Editing Richmond Park (section)

===Buildings===
<gallery class=center mode=nolines heights=180 widths=220>
File:Holly Lodge.jpg|[[Holly Lodge]]
File:Pembroke Lodge 10233-5.jpg|[[Pembroke Lodge]]
File:Thatched House Lodge.jpg|[[Thatched House Lodge]]
File:White Lodge.jpg|[[White Lodge, Richmond Park|White Lodge]]
</gallery>

The park includes a Grade I [[listed building]], White Lodge. The park's boundary wall, and ten other buildings, are also Grade II listed:<ref name="Management Plan 16-29"/><ref name="listed">{{cite web | url=https://www.richmond.gov.uk/media/18000/listed_buildings_register.pdf | title=Listed buildings Register| publisher=[[London Borough of Richmond upon Thames]] | date=14 October 2019 | access-date=31 July 2023}}</ref> Ham Gate Lodge, built in 1742;<ref>Cloake, p. 108</ref> Holly Lodge (formerly known as Bog Lodge) and the [[game larder]] in its courtyard, built in 1735;<ref name="Management Plan 16-29"/><ref name="listed"/> Pembroke Lodge; Richmond Gate and Richmond Gate Lodge, dated 1798 and designed by Sir John Soane;<ref name="Pollard and Crompton 42">Pollard and Crompton, p. 42</ref><ref name="Soane"/><ref name="Richmond Gate Lodge listing">{{National Heritage List for England |num=1263361 |desc=Richmond Gate Lodge, Screen Walls, Gate Piers and Gates|date = 10 January 1950|access-date= 19 October 2016}}</ref>  Thatched House Lodge; and White Ash Lodge and its barns and stables, built in the 1730s or 1740s.<ref name="Management Plan 16-29"/><ref name="listed"/><ref name="FRP Guide100">{{cite book | title=''"Buildings" in'' Guide to Richmond Park | author=Michael Davison  |publisher=[[Friends of Richmond Park]] | year=2011 | page=100|isbn= 978-0-9527847-0-8}}</ref><ref name="White Ash Lodge listing">{{National Heritage List for England |num=1250204 |desc=White Ash Lodge|date = 30 January 1976|access-date= 19 October 2016}}</ref>

The freebord or "deer leap" is a strip of land {{convert|5|m|ftin|abbr=off}} wide, running around most of the perimeter of the park. Owned by the Crown, it allows access to the outside of the boundary wall for inspection and repairs. Householders whose property backs on to the park can use this land by paying an annual fee.<ref name="Management Plan 11">{{cite web | url=https://www.royalparks.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/41767/richmond-park-management-plan.pdf | title=Public Access | publisher=[[The Royal Parks]] | work=Richmond Park Management Plan 2008–2018 | date=January 2008 | access-date=8 September 2024 | page=11 | archive-date=2 February 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202164014/https://www.royalparks.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/41767/richmond-park-management-plan.pdf }}</ref><ref name="Deer Leap">{{Cite web |author=Robert Wood|title=The "Deer Leap" of Richmond Park |url=https://www.richmondhistory.org.uk/wordpress/history-of-richmond/the-deer-leap-of-richmond-park/ |publisher= [[Richmond Local History Society]]|access-date=8 June 2020}}</ref>

