Editing Sofia (section)

==Education and science==
[[File:Sofia University.jpg|thumb|[[Sofia University]]]]
[[File:Bulgarian-Academy-of-Sciences 4.jpg|thumb|[[Bulgarian Academy of Sciences]]]]
Much of Bulgaria's educational capacity is concentrated in Sofia. There are 221 general, 11 special and seven arts or sports schools, 56 vocational gymnasiums and colleges, and four independent colleges.{{Sfn|Sofia|2016|page=141}} The city also hosts 23 of Bulgaria's 51 higher education establishments and more than 105,000 university students.{{Sfn|Sofia|2016|page=148}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Register of Higher Schools in Bulgaria |url=http://rvu.mon.bg/ |work=Ministry of Education and Science |access-date=27 October 2018 |archive-date=27 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181027021808/http://rvu.mon.bg/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[American College of Sofia]], a private secondary school with roots in a school founded by American missionaries in 1860, is among the oldest American educational institutions outside of the United States.<ref name="ACS">{{cite web|url=http://www.acs.bg/Home/About_ACS/History.aspx|title=History|work=acs.bg|access-date=17 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180614171647/https://www.acs.bg/Home/About_ACS/History.aspx|archive-date=14 June 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>

A number of secondary language schools provide education in a selected foreign language. These include the [[First English Language School]], [[91st German Language School]], [[164 GPIE "Miguel de Cervantes"|164th Spanish Language School]], and the [[Lycée Français de Sofia|Lycée Français]]. These are among the most sought-after secondary schools, along with [[Vladislav the Grammarian 73rd Secondary School]] and the [[Sofia High School of Mathematics|High School of Mathematics]], which topped the 2018 preference list for high school candidates.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://offnews.bg/obshtestvo/koi-sa-naj-zhelanite-gimnazii-v-sofia-i-koi-paralelki-ostanaha-prazni-683714.html|title=Кои са най-желаните гимназии в София и кои паралелки останаха празни|trans-title=Which high schools in Sofia are the most preferred|publisher=Offnews|date=3 July 2018|access-date=27 October 2018|archive-date=27 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181027143230/https://offnews.bg/obshtestvo/koi-sa-naj-zhelanite-gimnazii-v-sofia-i-koi-paralelki-ostanaha-prazni-683714.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Higher education includes four of the five highest-ranking national universities – [[Sofia University]] (SU), the [[Technical University of Sofia]], [[New Bulgarian University]], and the [[Medical University of Sofia]].<ref name="Webometrics">{{cite web|url=http://www.webometrics.info/en/Europe/Bulgaria%20|title=Bulgarian universities|publisher=Webometrics Ranking of World Universities|access-date=17 February 2019|archive-date=12 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171112161804/http://www.webometrics.info/en/Europe/Bulgaria|url-status=live}}</ref> Sofia University was founded in 1888.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.uni-sofia.bg/index.php/eng/the_university/history/founding|title=Official website of the Sofia university&nbsp;— History|publisher=Sofia University|access-date=19 October 2013|archive-date=19 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019225413/https://www.uni-sofia.bg/index.php/eng/the_university/history/founding|url-status=live}}</ref> More than 20,000 students<ref>{{cite news|url=http://akademika.bg/2013/06/%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82-%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0-%D0%B4%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BB/|title=Sofia University aims to attract more foreign students|newspaper=Академика &#124; Образование, Наука И Култура |publisher=Akademika|date=14 June 2013|access-date=19 October 2013|language=bg|archive-date=20 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020070933/http://akademika.bg/2013/06/%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82-%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0-%D0%B4%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BB/|url-status=live}}</ref> study in its 16 faculties.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.uni-sofia.bg/index.php/eng/the_university/faculties|title=University Faculties|publisher=Sofia University|access-date=19 October 2013|archive-date=19 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019225427/https://www.uni-sofia.bg/index.php/eng/the_university/faculties|url-status=live}}</ref> A number of research and cultural departments operate within SU, including its own publishing house, [[botanical garden]]s,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.uni-sofia.bg/index.php/eng/the_university/independent_structures|title=Independent structures of SU|publisher=Sofia University|access-date=19 October 2013|archive-date=19 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019225421/https://www.uni-sofia.bg/index.php/eng/the_university/independent_structures|url-status=live}}</ref> a space research centre, a [[quantum electronics]] department,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.uni-sofia.bg/index.php/eng/the_university/faculties/faculty_of_physics2/structure|title=Faculty of Physics structure|publisher=Sofia University|access-date=19 October 2013|archive-date=19 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019225408/https://www.uni-sofia.bg/index.php/eng/the_university/faculties/faculty_of_physics2/structure|url-status=live}}</ref> and a [[Confucius Institute]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.uni-sofia.bg/index.php/eng/the_university/centres|title=University Centres|publisher=Sofia University|access-date=19 October 2013|archive-date=19 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019225417/https://www.uni-sofia.bg/index.php/eng/the_university/centres|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Rakovski Defence and Staff College]], the [[National Academy of Arts]], the [[University of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Geodesy]], the [[University of National and World Economy]], and the [[University of Mining and Geology]] are other major higher education establishments in the city.<ref name="Webometrics"/>

Other institutions of national significance, such as the [[Bulgarian Academy of Sciences]] (BAS) and the [[SS. Cyril and Methodius National Library]], are located in Sofia. BAS is the centrepiece of scientific research in Bulgaria, employing more than 4,500 scientists in various institutes. Its Institute of Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy will operate the largest [[cyclotron]] in the country.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.novinite.com/articles/177075/Bulgaria%27s+Nuclear+Institute%3A+New+Cyclotron+To+Become+Operational+in+2+Years|title=Bulgaria's Nuclear Institute: New Cyclotron To Become Operational in 2 Years|newspaper=[[Novinite]]|date=27 October 2016|access-date=27 October 2018|archive-date=27 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181027232043/https://www.novinite.com/articles/177075/Bulgaria%27s+Nuclear+Institute%3A+New+Cyclotron+To+Become+Operational+in+2+Years|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.msb.bg/en/projects/|title=MSB – Projects|website=www.msb.bg|access-date=27 October 2018|archive-date=28 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181028033729/http://www.msb.bg/en/projects/|url-status=live}}</ref> All five of Bulgaria's [[supercomputer]]s and supercomputing clusters are located in Sofia as well. Three of those are operated by the BAS; one by [[Sofia Tech Park]] and one by the Faculty of Physics at Sofia University.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.capital.bg/biznes/tehnologii_i_nauka/2018/06/22/3203630_shum_tok_i_superkompjutri/|title=Малката изчислителна армия на България|trans-title=Bulgaria's small computing army|publisher=Kapital Daily|first=Yoan|last=Zapryanov|date=22 June 2018|access-date=15 July 2018|language=bg|archive-date=17 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191117174209/https://www.capital.bg/biznes/tehnologii_i_nauka/2018/06/22/3203630_shum_tok_i_superkompjutri/|url-status=live}}</ref>