Editing Snake (section)

=== Hooding and spitting ===
Hooding (expansion of the neck area) is a visual deterrent, mostly seen in cobras (elapids), and is primarily controlled by rib muscles.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Young |first1=Bruce A. |last2=Kardong |first2=Kenneth V. |title=The functional morphology of hooding in cobras |journal=Journal of Experimental Biology |date=May 2010 |volume=213 |issue=9 |pages=1521–1528 |doi=10.1242/jeb.034447 |pmid=20400637 |bibcode=2010JExpB.213.1521Y }}</ref> Hooding can be accompanied by spitting venom towards the threatening object,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Young |first1=Bruce A. |last2=Dunlap |first2=Karen |last3=Koenig |first3=Kristen |last4=Singer |first4=Meredith |title=The buccal buckle: the functional morphology of venom spitting in cobras |journal=Journal of Experimental Biology |date=15 September 2004 |volume=207 |issue=20 |pages=3483–3494 |doi=10.1242/jeb.01170 |pmid=15339944 |bibcode=2004JExpB.207.3483Y }}</ref> and producing a specialized sound; hissing. Studies on captive cobras showed that 13–22% of the body length is raised during hooding.<ref>{{Cite journal |first1=Alireza |last1=Nasoori |first2=Delavar |last2=Shahbazzadeh |first3=Toshio |last3=Tsubota |first4=Bruce A. |last4=Young |date=Winter 2016 |title=The defensive behaviour of ''Naja oxiana'', with comments on the visual displays of cobras |number=138 |url=https://www.thebhs.org/publications/the-herpetological-bulletin/issue-number-138-winter-2016/960-04-the-defensive-behaviour-of-i-naja-oxiana-i-with-comments-on-the-visual-displays-of-cobras |journal=The Herpetological Bulletin |access-date=3 May 2021 |archive-date=3 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210503094608/https://www.thebhs.org/publications/the-herpetological-bulletin/issue-number-138-winter-2016/960-04-the-defensive-behaviour-of-i-naja-oxiana-i-with-comments-on-the-visual-displays-of-cobras |url-status=live }}</ref>