Editing Adenosine triphosphate (section)

===Extracellular signalling and neurotransmission===
Cells secrete ATP to communicate with other cells in a process called [[purinergic signalling]]. ATP serves as a [[neurotransmitter]] in many parts of the nervous system, modulates ciliary beating, affects vascular oxygen supply etc.  ATP is either secreted directly across the cell membrane through channel proteins<ref name="RomanovLasher2018">{{cite journal|last1=Romanov|first1=Roman A.|last2=Lasher|first2=Robert S.|last3=High|first3=Brigit|last4=Savidge|first4=Logan E.|last5=Lawson|first5=Adam|last6=Rogachevskaja|first6=Olga A.|last7=Zhao|first7=Haitian|last8=Rogachevsky|first8=Vadim V.|last9=Bystrova|first9=Marina F.|last10=Churbanov|first10=Gleb D.|last11=Adameyko|first11=Igor|last12=Harkany|first12=Tibor|last13=Yang|first13=Ruibiao|last14=Kidd|first14=Grahame J.|last15=Marambaud|first15=Philippe|last16=Kinnamon|first16=John C.|last17=Kolesnikov|first17=Stanislav S.|last18=Finger|first18=Thomas E.|title=Chemical synapses without synaptic vesicles: Purinergic neurotransmission through a CALHM1 channel-mitochondrial signaling complex|journal=Science Signaling|volume=11|issue=529|year=2018|pages=eaao1815|issn=1945-0877|doi=10.1126/scisignal.aao1815|pmid=29739879|pmc=5966022}}</ref><ref name="Dahl2015">{{cite journal|last1=Dahl|first1=Gerhard|title=ATP release through pannexon channels|journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences|volume=370|issue=1672|year=2015|pages=20140191|issn=0962-8436|doi=10.1098/rstb.2014.0191|pmid=26009770|pmc=4455760}}</ref> or is pumped into vesicles<ref name="LarssonSawada2012">{{cite journal|last1=Larsson|first1=Max|last2=Sawada|first2=Keisuke|last3=Morland|first3=Cecilie|last4=Hiasa|first4=Miki|last5=Ormel|first5=Lasse|last6=Moriyama|first6=Yoshinori|last7=Gundersen|first7=Vidar|title=Functional and Anatomical Identification of a Vesicular Transporter Mediating Neuronal ATP Release|journal=Cerebral Cortex|volume=22|issue=5|year=2012|pages=1203–1214|issn=1460-2199|doi=10.1093/cercor/bhr203|pmid=21810784|doi-access=free}}</ref> which then [[exocytosis|fuse]] with the membrane. Cells detect ATP using the [[purinergic receptor]] proteins [[P2X purinoreceptor|P2X]] and [[P2Y receptor|P2Y]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Puchałowicz |first1=Kamila |last2=Tarnowski |first2=Maciej |last3=Baranowska-Bosiacka |first3=Irena |last4=Chlubek |first4=Dariusz |last5=Dziedziejko |first5=Violetta |date=2014-12-18 |title=P2X and P2Y Receptors—Role in the Pathophysiology of the Nervous System |journal=International Journal of Molecular Sciences |volume=15 |issue=12 |pages=23672–23704 |doi=10.3390/ijms151223672 |doi-access=free |issn=1422-0067 |pmc=4284787 |pmid=25530618}}</ref> ATP has been shown to be a critically important signalling molecule for [[microglia]] - [[neuron]] interactions in the adult brain,<ref>{{cite journal | url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aax6752 | doi=10.1126/science.aax6752   | title=Microglia monitor and protect neuronal function through specialized somatic purinergic junctions | date=2020 | last1=Csaba | first1=Cserep | last2=Balazs | first2=Pósfai | journal=Science | volume=367 | issue=6477 | pages=528–537 | pmid= 31831638 | bibcode=2020Sci...367..528C }}</ref> as well as during brain development.<ref>{{cite journal | doi=10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111369    | title=Microglial control of neuronal development via somatic purinergic junctions | date=2022 | last1=Csaba | first1=Cserep | last2=Anett | first2=Schwarcz D | journal=Cell Reports | volume=40 | issue=12 | pmid=36130488  | pmc=9513806 }}</ref> Furthermore, tissue-injury induced ATP-signalling is a major factor in rapid microglial phenotype changes.<ref>{{cite journal | doi= 10.1038/s41467-024-49773-1  | title=Microglia contribute to neuronal synchrony despite endogenous ATP-related phenotypic transformation in acute mouse brain slices | date=2024 | last1=Peter | first1=Berki | last2=Csaba | first2=Cserep | last3=Zsuzsanna | first3=Környei | journal=Nature Communications | volume= 15 | issue= 1 | page= 5402 | pmid= 38926390 | pmc=11208608 | bibcode= 2024NatCo..15.5402B }}</ref>