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===Army accidents=== In 1912β1913 a series of fatal crashes of Wright airplanes bought by the U.S. Army called into question their safety and design. The death toll reached 11 by 1913, half of them in the Wright model C. All six model C Army airplanes crashed. They had a tendency to nose dive,<ref name="MIL">[http://www.history.army.mil/books/30-17/S_4.htm "The Signal Corps takes to the air"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101231111303/http://www.history.army.mil/books/30-17/S_4.htm |date=December 31, 2010 }}. history.army.mil. Retrieved: January 8, 2012.</ref> but Orville insisted that stalls were caused by pilot error.<ref name=Crouch-2003/>{{rp|at=459}} He cooperated with the Army to equip the airplanes with a rudimentary flight indicator to help the pilot avoid climbing too steeply. A government investigation said the Wright model C was "dynamically unsuited for flying",<ref name="MIL"/> and the American military ended its use of airplanes with "pusher" type propellers, including models made by both the Wright and Curtiss companies, in which the engine was located behind the pilot and likely to crush him in a crash. Orville resisted the switch to manufacturing "[[Tractor configuration|tractor-type]]" propeller aircraft, worried that a design change could threaten the Wright patent infringement case against Curtiss.<ref name=Crouch-2003/>{{rp|at=457}}
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