Editing Benign prostatic hyperplasia (section)

=== Minimally invasive procedures ===
Some less invasive procedures are available according to patients' preferences and co-morbidities. These are performed as [[outpatient procedure]]s with [[local anesthesia]].
* [[Prostatic artery embolization]]: an endovascular procedure performed in [[interventional radiology]].<ref name="pmid28032133">{{cite journal | vauthors = Kuang M, Vu A, Athreya S | title = A Systematic Review of Prostatic Artery Embolization in the Treatment of Symptomatic Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia | journal = CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology | volume = 40 | issue = 5 | pages = 655–663 | date = May 2017 | pmid = 28032133 | doi = 10.1007/s00270-016-1539-3 | s2cid = 12154537 }}</ref> Through [[catheter]]s, embolic agents are released in the main branches of the prostatic artery, in order to induce a decrease in the size of the prostate gland, thus reducing the urinary symptoms.<ref name="pmid27019980">{{cite journal | vauthors = Pisco J, Bilhim T, Pinheiro LC, Fernandes L, Pereira J, Costa NV, Duarte M, Oliveira AG | title = Prostate Embolization as an Alternative to Open Surgery in Patients with Large Prostate and Moderate to Severe Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms | journal = Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology | volume = 27 | issue = 5 | pages = 700–708 | date = May 2016 | pmid = 27019980 | doi = 10.1016/j.jvir.2016.01.138 }}</ref>
* [[Prostate steam treatment|Water vapor thermal therapy]] (marketed as Rezum): This is a newer office procedure for removing prostate tissue using steam aimed at preserving sexual function.
* [[Prostatic urethral lift]] (marketed as UroLift): This intervention consists of a system of a device and an implant designed to pull the prostatic lobe away from the urethra.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = McNicholas TA | title = Benign prostatic hyperplasia and new treatment options - a critical appraisal of the UroLift system | journal =Medical Devices: Evidence and Research   | volume = 9 | pages = 115–123 | date = May 2016 | pmid = 27274321 | pmc = 4876946 | doi = 10.2147/MDER.S60780 | doi-access = free }}</ref>
* [[Transurethral microwave thermotherapy]] (TUMT) is an outpatient procedure that is less invasive compared to surgery and involves using microwaves (heat) to shrink prostate tissue that is enlarged.<ref name="Franco_2021" />
* [[Temporary implantable nitinol device]] (TIND and {{Proper name|iTIND}}): is a device that is placed in the urethra that, when released, is expanded, reshaping the urethra and the bladder neck.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Porpiglia F, Fiori C, Bertolo R, Garrou D, Cattaneo G, Amparore D | title = Temporary implantable nitinol device (TIND): a novel, minimally invasive treatment for relief of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) related to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH): feasibility, safety and functional results at 1 year of follow-up | journal = BJU International | volume = 116 | issue = 2 | pages = 278–287 | date = August 2015 | pmid = 25382816 | doi = 10.1111/bju.12982 | hdl-access = free | s2cid = 5712711 | hdl = 2318/1623503 }}</ref>
[[File:NHS-surgeries-effectiveness.png|none|thumb|700x700px|The effectiveness of different surgeries and minimally-invasive procedures for enlarged prostate.