====Holly Lodge====
{{Infobox organization
|name         = Holly Lodge Centre
|image        = Holly_Lodge_Centre.png
|image_border =
|size         =
|caption      =
|abbreviation =
|formation    = 1994<ref name="Famous">{{cite press release | url=https://www.royalparks.org.uk/parks/richmond-park/richmond-park-news/famous-faces-celebrate-20-years-of-the-holly-lodge-centre-in-richmond-park | title=Famous faces celebrate 20 years of the Holly Lodge Centre in Richmond Park | publisher=[[The Royal Parks]] | date=19 August 2014 | access-date=24 April 2021}}</ref>
|status       = Registered charity<ref name="Charity"/>
|purpose      =
|headquarters = Holly Lodge
|location     = Richmond Park, [[Richmond, London]], [[United Kingdom]]
|region_served = [[Greater London]] and [[Surrey]]<ref name="Charity"/>
|membership   =
|language     =
|leader_title = 
|leader_name  = 
|main_organ   = ''Stepping Stones'' (quarterly newsletter)
|parent_organization =
|affiliations =
|num_staff    = 6<ref name="Staff HLC">{{cite web | url=https://www.thehollylodgecentre.org.uk/about/ | title=Meet our staff | publisher=Holly Lodge Centre | access-date=6 February 2025}}</ref>
|num_volunteers = >80<ref name="Volunteers HLC">{{cite web | url=https://www.thehollylodgecentre.org.uk/about/ | title=Who we are | publisher=Holly Lodge Centre | access-date=6 February 2025}}</ref>
|budget       = £121,168<ref name="Charity">{{cite web | url=https://register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk/charity-search/-/charity-details/3962825 | title=1076741&nbsp;– Holly Lodge Centre | publisher=[[Charity Commission]] | work=Find charities | access-date=5 March 2024}}</ref>
|website      = {{URL|https://www.thehollylodgecentre.org.uk/}}
|remarks      =
}}
In 1735, a new lodge, Cooper's Lodge, was built on the site of Hill Farm.<ref name="FRP Guide96">{{cite book | title=''"Buildings" in'' Guide to Richmond Park | author=Michael Davison|publisher=[[Friends of Richmond Park]] | year=2011 | page=96|isbn=978-0-9567469-0-0}}</ref> It was renamed Lucas's Lodge in 1771 and Bog Lodge in the 1790s.<ref name = "WoodHL">{{Cite journal |last=Robert Wood|publisher= [[Richmond Local History Society]]|date=November 2023 |title=How Bog Lodge became Holly Lodge|journal=Richmond History |volume=44 |page=22|issn=0263-0958}}</ref> Bog Lodge was renamed Holly Lodge in 1993<ref name= "Pollard and Crompton 22">Pollard and Crompton, p. 22</ref> and now contains a visitors' centre (bookings only), the park's administrative headquarters and a base for the [[Metropolitan Police]]'s Royal Parks Operational Command Unit.

Holly Lodge also includes the '''Holly Lodge Centre''', an organisation which provides an opportunity for people of all ages and abilities to enjoy and learn from a series of hands-on experiences, focusing particularly on the environment and in the [[Victorian era|Victorian]] history and heritage of Richmond Park. The centre, which is [[wheelchair-accessible]] throughout,<ref name="About"/> was opened in 1994.<ref name="Famous"/> It was founded by Mike Fitt,<ref name="Famous"/><ref name="Holly Lodge People"/> who was then The Royal Parks' Superintendent of Richmond Park and later became Deputy Chief Executive of London's Royal Parks. A registered charity,<ref name="Charity"/> the Holly Lodge Centre received the [[Queen's Award for Voluntary Service]] in 2005.

[[Princess Alexandra, The Honourable Lady Ogilvy|Princess Alexandra]] has been Holly Lodge Centre's Royal Patron since 2007.<ref name="Holly Lodge People">{{cite web | url=https://thehollylodgecentre.org.uk/about/| title=Who we are | publisher=Holly Lodge Centre | work=About us | access-date=18 October 2023}}</ref> In 2011 she opened the centre's Victorian-themed pharmacy, ''Mr Palmer's Chymist''. This includes the original interior, artefacts and dispensing records dating from 1865, from a [[Pharmacy|chemist's shop]] in [[Mortlake]], and is used for educational activities. The centre also includes a replica Victorian schoolroom, and a [[kitchen garden]] planted with varieties of vegetables used in Victorian times and [[herbs]] cultivated for their medicinal properties.<ref name="About">{{cite web | url=https://www.thehollylodgecentre.org.uk/about/ | title=Facilities | publisher=Holly Lodge Centre | access-date=5 March 2024}}</ref>

