboard.woa/wa/CMSshow/2809830 |title=Media Companies in Berlin and Potsdam |website=medienboard |access-date=19 August 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602163244/https://www.medienboard.de/WebObjects/Medienboard.woa/wa/CMSshow/2809830 |archive-date=2 June 2013}}</ref> The public broadcaster [[Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg|RBB]] has its headquarters in Berlin as well as the commercial broadcasters [[MTV Europe]] and [[Welt (German TV channel)|Welt]]. German international public broadcaster [[Deutsche Welle]] has its TV production unit in Berlin, and most national German broadcasters have a studio in the city, including [[ZDF]] and [[RTL Television|RTL]].

Berlin has Germany's largest number of daily newspapers, with numerous local [[broadsheet]]s (''[[Berliner Morgenpost]]'', ''[[Berliner Zeitung]]'', ''[[Der Tagesspiegel]]''), and three major [[Tabloid (newspaper format)|tabloids]], as well as national dailies of varying sizes, each with a different political affiliation, such as ''[[Die Welt]]'', ''[[Neues Deutschland]]'', and ''[[Die Tageszeitung]]''. ''[[The Berliner (magazine)|The Berliner]]'', a monthly magazine, is Berlin's English-language periodical and [[La Gazette de Berlin]] a French-language newspaper.{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}}

Berlin is also the headquarter of major German-language publishing houses like [[Walter de Gruyter]], [[Axel Springer AG|Springer]], the Ullstein Verlagsgruppe (publishing group), [[Suhrkamp]], and [[Cornelsen Verlag|Cornelsen]] are all based in Berlin. Each of which publishes books, periodicals, and multimedia products.{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}}