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Gratzke C, Barber N, Speakman MJ, Berges R, Wetterauer U, Greene D, Sievert KD, Chapple CR, Patterson JM, Fahrenkrug L, Schoenthaler M, Sonksen J | title = Prostatic urethral lift vs transurethral resection of the prostate: 2-year results of the BPH6 prospective, multicentre, randomized study | journal = BJU International | volume = 119 | issue = 5 | pages = 767–775 | date = May 2017 | pmid = 27862831 | doi = 10.1111/bju.13714 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Chughtai B, Elterman D, Shore N, Gittleman M, Motola J, Pike S, Hermann C, Terrens W, Kohan A, Gonzalez RR, Katz A, Schiff J, Goldfischer E, Grunberger I, Tu LM, Alshak MN, Kaminetzky J | title = The iTind Temporarily Implanted Nitinol Device for the Treatment of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Secondary to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Trial | journal = Urology | volume = 153 | pages = 270–276 | date = July 2021 | pmid = 33373708 | doi = 10.1016/j.urology.2020.12.022 }}</ref><ref name="Gilling_2019">{{cite journal | vauthors = Gilling PJ, Barber N, Bidair M, Anderson P, Sutton M, Aho T, Kramolowsky E, Thomas A, Cowan B, Roehrborn C | title = Randomized Controlled Trial of Aquablation versus Transurethral Resection of the Prostate in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: One-year Outcomes | journal = Urology | volume = 125 | pages = 169–173 | date = March 2019 | pmid = 30552937 | doi = 10.1016/j.urology.2018.12.002 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |date=September 2021 |title=Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Surgical Therapy & New Technology II (MP09) |url=http://www.auajournals.org/doi/10.1097/JU.0000000000001982 |journal=Journal of Urology |language=en |volume=206 |issue=Supplement 3 |doi=10.1097/JU.0000000000001982 |issn=0022-5347}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Cho SY, Park S, Jeong MY, Ro YK, Son H | title = 120W GreenLight High Performance System laser for benign prostate hyperplasia: 68 patients with 3-year follow-up and analysis of predictors of response | journal = Urology | volume = 80 | issue = 2 | pages = 396–401 | date = August 2012 | pmid = 22857762 | doi = 10.1016/j.urology.2012.01.063 }}</ref><ref name="Sievert_2019">{{cite journal | vauthors = Sievert KD, Schonthaler M, Berges R, Toomey P, Drager D, Herlemann A, Miller F, Wetterauer U, Volkmer B, Gratzke C, Amend B | title = Minimally invasive prostatic urethral lift (PUL) efficacious in TURP candidates: a multicenter German evaluation after 2 years | journal = World Journal of Urology | volume = 37 | issue = 7 | pages = 1353–1360 | date = July 2019 | pmid = 30283994 | pmc = 6620255 | doi = 10.1007/s00345-018-2494-1 }}</ref><ref name="Sønksen_2015">{{cite journal | vauthors = Sønksen J, Barber NJ, Speakman MJ, Berges R, Wetterauer U, Greene D, Sievert KD, Chapple CR, Montorsi F, Patterson JM, Fahrenkrug L, Schoenthaler M, Gratzke C | title = Prospective, randomized, multinational study of prostatic urethral lift versus transurethral resection of the prostate: 12-month results from the BPH6 study | journal = European Urology | volume = 68 | issue = 4 | pages = 643–652 | date = October 2015 | pmid = 25937539 | doi = 10.1016/j.eururo.2015.04.024 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name="McVary_2016">{{cite journal | vauthors = McVary KT, Gange SN, Gittelman MC, Goldberg KA, Patel K, Shore ND, Levin RM, Rousseau M, Beahrs JR, Kaminetsky J, Cowan BE, Cantrill CH, Mynderse LA, Ulchaker JC, Larson TR, Dixon CM, Roehrborn CG | title = Minimally Invasive Prostate Convective Water Vapor Energy Ablation: A Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Study for the Treatment of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Secondary to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia | journal = The Journal of Urology | volume = 195 | issue = 5 | pages = 1529–1538 | date = May 2016 | pmid = 26614889 | doi = 10.1016/j.juro.2015.10.181 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Darson MF, Alexander EE, Schiffman ZJ, Lewitton M, Light RA, Sutton MA, Delgado-Rodriguez C, Gonzalez RR | title = Procedural techniques and multicenter postmarket experience using minimally invasive convective radiofrequency thermal therapy with Rezūm system for treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic hyperplasia | language = English | journal = Research and Reports in Urology | volume = 9 | pages = 159–168 | date = 2017-08-21 | pmid = 28861405 | pmc = 5572953 | doi = 10.2147/RRU.S143679 