Editing Zhejiang (section)

== Religion ==
{{Pie chart
|caption = Religion in Zhejiang<ref name="Wang2015">China General Social Survey 2009, Chinese Spiritual Life Survey (CSLS) 2007. Report by: [https://baylor-ir.tdl.org/baylor-ir/bitstream/handle/2104/9326/WANG-THESIS-2015.pdf?sequence=1 Xiuhua Wang (2015, p.&nbsp;15)]. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925123928/https://baylor-ir.tdl.org/baylor-ir/bitstream/handle/2104/9326/WANG-THESIS-2015.pdf?sequence=1 |date=September 25, 2015}}</ref>{{NoteTag|The data was collected by the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) of 2009 and by the Chinese Spiritual Life Survey (CSLS) of 2007, reported and assembled by Xiuhua Wang (2015)<ref name="Wang2015" /> in order to confront the proportion of people identifying with two similar social structures: ① Christian churches, and ② the traditional Chinese religion of the lineage (i.e. people believing and worshipping ancestral deities often organised into [[Chinese lineage associations|lineage "churches"]] and [[ancestral shrine]]s). Data for other religions with a significant presence in China (deity cults, Buddhism, Taoism, folk religious sects, Islam, et al.) was not reported by Wang.}}
|label1 = Not religious / [[Chinese folk religion]] / [[Buddhism]] / [[Taoism]] / [[Confucianism]] / [[Chinese salvationist religions|folk sects]]{{NoteTag|May also include a tiny number of [[Muslims]].}}
|value1 = 74.36
|color1 = #C00000
|label2 = [[Chinese ancestral religion]]
|value2 = 23.02
|color2 = DarkSlateBlue
|label3 = [[Christianity]]
|value3 = 2.62
|color3 = DodgerBlue
}}
The predominant religions in Zhejiang are [[Chinese folk religion]]s, [[Taoism|Taoist traditions]] and [[Chinese Buddhism]]. According to surveys conducted in 2007 and 2009, 23.02% of the population believes and is involved in [[Chinese ancestral religion|ancestor veneration]], while 2.62% of the population identifies as Christian, decreasing from 3.92% in 2004.<ref name="Wang2015"/> The reports did not give figures for other types of religion; 74.36% of the population may be either irreligious or involved in [[Chinese folk religion|worship of nature deities]], Buddhism, [[Confucianism]], Taoism, [[Chinese salvationist religions|folk religious sects]]. As of the mid-2010s, Zhejiang has 34,880 registered folk religious temples greater than 20 sqm and 10,000 registered places of worship of the [[religion in China|five doctrines]] (Buddhism, Taoism, Catholicism, Protestantism, Islam).<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/book/2017-01/03/c_129429866.htm |script-title=zh:“正名”后的民间信仰 浙江新制度共创社会文化效益 |work=[[Xinhua News Agency|Xinhua]] |date=2017-01-03 |access-date=2017-04-27 |archive-date=27 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170427113232/http://news.xinhuanet.com/book/2017-01/03/c_129429866.htm |url-status=bot: unknown }}.</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Chen |first1=Jinguo |last2=Lin |first2=Minxia |url=http://www.gooread.com/article/20120526871/ |script-title=zh:如何走向“善治”：浙江省民間信仰“社會治理”轉型的反思 |editor-last1=Qiu |editor-first1=Yonghui |work=Chinese Religion Report - Religion Blue Book - 2015 Edition |publisher=Social Science Literature Publishing House |year=2016 |access-date=27 April 2017 |archive-date=27 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170427113937/http://www.gooread.com/article/20120526871/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="CZ20172">{{cite journal |last=Wenzel-Teuber |first=Katharina |title=Statistics on Religions and Churches in the People's Republic of China – Update for the Year 2016 |journal=Religions & Christianity in Today's China |volume=VII |number=2 |pages=26–53 |url=http://www.china-zentrum.de/fileadmin/downloads/rctc/2017-2/RCTC_2017-2.26-53_Wenzel-Teuber__Statistics_on_Religions_and_Churches_in_the_PRC_%E2%80%93_Update_for_the_Year_2016.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170722112103/http://www.china-zentrum.de/fileadmin/downloads/rctc/2017-2/RCTC_2017-2.26-53_Wenzel-Teuber__Statistics_on_Religions_and_Churches_in_the_PRC_%E2%80%93_Update_for_the_Year_2016.pdf |archive-date=22 July 2017}}</ref>{{rp|35}}

In mid-2015 the government of Zhejiang recognised folk religion as "civil religion" beginning the formal registration of the province's folk religious temples under the aegis of the provincial Bureau of Folk Faith.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://zjnews.zjol.com.cn/system/2015/04/16/020605163.shtml|script-title=zh:浙江省启动民间信仰活动场所登记编号 昨颁首张证书|trans-title=Zhejiang started yesterday to award registration certificates to folk religious activities|publisher=Zhejiang News|date=2015-04-16|access-date=19 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170427121833/http://zjnews.zjol.com.cn/system/2015/04/16/020605163.shtml|archive-date=27 April 2017|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> [[Buddhism]] has an important presence since its arrival in Zhejiang 1,800 years ago.<ref name="zjsmzw presentation">{{cite web|url=http://www.zjsmzw.gov.cn/Public/NewsInfo.aspx?type=5&id=94faf4c5-8838-4254-b8e4-ff20a136f857|script-title=zh:浙江省宗教概况|script-website=zh:浙江省民族宗教事务委员会access-date=29 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141229105517/http://www.zjsmzw.gov.cn/Public/NewsInfo.aspx?type=5&id=94faf4c5-8838-4254-b8e4-ff20a136f857|archive-date=29 December 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Catholicism]] arrived 400 years ago in the province and [[Protestantism]] 150 years ago.<ref name="zjsmzw presentation"/> Zhejiang is one of the provinces of China with the largest concentrations of Protestants, especially notable in the city of [[Wenzhou]].<ref>Nanlai Cao. ''Constructing China's Jerusalem: Christians, Power and Place in the City of Wenzhou''. Stanford, Stanford University Press, 2010, 232 pp., Chapter One</ref> In 1999, Zhejiang's Protestant population comprised 2.8% of the provincial population, a small percentage but higher than the national average.<ref>Statistics for the Protestant Church: China, Chinese Theological Review, 14, p. 154.</ref>

