Editing Sleep disorder (section)

==List of conditions==
There are a numerous sleep disorders. The following list includes some of them:
* [[Bruxism]], involuntary grinding or clenching of the teeth while sleeping.
* [[Catathrenia]], nocturnal groaning during prolonged exhalation.
* [[Delayed sleep phase disorder]] (DSPD), inability to awaken and fall asleep at socially acceptable times but no problem with sleep maintenance, a disorder of [[circadian rhythm]]s. Other such disorders are [[advanced sleep phase disorder]] (ASPD), [[non-24-hour sleep–wake disorder]] (non-24) in the sighted or in the blind, and [[irregular sleep wake rhythm]], all much less common than DSPD, as well as the situational [[shift work sleep disorder]].<ref>{{cite book |author=American Academy of Sleep Medicine |url=http://www.esst.org/adds/ICSD.pdf |title=The International Classification of Sleep Disorders, Revised (ICSD-R) |publisher=American Sleep Disorders Association |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-9657220-1-8 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726034931/http://www.esst.org/adds/ICSD.pdf |archive-date=2011-07-26 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Fatal familial insomnia]], an extremely rare  and universally-fatal prion disease that causes a complete cessation of sleep.
* [[Hypopnea|Hypopnea syndrome]], abnormally shallow breathing or slow respiratory rate while sleeping.
* [[Idiopathic hypersomnia]], a primary, neurologic cause of long-sleeping, sharing many similarities with narcolepsy.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Idiopathic hypersomnia &#124; Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) – an NCATS Program |url=https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/8737/idiopathic-hypersomnia |access-date=2023-09-09 |work=rarediseases.info.nih.gov}}</ref>
* [[Insomnia]] disorder (primary insomnia), chronic difficulty in falling asleep or maintaining sleep when no other cause is found for these symptoms. Insomnia can also be comorbid with or secondary to other disorders.
* [[Kleine–Levin syndrome]], a rare disorder characterized by persistent episodic hypersomnia and cognitive or mood changes.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Arnulf I, Rico TJ, Mignot E |date=October 2012 |title=Diagnosis, disease course, and management of patients with Kleine-Levin syndrome |journal=The Lancet. Neurology |volume=11 |issue=10 |pages=918–928 |doi=10.1016/S1474-4422(12)70187-4 |pmid=22995695 |s2cid=7636103}}</ref>
* [[Narcolepsy]], characterized by [[excessive daytime sleepiness]] (EDS) and so-called "sleep attacks", relatively sudden-onset, irresistible urges to sleep, which may interfere with occupational and social commitments. About 70% of those who have narcolepsy also have [[cataplexy]], a sudden weakness in the motor muscles that can result in collapse to the floor while retaining full conscious awareness.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Narcolepsy Fact Sheet |url=http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/narcolepsy/detail_narcolepsy.htm |access-date=2011-06-23 |work=www.ninds.nih.gov |archive-date=2016-07-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160727232102/http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/narcolepsy/detail_narcolepsy.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* [[Night terror]], ''Pavor nocturnus'', sleep terror disorder, an abrupt awakening from sleep with behavior consistent with [[fear|terror]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Discovering psychology |vauthors=Hockenbury DH, Hockenbury SE |publisher=Worth Publishers |year=2010 |isbn=978-1-4292-1650-0 |edition=5th |location=New York, NY |pages=157}}</ref>
* [[Nocturia]], a frequent need to get up and urinate at night. It differs from [[enuresis]], or bed-wetting, in which the person does not arouse from sleep, but the bladder nevertheless empties.<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 21, 2018 |title=Nocturia or Frequent Urination at Night |url=https://www.sleepfoundation.org/physical-health/nocturia-or-frequent-unrination-night |website=Sleep Foundation}}</ref>
* [[Parasomnia]]s, disruptive sleep-related events involving inappropriate actions during sleep, for example sleepwalking, night-terrors and catathrenia.
* [[Periodic limb movements in sleep]] (PLMS), sudden involuntary movement of the arms or legs during sleep. In the absence of other sleep disorders, PLMS may cause sleep disruption and impair sleep quality, leading to [[periodic limb movement disorder]] (PLMD).
* Other limb movements in sleep, including [[Hypnic jerk|hypneic jerks]] and [[nocturnal myoclonus]].
* [[Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder]] (RBD), acting out violent or dramatic dreams while in REM sleep, sometimes injuring bed partner or self (REM sleep disorder or RSD).<ref>{{cite web |title=REM Sleep Behavior Disorder |url=http://www.mayoclinic.org/rem-sleep-behavior-disorder/ |access-date=27 July 2016 |publisher=[[Mayo Clinic]]}}</ref>
* [[Restless legs syndrome]] (RLS), an irresistible urge to move legs.
* [[Shift work sleep disorder]] (SWSD), a situational [[circadian rhythm sleep disorder]]. ([[Jet lag]] was previously included as a situational circadian rhythm sleep disorder, but it does not appear in [[DSM-5]], see [[Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders]] for more).
* [[Sleep apnea]], [[obstructive sleep apnea]], obstruction of the airway during sleep, causing lack of sufficient deep sleep, often accompanied by snoring. Other forms of sleep apnea are less common.<ref>{{cite web |title=Snoring: A Precursor to Medical Issues |url=https://www.snorerx.com/Snoring-Precursor-to-Medical-Issues.pdf |access-date=27 July 2016 |website=Stop Snoring Device |vauthors=Mandell R |archive-date=8 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161008054536/https://www.snorerx.com/Snoring-Precursor-to-Medical-Issues.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a medical disorder that is caused by repetitive collapse of the upper airway (back of the throat) during sleep. For the purposes of sleep studies, episodes of full upper airway collapse for at least ten seconds are called apneas.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sleep Apnea Diagnosis |url=https://singularsleep.com/pages/sleep-apnea-test-home-study/#sleep-apnea |access-date=27 April 2018 |publisher=SingularSleep}}</ref>
* [[Sleep paralysis]], characterized by temporary [[paralysis]] of the body shortly before or after sleep. Sleep paralysis may be accompanied by [[visual]], [[sound|auditory]] or [[Touch|tactile]] [[hallucination]]s. It is not a disorder unless severe, and is often seen as part of narcolepsy.
* [[Sleepwalking]] or ''somnambulism'', engaging in activities normally associated with wakefulness (such as [[eating]] or [[clothing|dressing]]), which may include walking, without the conscious knowledge of the subject.
* [[Somniphobia]], one cause of sleep deprivation, a dread/ fear of falling asleep or going to bed. Signs of the illness include anxiety and panic attacks before and during attempts to sleep.