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |date=September 2021 |title=Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Surgical Therapy & New Technology II (MP09) |url=http://www.auajournals.org/doi/10.1097/JU.0000000000001982 |journal=Journal of Urology |language=en |volume=206 |issue=Supplement 3 |doi=10.1097/JU.0000000000001982 |issn=0022-5347}}</ref><ref name="Campobasso_2023">{{cite journal | vauthors = Campobasso D, Siena G, Chiodini P, Conti E, Franzoso F, Maruzzi D, Martinelli E, Varvello F, De Nunzio C, Autorino R, Somani BK, Ferrari G, Cindolo L | title = Composite urinary and sexual outcomes after Rezum: an analysis of predictive factors from an Italian multi-centric study | journal = Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases | volume = 26 | issue = 2 | pages = 410–414 | date = June 2023 | pmid = 36042295 | doi = 10.1038/s41391-022-00587-6 }}</ref><ref name="Bilhim_2022">{{cite journal | vauthors = Bilhim T, Costa NV, Torres D, Pinheiro LC, Spaepen E | title = Long-Term Outcome of Prostatic Artery Embolization for Patients with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Single-Centre Retrospective Study in 1072 Patients Over a 10-Year Period | journal = CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology | volume = 45 | issue = 9 | pages = 1324–1336 | date = September 2022 | pmid = 35778579 | doi = 10.1007/s00270-022-03199-8 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Pisco JM, Rio Tinto H, Campos Pinheiro L, Bilhim T, Duarte M, Fernandes L, Pereira J, Oliveira AG | title = Embolisation of prostatic arteries as treatment of moderate to severe lower urinary symptoms (LUTS) secondary to benign hyperplasia: results of short- and mid-term follow-up | journal = European Radiology | volume = 23 | issue = 9 | pages = 2561–2572 | date = September 2013 | pmid = 23370938 | doi = 10.1007/s00330-012-2714-9 | hdl = 10400.17/1192 | hdl-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Carnevale FC, Iscaife A, Yoshinaga EM, Moreira AM, Antunes AA, Srougi M | title = Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP) Versus Original and PErFecTED Prostate Artery Embolization (PAE) Due to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH): Preliminary Results of a Single Center, Prospective, Urodynamic-Controlled Analysis | journal = CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology | volume = 39 | issue = 1 | pages = 44–52 | date = January 2016 | pmid = 26506952 | doi = 10.1007/s00270-015-1202-4 }}</ref><ref name="Chughtai_2021">{{cite journal | vauthors = Chughtai B, Elterman D, Shore N, Gittleman M, Motola J, Pike S, Hermann C, Terrens W, Kohan A, Gonzalez RR, Katz A, Schiff J, Goldfischer E, Grunberger I, Tu LM, Alshak MN, Kaminetzky J | title = The iTind Temporarily Implanted Nitinol Device for the Treatment of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Secondary to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Trial | journal = Urology | volume = 153 | pages = 270–276 | date = July 2021 | pmid = 33373708 | doi = 10.1016/j.urology.2020.12.022 }}</ref><ref name="Rieken_2010">{{cite journal | vauthors = Rieken M, Ebinger Mundorff N, Bonkat G, Wyler S, Bachmann A | title = Complications of laser prostatectomy: a review of recent data | journal = World Journal of Urology | volume = 28 | issue = 1 | pages = 53–62 | date = February 2010 | pmid = 20052586 | doi = 10.1007/s00345-009-0504-z }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Kim A, Hak AJ, Choi WS, Paick SH, Kim HG, Park H | title = Comparison of Long-term Effect and Complications Between Holmium Laser Enucleation and Transurethral Resection of Prostate: Nations-Wide Health Insurance Study | journal = Urology | volume = 154 | pages = 300–307 | date = August 2021 | pmid = 33933503 | doi = 10.1016/j.urology.2021.04.019 }}</ref><ref name="Gilling_2019" /><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Al-Ansari A, Younes N, Sampige VP, Al-Rumaihi K, Ghafouri A, Gul T, Shokeir AA | title = GreenLight HPS 120-W laser