Editing Sinusitis (section)

===Antibiotics===
Most sinusitis cases are caused by viruses and resolve without antibiotics.<ref name="pmid18206715"/> However, if symptoms do not resolve within 10 days, either [[amoxicillin]] or [[amoxicillin/clavulanate]] are reasonable antibiotics for [[Therapy#Lines of therapy|first treatment]] with [[amoxicillin/clavulanate]] being slightly superior to [[amoxicillin]] alone but with more side effects.<ref name="pmid33236525">{{cite journal |last1=Orlandi |first1=Richard R. |last2=Kingdom |first2=Todd T. |last3=Smith |first3=Timothy L. |last4=Bleier |first4=Benjamin |last5=DeConde |first5=Adam |last6=Luong |first6=Amber U. |last7=Poetker |first7=David M. |last8=Soler |first8=Zachary |last9=Welch |first9=Kevin C. |last10=Wise |first10=Sarah K. |last11=Adappa |first11=Nithin |last12=Alt |first12=Jeremiah A. |last13=Anselmo-Lima |first13=Wilma Terezinha |last14=Bachert |first14=Claus |last15=Baroody |first15=Fuad M. |year=2021 |title=International consensus statement on allergy and rhinology: rhinosinusitis 2021 |url=https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/77501/1/Accepted_Manuscript.pdf |url-status=live |journal=International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology |publisher=Wiley |volume=11 |issue=3 |pages=213–739 |doi=10.1002/alr.22741 |issn=2042-6976 |pmid=33236525 |s2cid=227165628 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307191717/https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/77501/1/Accepted_Manuscript.pdf |archive-date=2023-03-07 |access-date=2023-01-21 |last16=Batra |first16=Pete S. |last17=Bernal-Sprekelsen |first17=Manuel |last18=Beswick |first18=Daniel |last19=Bhattacharyya |first19=Neil |last20=Chandra |first20=Rakesh K. |last21=Chang |first21=Eugene H. |last22=Chiu |first22=Alexander |last23=Chowdhury |first23=Naweed |last24=Citardi |first24=Martin J. |last25=Cohen |first25=Noam A. |last26=Conley |first26=David B. |last27=DelGaudio |first27=John |last28=Desrosiers |first28=Martin |last29=Douglas |first29=Richard |last30=Eloy |first30=Jean Anderson |last31=Fokkens |first31=Wytske J. |last32=Gray |first32=Stacey T. |last33=Gudis |first33=David A. |last34=Hamilos |first34=Daniel L. |last35=Han |first35=Joseph K. |last36=Harvey |first36=Richard |last37=Hellings |first37=Peter |last38=Holbrook |first38=Eric H. |last39=Hopkins |first39=Claire |last40=Hwang |first40=Peter |last41=Javer |first41=Amin R. |last42=Jiang |first42=Rong-San |last43=Kennedy |first43=David |last44=Kern |first44=Robert |last45=Laidlaw |first45=Tanya |last46=Lal |first46=Devyani |last47=Lane |first47=Andrew |last48=Lee |first48=Heung-Man |last49=Lee |first49=Jivianne T. |last50=Levy |first50=Joshua M. |last51=Lin |first51=Sandra Y. |last52=Lund |first52=Valerie |last53=McMains |first53=Kevin C. |last54=Metson |first54=Ralph |last55=Mullol |first55=Joaquim |last56=Naclerio |first56=Robert |last57=Oakley |first57=Gretchen |last58=Otori |first58=Nobuyoshi |last59=Palmer |first59=James N. |last60=Parikh |first60=Sanjay R. |last61=Passali |first61=Desiderio |last62=Patel |first62=Zara |last63=Peters |first63=Anju |last64=Philpott |first64=Carl |last65=Psaltis |first65=Alkis J. |last66=Ramakrishnan |first66=Vijay R. |last67=Ramanathan |first67=Murugappan |last68=Roh |first68=Hwan-Jung |last69=Rudmik |first69=Luke |last70=Sacks |first70=Raymond |last71=Schlosser |first71=Rodney J. |last72=Sedaghat |first72=Ahmad R. |last73=Senior |first73=Brent A. |last74=Sindwani |first74=Raj |last75=Smith |first75=Kristine |last76=Snidvongs |first76=Kornkiat |last77=Stewart |first77=Michael |last78=Suh |first78=Jeffrey D. |last79=Tan |first79=Bruce K. |last80=Turner |first80=Justin H. |last81=Drunen |first81=Cornelis M. |last82=Voegels |first82=Richard |last83=Wang |first83=De Yun |last84=Woodworth |first84=Bradford A. |last85=Wormald |first85=Peter-John |last86=Wright |first86=Erin D. |last87=Yan |first87=Carol |last88=Zhang |first88=Luo |last89=Zhou |first89=Bing}}</ref><ref name="pmid18206715"/> A 2018 Cochrane review, however, found no evidence that people with symptoms lasting seven days or more before consulting their physician are more likely to have bacterial sinusitis as one study found that about 80% of patients have symptoms lasting more than 7 days and another about 70%.<ref name="pmid30198548"/> Antibiotics are specifically not recommended in those with mild / moderate disease during the first week of infection due to risk of adverse effects, [[antibiotic resistance]], and cost.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Smith SR, Montgomery LG, Williams JW | title = Treatment of mild to moderate sinusitis | journal = Archives of Internal Medicine | volume = 172 | issue = 6 | pages = 510–3 | date = March 2012 | pmid = 22450938 | doi = 10.1001/archinternmed.2012.253 }}</ref>

