Editing Skateboarding (section)

==Controversy==
Skateboarding damages urban terrain features such as curbs, benches, and ledges when skateboarders perform "[[Grind (skateboarding)|grinds]]" and other tricks on these surfaces.<ref name=Atlantic>(1) {{cite news |last=Abbate |first=Vince |date=June 28, 2007 |title=The trucks stop here |url=http://www.newsreview.com/chico/trucks-stop-here/content?oid=345188 |newspaper=Chico News & Review |publisher=Chici Community publishing, INC |access-date=December 30, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121217195001/http://www.newsreview.com/chico/trucks-stop-here/content?oid=345188 |archive-date=December 17, 2012 |url-status=dead }}.<br />(2) {{cite journal |last=Heywood |first=Will |date=2011 |title=Navigating the New Fortress |journal=Urban Action |publisher=Department of Urban Studies and Planning at San Francisco State University |pages=19–33 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140427155805/https://sites7.sfsu.edu/sites/sites7.sfsu.edu.dusp/files/UrbanAction_2011_0.pdf |archive-date=April 27, 2014 |url=https://sites7.sfsu.edu/sites/sites7.sfsu.edu.dusp/files/UrbanAction_2011_0.pdf }}<br />(3) {{cite web|first=Robert|last=Rosenberger|date=June 19, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140701135734/http://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2014/06/how-cities-use-design-to-drive-homeless-people-away/373067/|archive-date=July 1, 2014|title=How Cities Use Design to Drive Homeless People Away: Saying "you're not welcome here"—with spikes|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2014/06/how-cities-use-design-to-drive-homeless-people-away/373067/|work=The Atlantic|publisher=The Atlantic Monthly Group|access-date=April 23, 2017|quote=An example of an everyday technology that's used to forbid certain activities is “skateboard deterrents,” that is, those little studs added to handrails and ledges.  These devices, sometimes also called “skatestoppers” or “pig ears,” prevent skateboarders from performing sliding—or “grinding”—tricks across horizontal edges. A small skateboard deterrence industry has developed, with vendors with names like “stopagrind.com” and “grindtoahault.com.”}}<br />(4) {{cite news|last=Kelly|first=John|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/its-a-grind-the-birth-of-those-metal-ledge-guards-designed-to-deter-skateboarders/2020/05/23/ea2b2fc0-9b95-11ea-ad09-8da7ec214672_story.html|title=It's a grind: The birth of those metal ledge guards designed to deter skateboarders|department=Local|date=May 23, 2020|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=June 3, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200524183249/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/its-a-grind-the-birth-of-those-metal-ledge-guards-designed-to-deter-skateboarders/2020/05/23/ea2b2fc0-9b95-11ea-ad09-8da7ec214672_story.html|archive-date=May 24, 2020|url-status=dead}}.</ref> Private industry has responded to this problem by using [[Anti-skate devices|skate deterrent devices]], such as the [[Skatestopper]], in efforts to prevent further damage and to reduce skateboarding on these surfaces.<ref name=Atlantic/>

The enactment of ordinances and the posting of signs stating "Skateboarding is not allowed" have also become common methods to discourage skateboarding in public areas in many cities, to protect pedestrians and property.<ref name="Architecture"/><ref name=Costello>{{cite news |url = http://www.newsreview.com/sacramento/skateboarding-is-not-a-sport/content?oid=44507 |title = Skateboarding is not a sport: Skateboarding the Sacramento streets takes skill, balance and nerve. Just don't call it a sport. |first = Becca |last = Costello |newspaper = Sacramento News & Review |date = November 10, 2005 |access-date = December 10, 2012 |quote = Despite stickers, posters and T-shirts stating the contrary, it turns out that skateboarding is, in fact, a crime. “In the downtown district, you can skateboard as transportation,” Rafter explained. “Anything other than all four wheels on the ground and getting to where you're going, they have a problem with.”<br />Illegal skating includes jumping over cracks or obstacles on the sidewalk (rather than stopping, picking up one's board and walking around the obstacle), turning, riding over certain public property and any stopping maneuver that could be considered a trick. A ticket for skateboarding is a traffic violation, but skaters are more commonly cited for vandalism or trespassing—misdemeanors that stay on a skater's record and usually carry a fine or a sentence of 40 hours of community service, or both. |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170706113036/https://www.newsreview.com/sacramento/skateboarding-is-not-a-sport/content?oid=44507 |archive-date = July 6, 2017 |url-status = live }}</ref> In the area of street skating, tickets and arrest from police for [[trespass]]ing and [[vandalism]] are not uncommon.<ref name=Costello/>