vaporization versus transurethral resection of the prostate for treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a randomized clinical trial with midterm follow-up | journal = European Urology | volume = 58 | issue = 3 | pages = 349–355 | date = September 2010 | pmid = 20605316 | doi = 10.1016/j.eururo.2010.05.026 }}</ref><ref name="Thomas_2016">{{cite journal | vauthors = Thomas JA, Tubaro A, Barber N, d'Ancona F, Muir G, Witzsch U, Grimm MO, Benejam J, Stolzenburg JU, Riddick A, Pahernik S, Roelink H, Ameye F, Saussine C, Bruyère F, Loidl W, Larner T, Gogoi NK, Hindley R, Muschter R, Thorpe A, Shrotri N, Graham S, Hamann M, Miller K, Schostak M, Capitán C, Knispel H, Bachmann A | title = A Multicenter Randomized Noninferiority Trial Comparing GreenLight-XPS Laser Vaporization of the Prostate and Transurethral Resection of the Prostate for the Treatment of Benign Prostatic Obstruction: Two-yr Outcomes of the GOLIATH Study | journal = European Urology | volume = 69 | issue = 1 | pages = 94–102 | date = January 2016 | pmid = 26283011 | doi = 10.1016/j.eururo.2015.07.054 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Law KW, Tholomier C, Nguyen DD, Sadri I, Couture F, Zakaria AS, Bouhadana D, Bruyère F, Cash H, Reimann M, Cindolo L, Ferrari G, Vasquez-Lastra C, Borelli-Bovo TJ, Becher EF, Misrai V, Elterman D, Bhojani N, Zorn KC | title = Global Greenlight Group: largest international Greenlight experience for benign prostatic hyperplasia to assess efficacy and safety | journal = World Journal of Urology | volume = 39 | issue = 12 | pages = 4389–4395 | date = December 2021 | pmid = 33837819 | doi = 10.1007/s00345-021-03688-4 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Cindolo L, Ruggera L, Destefanis P, Dadone C, Ferrari G | title = Vaporize, anatomically vaporize or enucleate the prostate? The flexible use of the GreenLight laser | journal = International Urology and Nephrology | volume = 49 | issue = 3 | pages = 405–411 | date = March 2017 | pmid = 28044238 | doi = 10.1007/s11255-016-1494-6 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Calves J, Thoulouzan M, Perrouin-Verbe MA, Joulin V, Valeri A, Fournier G | title = Long-term Patient-reported Clinical Outcomes and Reoperation Rate after Photovaporization with the XPS-180W GreenLight Laser | journal = European Urology Focus | volume = 5 | issue = 4 | pages = 676–680 | date = July 2019 | pmid = 29102672 | doi = 10.1016/j.euf.2017.10.006 | url = https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03488114/file/S2405456917302432.pdf }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Ajib K, Mansour M, Zanaty M, Alnazari M, Hueber PA, Meskawi M, Valdivieso R, Tholomier C, Pradere B, Misrai V, Elterman D, Zorn KC | title = Photoselective vaporization of the prostate with the 180-W XPS-Greenlight laser: Five-year experience of safety, efficiency, and functional outcomes | journal = Canadian Urological Association Journal | volume = 12 | issue = 7 | pages = E318–E324 | date = July 2018 | pmid = 29603912 | pmc = 6118054 | doi = 10.5489/cuaj.4895 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | vauthors = Babar M, Azhar U, Loloi J, Sayed R, Labagnara K, Zhu M, Tang K, Salami A, Singh S, Ines M, Iqbal N, Ciatto M |date=April 2023 |title=MP51-13 Four-Year Rezum Outcomes in Relationship to the Number of Injections: Is the "Less Is More" Treatment Approach Durable? |url=http://www.auajournals.org/doi/10.1097/JU.0000000000003299.13 |journal=Journal of Urology |language=en |volume=209 |issue=Supplement 4 |doi=10.1097/JU.0000000000003299.13 |issn=0022-5347}}</ref><ref name="Sievert_2019" /><ref name="Roehrborn_2016">{{cite journal | vauthors = Roehrborn CG | title = Prostatic Urethral Lift: A Unique Minimally Invasive Surgical Treatment of Male Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Secondary to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia | journal = The Urologic Clinics of North America | volume = 43 | issue = 3 | pages = 357–369 | date = August 2016 | pmid = 