[[Fluoroquinolones]], and a newer [[macrolide]] antibiotic such as [[clarithromycin]] or a [[tetracycline]] like [[doxycycline]], are used in those who have severe allergies to [[penicillin]]s.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Karageorgopoulos DE, Giannopoulou KP, Grammatikos AP, Dimopoulos G, Falagas ME | title = Fluoroquinolones compared with beta-lactam antibiotics for the treatment of acute bacterial sinusitis: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials | journal = CMAJ | volume = 178 | issue = 7 | pages = 845–54 | date = March 2008 | pmid = 18362380 | pmc = 2267830 | doi = 10.1503/cmaj.071157 }}</ref> Because of increasing resistance to amoxicillin the 2012 guideline of the [[Infectious Diseases Society of America]] recommends amoxicillin-clavulanate as the initial treatment of choice for bacterial sinusitis.<ref name="pmid22438350">{{cite journal | vauthors = Chow AW, Benninger MS, Brook I, Brozek JL, Goldstein EJ, Hicks LA, Pankey GA, Seleznick M, Volturo G, Wald ER, File TM | title = IDSA clinical practice guideline for acute bacterial rhinosinusitis in children and adults | journal = Clinical Infectious Diseases | volume = 54 | issue = 8 | pages = e72–e112 | date = April 2012 | pmid = 22438350 | doi = 10.1093/cid/cir1043 | doi-access = free }}</ref> The guidelines also recommend against other commonly used antibiotics, including [[azithromycin]], [[clarithromycin]], and [[trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole]], because of growing antibiotic resistance. The [[FDA]] recommends against the use of [[fluoroquinolone]]s when other options are available due to higher risks of serious [[side effect]]s.<ref>{{cite web|title=Fluoroquinolone Antibacterial Drugs: Drug Safety Communication – FDA Advises Restricting Use for Certain Uncomplicated Infections|url=https://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch/SafetyInformation/SafetyAlertsforHumanMedicalProducts/ucm500665.htm|website=FDA|access-date=16 May 2016|date=12 May 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160516004228/https://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch/SafetyInformation/SafetyAlertsforHumanMedicalProducts/ucm500665.htm|archive-date=16 May 2016}}</ref>

A short-course (3–7 days) of antibiotics seems to be just as effective as the typical longer-course (10–14 days) of antibiotics for those with clinically diagnosed acute bacterial sinusitis without any other severe disease or complicating factors.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Falagas ME, Karageorgopoulos DE, Grammatikos AP, Matthaiou DK | title = Effectiveness and safety of short vs. long duration of antibiotic therapy for acute bacterial sinusitis: a meta-analysis of randomized trials | journal = British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology | volume = 67 | issue = 2 | pages = 161–71 | date = February 2009 | pmid = 19154447 | pmc = 2670373 | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2008.03306.x }}</ref> The [[Infectious Diseases Society of America|IDSA]] guideline suggest five to seven days of antibiotics is long enough to treat a bacterial infection without encouraging resistance. The guidelines still recommend children receive antibiotic treatment for ten days to two weeks.<ref name="pmid22438350"/>