Editing Bede (section)

== Veneration ==
[[File:Depiction of St. Bede the Venerable (at St. Bede's school, Chennai) - Image has been cropped for better presentation.jpg|thumb|upright|Bede depicted at [[St. Bede's Anglo Indian Higher Secondary School|St Bede's School]], Chennai]]

There is no evidence for cult being paid to Bede in England in the 8th century. One reason for this may be that he died on the feast day of [[Augustine of Canterbury]]. Later, when he was [[veneration|venerated]] in England, he was either commemorated after Augustine on 26 May, or his feast was moved to 27 May. However, he was venerated outside England, mainly through the efforts of [[Saint Boniface|Boniface]] and [[Alcuin]], both of whom promoted the cult on the continent. Boniface wrote repeatedly back to England during his missionary efforts, requesting copies of Bede's theological works.<ref name="Ward136">{{harvnb|Ward|1990| pp=136–138}}</ref>

Alcuin, who was taught at the school set up in York by Bede's pupil Ecgbert, praised Bede as an example for monks to follow and was instrumental in disseminating Bede's works to all of Alcuin's friends.<ref name="Ward136"/> Bede's cult became prominent in England during the 10th-century revival of monasticism and by the 14th century had spread to many of the cathedrals of England. [[Wulfstan (Bishop of Worcester)|Wulfstan, Bishop of Worcester]] was a particular devotee of Bede's, dedicating a church to him in 1062, which was Wulfstan's first undertaking after his consecration as bishop.<ref name="Ward139">{{harvnb|Ward|1990| p=139}}</ref>

His body was '[[translation (relic)|translated]]' (the ecclesiastical term for relocation of relics) from Jarrow to Durham Cathedral around 1020, where it was placed in the same tomb with St Cuthbert. Later Bede's remains were moved to a shrine in the Galilee Chapel at [[Durham Cathedral]] in 1370. The shrine was destroyed during the [[English Reformation]], but the bones were reburied in the chapel. In 1831 the bones were dug up and then reburied in a new tomb, which is still there.<ref name="Companion4pic">{{harvnb|Wright|2008|p=4 (caption)}}</ref> Other [[relic]]s were claimed by [[York Minster|York]], [[Glastonbury Abbey|Glastonbury]]<ref name="Farmer2004p47-48" /> and [[Fulda]].<ref name="Reread24">{{harvnb|Higham|2006|p=24}}</ref>

His scholarship and importance to Catholicism were recognised in 1899 when the Vatican declared him a [[Doctor of the Church]].<ref name="ODNB" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vatican.va/archive/ass/documents/ASS-32-1899-900-ocr.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150621175756/http://www.vatican.va/archive/ass/documents/ASS-32-1899-900-ocr.pdf |archive-date=21 June 2015 |url-status=live|year=1899|title=Acta Sanctae Sedis|volume=XXXII|publisher=Vatican|pages=358–359|language=Latin}}</ref> He is the only Englishman named a Doctor of the Church.<ref name="SHMI" /><ref name="Companion4" /> He is also the only Englishman in [[Dante Alighieri|Dante]]'s ''[[Paradiso (Dante)|Paradise]]'' (''[[Paradiso (Dante)|Paradiso]]'' X.130), mentioned among theologians and doctors of the church in the same canto as [[Isidore of Seville]] and the Scot [[Richard of St Victor]].

His feast day was included in the [[General Roman Calendar]] in 1899, for celebration on 27 May rather than on his date of death, 26 May, which was then the feast day of [[St Augustine of Canterbury]]. He is venerated in the Catholic Church,<ref name="Companion4" /> in the [[Calendar of saints (Church of England)|Church of England]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Calendar|url=https://www.churchofengland.org/prayer-and-worship/worship-texts-and-resources/common-worship/churchs-year/calendar|access-date=27 March 2021|website=The Church of England|language=en}}</ref> and in the [[Calendar of saints (Episcopal Church)|Episcopal Church (United States)]]<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bEq7DwAAQBAJ |title=Lesser Feasts and Fasts 2018 |date=17 December 2019 |publisher=Church Publishing, Inc. |isbn=978-1-64065-235-4 |language=en}}</ref> on 25 May, and in the Eastern Orthodox Church, with a feast day on 27 May (Βεδέα του Ομολογητού).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oca.org/saints/lives/2014/05/27/103796-venerable-bede-the-church-historian|title=Venerable Bede, the Church Historian|website=www.oca.org}}</ref>

Bede became known as ''[[Venerable]] Bede'' (Latin: {{Lang|la|Beda Venerabilis}}) by the 9th century<ref name="Companion3">{{harvnb|Wright|2008|p=3}}</ref> because of his holiness,<ref name="SHMI" /> but this was not linked to consideration for [[Canonization|sainthood]] by the Catholic Church. According to a legend, the epithet was miraculously supplied by angels, thus completing his unfinished epitaph.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02384a.htm|title=Catholic Encyclopedia: The Venerable Bede|website=New Advent }}</ref>{{efn|The legend tells that the monk engraving the tomb was stuck for an epithet.  He had got as far as {{Lang|la|Hac sunt in fossa Bedae ... ossa}} ("Here in this grave are the bones of ... Bede") before heading off to bed.  In the morning an angel had inserted the word {{Lang|la|venerabilis}}.}} It is first utilised in connection with Bede in the 9th century, where Bede was grouped with others who were called "venerable" at two ecclesiastical councils held at Aachen in 816 and 836. [[Paul the Deacon]] then referred to him as venerable consistently. By the 11th and 12th century, it had become commonplace.<ref name="Reread9">{{harvnb|Higham|2006|pp=9–10}}</ref>

===Modern legacy===
[[File:Nuremberg Chronicle Venerable Bede.jpg|thumb|upright|A depiction of the Venerable Bede (on CLVIIIv) from the ''[[Nuremberg Chronicle]]'', 1493]]Bede's reputation as a historian, based mostly on the ''Historia Ecclesiastica'', remains strong.<ref name="Stenton_187" /><ref name="Worm29" /> [[Thomas Carlyle]] called him "the greatest historical writer since [[Herodotus]]".<ref>Adrian, Arthur A. "[http://www.jstor.org/stable/3825516 Dean Stanley's Report of Conversations with Carlyle]". ''Victorian Studies'', vol. 1, no. 1, Indiana University Press, 1957, pp. 72–74.</ref> [[Walter Goffart]] says of Bede that he "holds a privileged and unrivalled place among first historians of Christian Europe".<ref name="Nar236">{{harvnb|Goffart|1988|p=236}}</ref> He is patron of [[Beda College]] in Rome which prepares older men for the Catholic priesthood. His life and work have been celebrated with the annual Jarrow Lecture, held at [[St Paul's Church, Jarrow]], since 1958.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stpaulschurchjarrow.com/index.php?p=1_9_The-Jarrow-Lecture|title=The jarrow lecture|publisher=stpaulschurchjarrow.com|access-date=4 October 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080914035758/http://www.stpaulschurchjarrow.com/index.php?p=1_9_The-Jarrow-Lecture|archive-date=14 September 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[Jarrow Hall (museum)|Jarrow Hall]] (formerly Bede's World), in Jarrow, is a museum that documents the history of Bede and other parts of English heritage, on the site where he lived.

[[Bede Metro station]], part of the Tyne and Wear Metro light rail network, is named after him.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bede Metro Station {{!}} Co-Curate |url=https://co-curate.ncl.ac.uk/bede-metro-station/ |access-date=16 July 2023 |website=co-curate.ncl.ac.uk}}</ref>