27476128 | doi = 10.1016/j.ucl.2016.04.008 | series = Treatment of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia }}</ref><ref name="Sønksen_2015" /><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = McNicholas TA, Woo HH, Chin PT, Bolton D, Fernández Arjona M, Sievert KD, Schoenthaler M, Wetterauer U, Vrijhof EJ, Gange S, Montorsi F | title = Minimally invasive prostatic urethral lift: surgical technique and multinational experience | journal = European Urology | volume = 64 | issue = 2 | pages = 292–299 | date = August 2013 | pmid = 23357348 | doi = 10.1016/j.eururo.2013.01.008 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | vauthors = Loloi J, Wang S, Labagnara K, Plummer M, Douglass L, Watts K, Abraham N, Ohmann E |date=May 2024 |title=Predictors of reoperation after transurethral resection of the prostate in a diverse, urban academic centre |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/20514158221132102 |journal=Journal of Clinical Urology |language=en |volume=17 |issue=3 |pages=238–245 |doi=10.1177/20514158221132102 |issn=2051-4158}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Guo S, Müller G, Lehmann K, Talimi S, Bonkat G, Püschel H, Gasser T, Bachmann A, Rieken M | title = The 80-W KTP GreenLight laser vaporization of the prostate versus transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP): adjusted analysis of 5-year results of a prospective non-randomized bi-center study | journal = Lasers in Medical Science | volume = 30 | issue = 3 | pages = 1147–1151 | date = April 2015 | pmid = 25698433 | doi = 10.1007/s10103-015-1721-x }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Kim A, Hak AJ, Choi WS, Paick SH, Kim HG, Park H | title = Comparison of Long-term Effect and Complications Between Holmium Laser Enucleation and Transurethral Resection of Prostate: Nations-Wide Health Insurance Study | journal = Urology | volume = 154 | pages = 300–307 | date = August 2021 | pmid = 33933503 | doi = 10.1016/j.urology.2021.04.019 }}</ref><ref name="Bilhim_2022" /><ref name="Ray_2018">{{cite journal | vauthors = Ray AF, Powell J, Speakman MJ, Longford NT, DasGupta R, Bryant T, Modi S, Dyer J, Harris M, Carolan-Rees G, Hacking N | title = Efficacy and safety of prostate artery embolization for benign prostatic hyperplasia: an observational study and propensity-matched comparison with transurethral resection of the prostate (the UK-ROPE study) | journal = BJU International | volume = 122 | issue = 2 | pages = 270–282 | date = August 2018 | pmid = 29645352 | doi = 10.1111/bju.14249 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name="Pisco_2013">{{cite journal | vauthors = Pisco JM, Rio Tinto H, Campos Pinheiro L, Bilhim T, Duarte M, Fernandes L, Pereira J, Oliveira AG | title = Embolisation of prostatic arteries as treatment of moderate to severe lower urinary symptoms (LUTS) secondary to benign hyperplasia: results of short- and mid-term follow-up | journal = European Radiology | volume = 23 | issue = 9 | pages = 2561–2572 | date = September 2013 | pmid = 23370938 | doi = 10.1007/s00330-012-2714-9 | hdl = 10400.17/1192 | hdl-access = free }}</ref> Graphic from NHS England.<ref name="www.england.nhs.uk" />]]
[[File:NHS-surgeries-effectiveness2.png|none|thumb|700x700px|The outcomes from different surgeries and minimally-invasive procedures for enlarged prostate.Graphic from NHS England.<ref name="www.england.nhs.uk" />]]
[[File:NHS-surgeries-sideeffects.png|none|thumb|800x800px|Frequencies of side-effects from different surgeries and minimally-invasive procedures for enlarged prostate.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Knight L, Dale M, Cleves A, Pelekanou C, Morris R | title = UroLift for Treating Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A NICE Medical Technology Guidance Update | journal = Applied Health Economics and Health Policy | volume = 20 | issue = 5 | pages = 669–680 | date = September 2022 | pmid = 35843995 | pmc = 9385790 | doi = 10.1007/s40258-022-00735-y }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-05-23 |title=Evidence {{!