Editing Berbers (section)

=== Berberism ===
{{Main|Berberism}}
Since the 1970s,<ref name="Willis-2014">{{Cite book |last=Willis |first=Michael |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7gMqBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA214 |title=Politics and Power in the Maghreb: Algeria, Tunisia and Morocco from Independence to the Arab Spring |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2014 |isbn=978-0-19-936820-4 |pages=209–217 |language=en}}</ref>{{Rp|page=209}} a political movement, initially led by the Kabyles of Algeria, has developed among various parts of the Berber populations of North Africa to promote a collective Amazigh [[ethnic identity]].<ref name="Maddy-Weitzman-2011" /> It is variously referred to as Amazighism,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Naylor |first=Phillip C. |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=akGIpgEV-D4C&pg=PA76 |title=Historical Dictionary of Algeria |publisher=Scarecrow Press |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-8108-6480-1 |pages=76 |language=en |chapter=Amazighism}}</ref> Berberism,<ref name="Willis-2014" /> the Berber identity movement, or the Berber Culture Movement.<ref name="Maddy-Weitzman-2011" /> The movement does not have a specific organization and cuts across both modern national boundaries and traditional tribal divisions. It is generally consistent in its demands, which include greater linguistic rights for Berber languages and greater official and social recognition of Amazigh culture.<ref name="Maddy-Weitzman-2011" /> These Berberists also aimed to counter the image that Berbers were a mere collection of disparate tribes speaking mutually incomprehensible languages. They did this by introducing "Imazighen" as a collective term of self-referral and claimed that the various Berber languages once constituted a single language.<ref name="Goodman-2005" />

The political outcomes have been different in each country of the Maghreb and are shaped by other factors such as geography and socioeconomic circumstances. In Algeria, the politics of the movement were focused in Kabylie, were more overtly political, and have sometimes been confrontational. In Morocco, where Amazigh populations are spread across a wider area, the movement has been less overtly political and confrontational.<ref name="Maddy-Weitzman-2011" /><ref name="Willis-2014" />{{Rp|page=213}} In the 1990s, both states made concessions to this movement or attempted to ally itself with it, partly in response to the challenge of other political forces such as Islamism.<ref name="Willis-2014" />{{Rp|page=214}}