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===Intellectual property=== {{main|US patent law|US copyright law}} *''[[Continental Paper Bag Co. v. Eastern Paper Bag Co.]]'', 210 U.S. 405 (1908) 8 to 1, concerning a self opening paper bag, it was not an unlawful use of a monopoly position to refuse to license a patent's use to others, since the essence of a patent was the freedom not to do so. *''[[United States v. Univis Lens Co.]]'', 316 U.S. 241 (1942) once a business sold its patented lenses, it was not allowed to lawfully control the use of the lens, by fixing a price for resale. This was the [[Exhaustion doctrine under U.S. law|exhaustion doctrine]]. *''[[International Salt Co. v. United States]]'', 332 U.S. 392 (1947) it would be a ''per se'' infringement of the Sherman Act Β§2 for a seller, who has a legal monopoly through a patent, to tie buyers to purchase products over which the seller does not have a patent *''[[Walker Process Equipment, Inc. v. Food Machinery & Chemical Corp.]]'', 382 U.S. 172 (1965) illegal monopolization through the maintenance and enforcement of a patent obtained via fraud on the Patent Office case, sometimes called "Walker Process fraud". *''[[United States v. Glaxo Group Ltd.]]'', 410 U.S. 52 (1973) the government may challenge a patent where it is involved in a monopoly violation *''[[Illinois Tool Works Inc. v. Independent Ink, Inc.]]'', 547 U.S. 28 (2006) there is no presumption of market power, in a case on an unlawful tying arrangement, from the mere fact that the defendant has a patented product *[[Apple Inc. litigation]] and [[United States v. Apple (2012)|''United States v. Apple Inc.'']]
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