Editing Tinnitus (section)

===Medications===
{{As of|2018}} there were no medications effective for idiopathic tinnitus.<ref name="Baguley McFerran Hall 2013"/><ref name=CPG2014/><ref name="Bauer2018">{{cite journal |last1=Bauer |first1=CA |title=Tinnitus |journal=New England Journal of Medicine |date=March 2018 |volume=378 |issue=13 |pages=1224–1231 |doi=10.1056/NEJMcp1506631 |pmid=29601255}}</ref> There is not enough evidence to determine if [[antidepressant]]s<ref>{{cite journal |last=Baldo |first=P |author2=Doree, C |author3=Molin, P |author4=McFerran, D |author5= Cecco, S |title=Antidepressants for patients with tinnitus |journal=Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |date=12 September 2012 |volume=2012 |issue=9 |page=CD003853 |pmid=22972065 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD003853.pub3|pmc=7156891 }}</ref> or [[acamprosate]] are useful.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Savage |first=J |author2=Cook, S |author3=Waddell, A |title=Tinnitus |journal=BMJ Clinical Evidence |date=12 November 2009 |volume=2009 |pmid=21726476 |pmc=2907768}}</ref> There are conflicting studies regarding the effectiveness of [[benzodiazepines]] for tinnitus.<ref name="Baguley McFerran Hall 2013"/><ref name="Bauer2018"/><ref name="Savage2014">{{cite journal |last1=Savage |first1=J |last2=Waddell |first2=A |title=Tinnitus |journal=BMJ Clinical Evidence |date=October 2014 |volume=2014 |pages=0506 |pmid=25328113 |pmc=4202663 }}</ref><ref name="pmid34205776">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kim SH, Kim D, Lee JM, Lee SK, Kang HJ, Yeo SG |title=Review of Pharmacotherapy for Tinnitus |journal=Healthcare |volume=9 |issue=6 |date=June 2021 |page=779 |pmid=34205776 |pmc=8235102 |doi=10.3390/healthcare9060779|doi-access=free }}</ref> The usefulness of [[melatonin]], as of 2015, is unclear.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Miroddi |first1=M |last2=Bruno |first2=R |last3=Galletti |first3=F |last4=Calapai |first4=F |last5=Navarra |first5=M |last6=Gangemi |first6=S |last7=Calapai |first7=G |title=Clinical pharmacology of melatonin in the treatment of tinnitus: a review. |journal=European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology |date=March 2015 |volume=71 |issue=3 |pages=263–270 |doi=10.1007/s00228-015-1805-3 |pmid=25597877|s2cid=16466238 }}</ref> It is unclear if [[anticonvulsant]]s are useful for treating tinnitus.<ref name="Baguley McFerran Hall 2013"/><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hoekstra |first1=Carlijn EL |last2=Rynja |first2=Sybren P |last3=van Zanten |first3=Gijsbert A |last4=Rovers |first4=Maroeska M |title=Anticonvulsants for tinnitus |journal=Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |date=6 July 2011 |volume=2011 |issue=7 |pages=CD007960 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD007960.pub2 |pmid=21735419 |pmc=6599822 }}</ref> Steroid injections into the middle ear also do not seem to be effective.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Pichora-Fuller |first1=M. Kathleen |last2=Santaguida |first2=Pasqualina |last3=Hammill |first3=Amanda |last4=Oremus |first4=Mark |last5=Westerberg |first5=Brian |last6=Ali |first6=Usman |last7=Patterson |first7=Christopher |last8=Raina |first8=Parminder |title=Evaluation and Treatment of Tinnitus: Comparative Effectiveness |journal=Comparative Effectiveness Reviews |series=AHRQ Comparative Effectiveness Reviews |issue=122 |date=2013 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK158963/ |pmid=24049842 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Lavigne |first1=P |last2=Lavigne |first2=F |last3=Saliba |first3=I |author-link3=Issam Saliba |date=23 June 2015 |title=Intratympanic corticosteroids injections: a systematic review of literature |journal=European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology |volume=273 |issue=9 |pages=2271–2278 |doi=10.1007/s00405-015-3689-3 |pmid=26100030 |s2cid=36037973}}</ref> There is no evidence to suggest that the use of [[betahistine]] to treat tinnitus is effective.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Hall|first1=Deborah A|last2=Wegner|first2=Inge|last3=Smit|first3=Adriana Leni|last4=McFerran|first4=Don|last5=Stegeman|first5=Inge|date=2018|editor-last=Cochrane ENT Group|title=Betahistine for tinnitus|journal=Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|language=en|volume=12|issue=8|pages=CD013093|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD013093|pmid=30908589|pmc=6513648}}</ref>

[[Botulinum toxin]] injection has succeeded in some of the rare cases of objective tinnitus from a palatal tremor.<ref name="pmid27273401">{{cite journal | vauthors = Slengerik-Hansen J, Ovesen T | title = Botulinum Toxin Treatment of Objective Tinnitus Because of Essential Palatal Tremor: A Systematic Review | journal = Otology & Neurotology | volume = 37 | issue = 7 | pages = 820–828 | year = 2016 | pmid = 27273401 | doi = 10.1097/MAO.0000000000001090 | s2cid = 23675169 }}</ref>

[[Caroverine]] is used in a few countries to treat tinnitus.<ref name=Martindale36>{{cite book |editor1-last=Sweetman |editor1-first=Sean C. |title=Martindale |date=2009 |publisher=Pharmaceutical Press |isbn=978-0-85369-840-1 |page=2277 |edition= 36th}}</ref> The evidence for its usefulness is very weak.<ref name=Langguth2009>{{cite journal |last1=Langguth |first1=B |last2=Salvi |first2=R |last3=Elgoyhen |first3=AB |title=Emerging pharmacotherapy of tinnitus. |journal=Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs |date=December 2009 |volume=14 |issue=4 |pages=687–702 |doi=10.1517/14728210903206975 |pmid=19712015 |pmc=2832848}}</ref>