Skateboarding has become an important problem in [[Freedom Plaza]], a National Park within the [[Pennsylvania Avenue National Historic Site]] in [[Washington, D.C.]]<ref name=skateboarding/><ref name="Historic Site">{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170107000905/http://planning.dc.gov/sites/default/files/dc/sites/op/publication/attachments/PA%20AVE%20NHS%202007.pdf|archive-date=January 7, 2017|url=http://planning.dc.gov/sites/default/files/dc/sites/op/publication/attachments/PA%20AVE%20NHS%202007.pdf|title=Pennsylvania Avenue National Historic Site|work=[[National Register of Historic Places]] Registration Form: [[National Park Service]]: [[United States Department of the Interior]]|pages=191–192|location=[[Washington, D.C.]]|publisher=[[Government of the District of Columbia]] Planning Office|access-date=March 29, 2017}}</ref> The Plaza has become a popular location for skateboarding, although the activity is illegal and has resulted in police actions.<ref name=skateboarding>{{cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/nationalmallplan/Documents/Penn/PAAV_Management_Plan_5-14-2014.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170304004018/https://www.nps.gov/nationalmallplan/Documents/Penn/PAAV_Management_Plan_5-14-2014.pdf|archive-date=March 4, 2017|access-date=March 29, 2017|date=April 2014|title=Skateboarding|pages=24–25|work=Pennsylvania Avenue National Historic Site Management Plan: Visitor Information, Education and Enjoyment|publisher=[[National Mall and Memorial Parks]]: [[National Park Service]]: [[United States Department of the Interior]]|location=Washington, D.C.|quote=Skateboarding damages stonework, walls, steps, and sculpture in some areas and presents a persistent law enforcement and management challenge. Damaged areas include stone facing on memorials, benches, and other surfaces. Moreover, popular websites advertise the attractiveness of these areas for skateboarding, which indicates the large scope of this challenge.  .... Actions: .... In park areas replace and maintain “No Skateboarding” signs that have been vandalized.}}</ref><ref>(1) {{cite news|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160622142001/http://www.washingtoncitypaper.com/news/city-desk/blog/20783039/park-police-disperse-dozens-of-skaters-at-freedom-plaza|archive-date=June 22, 2016|url=http://www.washingtoncitypaper.com/news/city-desk/blog/20783039/park-police-disperse-dozens-of-skaters-at-freedom-plaza|title=Park Police Disperse Scores of Skaters at Freedom Plaza|work=Washington City Paper|first=Andrew|last=Giambrone|date=June 21, 2016|access-date=March 29, 2017}}<br />(2) {{cite news|first=Michelle|last=Goldchain|url=https://ggwash.org/view/68468/why-is-pennsylvania-avenues-freedom-plaza-such-a-failure|title=Why is Pennsylvania Avenue's Freedom Plaza such a failure?|date=July 31, 2018|access-date=October 30, 2018|work=Greater Greater Washington|language=en|quote=One group of people do use Freedom Plaza regularly: skateboarders. The open hardscape and railings of Freedom Plaza make an excellent and popular skate park, though skating there is not actually allowed and Park Police regularly chase skaters from the park.<br />Scott Brown said, “They came from all over the country to wreck our plaza, which they nearly did, and all those inscriptions on the floor and everything else, that's ruined by roller skating.”|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180816052723/https://ggwash.org/view/68468/why-is-pennsylvania-avenues-freedom-plaza-such-a-failure|archive-date=August 16, 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Plaza contains copies of portions of [[L'Enfant Plan|Pierre (Peter) Charles L'Enfant's 1791 plan for the nation's capital city]] that have been inscribed in the park's raised marble surface.<ref name="Historic Site"/> A 2016 [[National Park Service]] management plan for the Historic Site states that skateboarding has damaged stonework, sculptures, walls, benches, steps, and other surfaces in some areas of the Plaza.<ref name=skateboarding/> The management plan further states that skateboarding presents a persistent law enforcement and management challenge, as popular websites advertise the Plaza's attractiveness for the activity.<ref name=skateboarding/> The plan notes that vandals have removed "No Skateboarding" signs and recommends the replacement of those signs.<ref name=skateboarding/>

A professional skateboarder promoted on [[Facebook]] the use of governmental sites for the prohibited activity during the [[United States federal government shutdown of 2013|2013 federal government shutdown]] in the United States.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303492504579118220560115320|title=Skateboarders See a (Kick) Flip Side to the Government Closing: With Washington Plazas Empty and Patrols Down, a Banned Sport Is Suddenly On|format=video|last=Williamson|first=Elizabeth|date=October 11, 2013|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]], U.S. Edition|access-date=March 30, 2017|quote=One positive thing about the gov't shutdown  – spots at gov't buildings are now skateable – Darren Harper, Pro Skateboarder, via [[Facebook]].|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170331115615/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303492504579118220560115320|archive-date=March 31, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>