Editing Beer (section)

==Chemistry==
{{main|Beer chemistry}}
[[File:Fluorescence in beer @ 450nm illumination.jpg|thumb|Organic [[aromatic acid]]s found naturally in beer, such as [[tryptophan]], [[tyrosine]], and [[phenylalanine]], absorb blue light and [[fluorescence|fluoresce]] in green under 450 nm laser light.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Dramićanin |first1=Tatjana |last2=Zeković |first2=Ivana |last3=Periša |first3=Jovana |last4=Dramićanin |first4=Miroslav D. |date=8 August 2019 |title=The parallel factor analysis of beer fluorescence |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10895-019-02421-0 |journal=Journal of Fluorescence |volume=29 |issue=5 |pages=1103–1111 |doi=10.1007/s10895-019-02421-0 |pmid=31396828 |s2cid=199507550 |via=springer.com}}</ref>]]
Beer contains the phenolic acids [[4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid]], [[vanillic acid]], [[caffeic acid]], [[syringic acid]], [[p-Coumaric acid|''p''-coumaric acid]], [[ferulic acid]], and [[sinapic acid]]. [[Alkaline hydrolysis]] experiments show that most of the phenolic acids are present as bound forms and only a small portion can be detected as free compounds.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Nardini |first1=M. |year=2004 |title=Determination of free and bound phenolic acids in beer |journal=Food Chemistry |volume=84 |pages=137–143 |doi=10.1016/S0308-8146(03)00257-7}}</ref> [[Hops]], and beer made with it, contain [[8-prenylnaringenin]] which is a potent [[phytoestrogen]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Nikolic |first1=D. |last2=Li |first2=Y. |last3=Chadwick |first3=L.R. |last4=Grubjesic |first4=S. |last5=Schwab |first5=P. |last6=Metz |first6=P. |last7=van&nbsp;Breemen |first7=R.B. |year=2004 |title=Metabolism of 8-prenylnaringenin, a potent phytoestrogen from hops (Humulus lupulus), by human liver microsomes |journal=Drug Metabolism and Disposition |volume=32 |issue=2 |pages=272–279 |doi=10.1124/dmd.32.2.272 |pmid=14744951 |s2cid=17486431}}</ref> Hop also contains [[myrcene]], [[humulene]], [[xanthohumol]], [[isoxanthohumol]], [[myrcenol]], [[linalool]], tannins, and [[resin]]. The alcohol [[2-Methyl-2-butanol|2M2B]] is a component of hops brewing.<ref name="Herb2K">{{cite web |title=Hops: Humulus lupulus |url=http://www.herbs2000.com/herbs/herbs_hops.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090215172952/http://www.herbs2000.com/herbs/herbs_hops.htm |archive-date=15 February 2009 |access-date=14 February 2009 |website=herbs2000.com}}</ref>

Barley, in the form of malt, brings the condensed [[tannin]]s [[prodelphinidin B3|prodelphinidins B3]], [[Prodelphinidin B9|B9]] and [[Prodelphinidin C2|C2]] into beer. [[Tryptophol]], [[tyrosol]], and [[phenethyl alcohol|phenylethanol]] are aromatic higher alcohols ([[congener (alcohol)|congeners]]) produced by yeast during the brewing process.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Szlavko |first1=Clara M. |year=1973 |title=Tryptophol, tyrosol, and phenylethanol - the aromatic higher alcohols in beer |journal=Journal of the Institute of Brewing |volume=79 |issue=4 |pages=283–288 |doi=10.1002/j.2050-0416.1973.tb03541.x |doi-access=free}}</ref> as secondary products of [[alcoholic fermentation]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ribéreau-Gayon |first1=P. |last2=Sapis |first2=J.C. |year=1965 |title=On the presence in wine of tyrosol, tryptophol, phenylethyl alcohol and gamma-butyrolactone, secondary products of alcoholic fermentation |journal=Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences |series=Série D |volume=261 |issue=8 |pages=1915–1916 |pmid=4954284 |language=fr}}
</ref>

=== Nutrition ===

Beers vary in their nutritional content.<ref name="Sugar">{{cite web |first=Jenny |last=Sugar |url=http://www.fitsugar.com/Calories-Popular-Beers-1504697 |title=Calories in Popular Beers |publisher=Fitsugar.com |date=25 October 2013 |access-date=10 October 2013 |archive-date=20 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140820153709/http://www.fitsugar.com/Calories-Popular-Beers-1504697 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The ingredients used to make beer, including the [[Yeast#Beer|yeast]], provide a rich source of nutrients; therefore beer may contain nutrients including [[magnesium]], [[selenium]], [[potassium]], [[phosphorus]], [[biotin]], [[chromium]] and [[B vitamins]]. Beer is sometimes referred to as "liquid [[bread]]",<ref>{{cite conference |first=Charles W. |last=Bamforth |title=Beer as liquid bread: Overlapping science. |book-title=World Grains Summit 2006: Foods and Beverages |date=17–20 September 2006 |location=San Francisco, California |url=http://www.aaccnet.org/meetings/Documents/Pre2009Abstracts/2006Abstracts/O-76.htm |access-date=6 November 2006 |archive-date=17 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131217052902/http://www.aaccnet.org/meetings/Documents/Pre2009Abstracts/2006Abstracts/O-76.htm |url-status=dead}}</ref> though beer is not a meal in itself.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eHArQOTf_WQC&pg=PA137 |page=137 |title=Beer: Health and Nutrition |first=Charles W. |last=Bamforth |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |date=15 April 2008 |isbn=978-1405147972}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|+ '''Nutrition from different beers<br/>(serving size: 12 oz./355 ml)'''
|-
! Beer Brand !! Carbohydrate <br/> (g) !! Alcohol <br/> (%) !! Energy <br/> (kcal) 
|-
| [[Anheuser-Busch brands#Budweiser Select 55|Budweiser Select 55]] || 1.8 || 2.4 || 55 
|-
| [[Coors Light]] || 5 || 4.2 || 102 
|-
| [[Guinness]] Draught || 10 || 4.0 || 126 
|-
| [[Sierra Nevada Brewing Company|Sierra Nevada]] Bigfoot || 30.3 || 9.6 || 330 
|}