The rapid development of religions in Zhejiang has driven the local committee of ethnic and religious affairs to enact policies to rationalise them<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.zjsmzw.gov.cn/Public/NewsInfo.aspx?type=1&id=19ddc8ee-ea47-407b-80cf-bce5008331ee|script-title=zh:冯志礼主任动员我省基督教界支持参与"三改一拆"行动|script-website=zh:浙江省民族宗教事务委员会|access-date=5 September 2014|archive-date=25 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141225200431/http://www.zjsmzw.gov.cn/Public/NewsInfo.aspx?type=1&id=19ddc8ee-ea47-407b-80cf-bce5008331ee|url-status=dead}}</ref> in 2014, variously named "Three Remodelings and One Demolition" operations or "Special Treatment Work on Illegally Constructed Sites of Religious and Folk Religion Activities" according to the locality.<ref>[http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-113hhrg89906/pdf/CHRG-113hhrg89906.pdf Congressional-Executive Commission on China's Annual Report 2014] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141031192216/http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-113hhrg89906/pdf/CHRG-113hhrg89906.pdf |date=31 October 2014 }}. p. 221</ref> These regulations have led to cases of demolition of churches and folk religion temples or the removal of crosses from churches' roofs and spires.<ref>Congressional-Executive Commission on China: [http://www.cecc.gov/publications/commission-analysis/zhejiang-government-launches-demolition-campaign-targets-christian Zhejiang Government Launches Demolition Campaign, Targets Christian Churches] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918225804/http://www.cecc.gov/publications/commission-analysis/zhejiang-government-launches-demolition-campaign-targets-christian |date=18 September 2014 }}.</ref> An exemplary case was that of the [[Sanjiang Church]].<ref>{{Cite news|agency=Agence France-Presse|date=2014-04-28|title=China begins demolition of 'oversized' church|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/apr/28/china-demolition-oversized-church-sanjiang|access-date=2021-02-08|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Despite English-language media focused on Christian churches, only 2.3% of the buildings affected by the regulations were Christian churches; most of them were folk religious temples.<ref name="CZ20172"/>{{rp|36}}

[[Islam]] arrived 1,400 years ago in Zhejiang. Today Islam is practiced by a small number of people including virtually all the [[Hui people|Hui Chinese]] living in Zhejiang.<ref name="zjsmzw presentation"/> In 2020, there are 117,000 Muslims in Zhejiang.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Zhejiang Muslim Population, Restaurant, Mosque in Hangzhou, Ningbo|url=https://www.topchinatravel.com/china-muslim/muslim-in-zhejiang.htm#:~:text=Muslim%20Population%20in%20Zhejiang&text=According%20to%20the%20statistics%20in,for%20more%20than%201,400%20years.|access-date=2021-07-27|website=www.topchinatravel.com}}</ref> Another religion present in the province is [[She people|She shamanism]] (practiced by [[She people|She]] ethnic minority).

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|<gallery mode="packed" style="font-size:88%; line-height:130%">
File:Cangnan - Longgang - Dutianmiao - P1210230.JPG|Temple of All-Heaven (都天廟''Dōutiānmiào'') in Longgang, [[Cangnan County|Cangnan]], [[Wenzhou]]
File:2014.11.21.184448 Chenghuangmiao night Wushan Xihu Hangzhou.jpg|Temple of the [[Chenghuangshen]] (City God) of Hangzhou, by night, in Wushan, [[Xihu District, Hangzhou|Xihu]]
File:Bao Gong Temple in Ouhai, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.jpg|Temple of [[Bao Zheng|Bao Gong]] in [[Ouhai District|Ouhai]], Wenzhou
File:Statue of Buddha in Puji Temple on Putuo Shan island.JPG|[[Buddha]] altar in the Puji Temple of [[Mount Putuo]]
File:Jusheng Temple in Wuma, Lucheng, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.jpg|Jusheng Temple in Wuma, [[Lucheng District, Wenzhou|Lucheng]], Wenzhou
File:Temple of the King of Heaven in Little Putuo Buddhist Monastery in Yinzhou, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.jpg|Temple of the King of Heaven of the Little Putuo Buddhist Monastery in [[Yinzhou District, Ningbo|Yinzhou]], [[Ningbo]]
File: Yue Fei temple 1.jpg|Temple of [[Yue Fei]] in Hangzhou
File:Ounan Bridge - P1210194.JPG|Church in Aojiang, [[Pingyang County|Pingyang]], Wenzhou
File:Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception of Hangzhou - 1.jpg|Catholic Cathedral of Hangzhou, Hangzhou
</gallery>
|}

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