Editing Tiberius (section)

=== Archaeology ===
[[File:SperlongaVillaTiberio.jpg|thumb|232x232px|Remnants of Tiberius's villa at [[Sperlonga]], on the coast midway between Rome and Naples|left]]
Possible traces remain of renovations by Tiberius in the [[Gardens of Maecenas]], where he lived upon returning from exile in AD 2.{{sfn|Suetonius, ''Tiberius''|loc=15}} These persist inside the villa's likely ''[[triclinium]]''-''[[nymphaeum]]'', the so-called [[Auditorium of Maecenas]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Häuber |first1=Chrystina |title=The Horti of Maecenas on the Esquiline Hill in Rome |url=http://www.rom.geographie.uni-muenchen.de/texts/hm_text1.pdf |access-date=21 December 2019 |archive-date=24 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224222443/http://www.rom.geographie.uni-muenchen.de/texts/hm_text1.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> In an otherwise Late [[Roman Republic|Republican]]-era building, identifiable as such by its brickwork and flooring, the [[Dionysian Mysteries|Dionysian]]-themed landscape and nature frescoes lining the walls are reminiscent of the illusionistic early Imperial paintings [[Villa of Livia#Garden room fresco|in his mother's own subterranean dining room]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Wyler |first1=Stéphanie |chapter=An Augustan Trend towards Dionysos: Around the ‘Auditorium of Maecenas' |editor1-last=Bernabe |editor1-first=Alberto |editor2-last=Herrero de Jáuregui |editor2-first=Miguel |editor3-last=San Cristóbal |editor3-first=Ana |editor4-last=Martín Hernández |editor4-first=Raquel |title=Redefining Dionysos|pages=541–553|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|date=2013|chapter-url=https://www.academia.edu/es/4979106/An_Augustan_trend_towards_Dionysos_around_the_Auditorium_of_Mecenas_}}</ref>

Tiberius's palace in Rome was on the [[Palatine Hill]]; its ruins still stand. Tiberius built a temple in Rome to the deified Augustus, and restored the [[theatre of Pompey]],{{sfn|Tacitus, ''Annales''|loc=[[s:The Annals (Tacitus)/Book 6#45|IV.45]], [[s:The Annals (Tacitus)/Book 3#72|III.72]]}}{{sfn|Suetonius, ''Tiberius''|loc=[https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Suetonius/12Caesars/Tiberius*.html#47 47]}} these works were not finished until the reign of Caligula.{{sfn|Suetonius, ''Caligula''|loc=[https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Suetonius/12Caesars/Caligula*.html#21 21]}} The remains of Tiberius's villa at [[Sperlonga]] include a [[grotto]], where the fragmentary [[Sperlonga sculptures]] were found. The hill-top ''[[Villa Jovis]]'' retreat at [[Capri]] has been preserved. The estate at Capri is said by Tacitus to have included a total of twelve villas,{{sfn|Tacitus, ''Annales''|loc=[[s:The Annals (Tacitus)/Book 4#67|IV.67]]}} of which the ''Villa Jovis'' was the largest.

Tiberius refused to be officially worshipped as a living god. He promoted restraint in the official, empire-wide cult to the divinised Augustus, and established a priesthood, the ''[[Sodales Augustales]]'', to administer its rites. He allowed a single temple to honour both his own [[Genius (mythology)|''genius'']] and that of the Senate, at [[Smyrna]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gradel |first=Ittai |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cBNREAAAQBAJ |title=Emperor Worship and Roman Religion |date=2002 |publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-154149-0 |pages=15, 263–268: Gradel points out that no Roman was ever prosecuted for sacrificing to his emperor}}</ref>{{sfn|Tacitus, ''Annales''|loc=[[s:The Annals (Tacitus)/Book 4#37|IV.37–38]], [[s:The Annals (Tacitus)/Book 4#55|IV.55–56]]}}