}} Lower urinary tract symptoms in men: management {{!}} Guidance {{!}} NICE |url=https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg97/evidence |access-date=2024-09-08 |website=www.nice.org.uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Cacciamani GE, Cuhna F, Tafuri A, Shakir A, Cocci A, Gill K, Gómez Rivas J, Dourado A, Veneziano D, Okhunov Z, Capogrosso P, Hueber PA, Alberseen M, Abreu A, Migliorini F, Fiori C, Porcaro AB, Porpiglia F, Desai M, Russo GI | title = Anterograde ejaculation preservation after endoscopic treatments in patients with bladder outlet obstruction: systematic review and pooled-analysis of randomized clinical trials | journal = Minerva Urologica e Nefrologica = the Italian Journal of Urology and Nephrology | volume = 71 | issue = 5 | pages = 427–434 | date = October 2019 | pmid = 31487977 | doi = 10.23736/s0393-2249.19.03588-4 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Lokeshwar SD, Valancy D, Lima TF, Blachman-Braun R, Ramasamy R | title = A Systematic Review of Reported Ejaculatory Dysfunction in Clinical Trials Evaluating Minimally Invasive Treatment Modalities for BPH | journal = Current Urology Reports | volume = 21 | issue = 12 | pages = 54 | date = October 2020 | pmid = 33104947 | doi = 10.1007/s11934-020-01012-y }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Calik G, Laguna MP, Gravas S, Albayrak S, de la Rosette J | title = Preservation of antegrade ejaculation after surgical relief of benign prostatic obstruction is a valid endpoint | journal = World Journal of Urology | volume = 39 | issue = 7 | pages = 2277–2289 | date = July 2021 | pmid = 33796882 | doi = 10.1007/s00345-021-03682-w }}</ref><ref name="Gilling_2019" /><ref name="Thomas_2016" /><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Kuntz RM, Ahyai S, Lehrich K, Fayad A | title = Transurethral holmium laser enucleation of the prostate versus transurethral electrocautery resection of the prostate: a randomized prospective trial in 200 patients | journal = The Journal of Urology | volume = 172 | issue = 3 | pages = 1012–1016 | date = September 2004 | pmid = 15311026 | doi = 10.1097/01.ju.0000136218.11998.9e }}</ref><ref name="Sønksen_2015" /><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Capitán C, Blázquez C, Martin MD, Hernández V, de la Peña E, Llorente C | title = GreenLight HPS 120-W laser vaporization versus transurethral resection of the prostate for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic hyperplasia: a randomized clinical trial with 2-year follow-up | journal = European Urology | volume = 60 | issue = 4 | pages = 734–739 | date = October 2011 | pmid = 21658839 | doi = 10.1016/j.eururo.2011.05.043 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Ghobrial FK, Shoma A, Elshal AM, Laymon M, El-Tabey N, Nabeeh A, Shokeir AA | title = A randomized trial comparing bipolar transurethral vaporization of the prostate with GreenLight laser (xps-180watt) photoselective vaporization of the prostate for treatment of small to moderate benign prostatic obstruction: outcomes after 2 years | journal = BJU International | volume = 125 | issue = 1 | pages = 144–152 | date = January 2020 | pmid = 31621175 | doi = 10.1111/bju.14926 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Krambeck AE, Handa SE, Lingeman JE | title = Experience with more than 1,000 holmium laser prostate enucleations for benign prostatic hyperplasia | journal = The Journal of Urology | volume = 183 | issue = 3 | pages = 1105–1109 | date = March 2010 | pmid = 20092844 | doi = 10.1016/j.juro.2009.11.034 }}</ref><ref name="Rieken_2010" /><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Elshal AM, Soltan M, El-Tabey NA, Laymon M, Nabeeh A | title = Randomised trial of bipolar resection vs holmium laser enucleation vs Greenlight laser vapo-enucleation of the prostate for treatment of large benign prostate obstruction: 3-years outcomes | journal = BJU International | volume = 126 | issue = 6 | pages = 731–738 | date = December 2020 | pmid = 32633020 | doi = 10.1111/bju.15161 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Geavlete B, Georgescu D, Multescu R, Stanescu F, Jecu M, Geavlete P | title = Bipolar plasma vaporization vs monopolar and bipolar TURP-A prospective, randomized, long-term comparison | journal = Urology | volume = 78 | issue = 4 | pages = 930–935 | date = October 2011 | pmid = 21802121 | doi = 10.1016/j.urology.2011.03.072 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Rai P, Srivastava A, Dhayal IR, Singh S | title = Comparison of Safety, Efficacy and Cost Effectiveness of Photoselective Vaporization with Bipolar Vaporization of Prostate in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia | language = en-US | journal = Current Urology | volume = 11 | issue = 2 | pages = 103–109 | date = February 2018 | pmid = 29593470 | pmc = 5836246 | doi = 10.1159/000447202 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Law KW, Tholomier C, Nguyen DD, Sadri I, Couture F, Zakaria AS, Bouhadana D, Bruyère F, Cash H, Reimann M, Cindolo L, Ferrari G, Vasquez-Lastra C, Borelli-Bovo TJ, Becher EF, Misrai V, Elterman D, Bhojani N, Zorn KC | title = Global Greenlight Group: largest international Greenlight experience for benign prostatic hyperplasia to assess efficacy and safety | journal = World Journal of Urology | volume = 39 | issue = 12 | pages = 4389–4395 | date = December 2021 | pmid = 33837819 | doi = 10.1007/s00345-021-03688-4 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Bachmann A, Tubaro A, Barber N, d'Ancona F, Muir G, Witzsch U, Grimm MO, Benejam J, Stolzenburg JU, Riddick A, Pahernik S, Roelink H, Ameye F, Saussine C, Bruyère F, Loidl W, Larner T, Gogoi NK, Hindley R, Muschter R, Thorpe A, Shrotri N, Graham S, Hamann M, Miller K, Schostak M, Capitán C, Knispel H, Thomas JA | title = 180-W XPS GreenLight laser vaporisation versus transurethral resection of the prostate for the treatment of benign prostatic obstruction: 6-month safety and efficacy results of a European Multicentre Randomised Trial--the GOLIATH study | journal = European Urology | volume = 65 | issue = 5 | pages = 931–942 | date = May 2014 | pmid = 24331152 | doi = 10.1016/j.eururo.2013.10.040 }}</ref><ref name="Roehrborn_2016" /><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Gratzke C, Barber N, Speakman MJ, Berges R, Wetterauer U, Greene D, Sievert KD, Chapple CR, Patterson JM, Fahrenkrug L, Schoenthaler M, Sonksen J | title = Prostatic urethral lift vs transurethral resection of the prostate: 2-year results of the BPH6 prospective, multicentre, randomized study | journal = BJU International | volume = 119 | issue = 5 | pages = 767–775 | date = May 2017 | pmid = 27862831 | doi = 10.1111/bju.13714 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Gao YA, Huang Y, Zhang R, Yang YD, Zhang Q, Hou M, Wang Y | title = Benign prostatic hyperplasia: prostatic arterial embolization versus transurethral resection of the prostate--a prospective, randomized, and controlled clinical trial | journal = Radiology | volume = 270 | issue = 3 | pages = 920–928 | date = March 2014 | pmid = 24475799 | doi = 10.1148/radiol.13122803 }}</ref><ref name="Campobasso_2023" /><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Dixon C, Cedano ER, Pacik D, Vit V, Varga G, Wagrell L, Tornblom M, Mynderse L, Larson T | title = Efficacy and Safety of Rezūm System Water Vapor Treatment for Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Secondary to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia | journal = Urology | volume = 86 | issue = 5 | pages = 1042–1047 | date = November 2015 | pmid = 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Graphic from NHS England.<ref>{{Cite web |title=NHS England » Decision support tool: making a decision about enlarged prostate (BPE) |url=https://www.england.nhs.uk/publication/decision-support-tool-making-a-decision-about-enlarged-prostate-bpe/ |access-date=2024-09-08 |website=www.england.nhs.uk}}</ref>]]