====Pembroke Lodge====
{{Main|Pembroke Lodge}}
[[Pembroke Lodge]] and some associated houses stand in their own garden within the park. In 1847 Pembroke Lodge became the home of the then [[Prime Minister]], [[Lord John Russell]],<!--overlink, seems reasonable given length of article--> and from 1876 to 1890 was the childhood home of his grandson, [[Bertrand Russell]].<ref name = "HirschlerBR">{{Cite journal |last=Rachel Hirschler|publisher= [[Richmond Local History Society]]|date=November 2023 |title=Bertrand Russell's childhood years at Pembroke Lodge |journal=Richmond History |volume=44 |page=6|issn=0263-0958}}</ref><ref name="Turcon2012">{{Cite journal |last=Sheila Turcon |date=Spring 2012 |title= Russell’s Homes: Pembroke Lodge |url=https://bertrandrussellsociety.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/brsb_146_spring_2012_public.pdf|journal=The Bertrand Russell Society Bulletin |issue=146 |pages=3-8 |issn=1547-0334}}</ref> It is now a popular restaurant with views across the Thames Valley.

====Thatched House Lodge====
{{Main|Thatched House Lodge}}
Thatched House Lodge was the London home of United States General [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] during the Second World War. Since 1963 it has been the residence of [[Princess Alexandra, The Honourable Lady Ogilvy]]. It was originally built as two houses in 1673 for two Richmond Park Keepers, as Aldridge Lodge, and was enlarged in 1727, possibly by [[William Kent]], as a home for [[Sir Robert Walpole]]. The two houses were joined and renamed Thatched House Lodge in 1771 by Sir John Soane. The gardens include an 18th-century two-room [[Thatching|thatched]] summer house which gave the main house its name.

====White Lodge====
{{Main|White Lodge}}
Built as a  [[Hunting and shooting in the United Kingdom#Hunting lodge|hunting lodge]] for [[George II of Great Britain|George II]] by the architect [[Roger Morris (1695–1749)|Roger Morris]], White Lodge was completed in 1730. Its many famous residents have included members of the Royal Family. The future king [[Edward VIII]] was born at White Lodge in 1894;<ref>{{cite web |access-date = 27 December 2023|url=https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/surrey/vol3/pp533-546 |title=Parishes: Richmond (anciently Sheen) |editor=[[Henry Elliot Malden|H E Malden]] |publisher=[[Institute of Historical Research]] |year=1911 |work=A History of the County of Surrey: Volume 3}}</ref> his brother [[George VI|Prince Albert, Duke of York (the future George VI)]] and [[Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother|the Duchess of York (later Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother)]] lived there in the 1920s. The [[Royal Ballet School]] (formerly Sadler's Wells Ballet) has been based since 1955<ref name= "Cloake 201"/> at [[White Lodge]] where younger ballet students continue to be trained.

====Bishop's Gate Lodge====
Bishop's Gate Lodge takes its name from a gamekeeper who was on the staff in the first half of the 19th century. A reference dated 1854 said that the keeper had had access to the lodge for the past fifty years. The lodge is not shown on the 1813 plan of the park, but appears on the plans of 1850, and its layout seems to have changed little from that time. It forms part of a view over the park, and beyond, that is much favoured by amateur painters.

====Other buildings====
Oak Lodge, near Sidmouth Wood, was built in about 1852 as a home for the park [[bailiff]], who was responsible for repair and maintenance in the park.<ref name="FRP Guide101">{{cite book | title=''"Buildings" in'' Guide to Richmond Park | publisher=[[#Friends of Richmond Park|Friends of Richmond Park]] | author=Michael Davison | author-link=Buildings | year=2011 | page=101 | isbn=978-09567469-0-0}}</ref> It is used by The Royal Parks as its base for a similar function today.<ref name="FRP Guide101"/>

There are also gate lodges at Chohole Gate, Kingston Gate, Robin Hood Gate, Roehampton Gate<ref name="Roehampton Gate">{{cite web | url= https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/676527 | title=Richmond Park: Roehampton Gate and Lodge | publisher=[[Geograph]] | access-date=8 October 2012 | author=Nigel Cox}}</ref> and at Sheen Gate, which also has a [[bungalow]] (Sheen Gate Bungalow).<ref name ="Living in the Royal Parks">{{cite web | url=https://www.royalparks.org.uk/park-management/licences-and-permits/living-in-the-royal-parks | title=Living in the Parks | publisher=[[The Royal Parks]] | access-date=7 February 2015 | archive-date=7 February 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150207051346/https://www.royalparks.org.uk/park-management/licences-and-permits/living-in-the-royal-parks }}</ref> Ladderstile Cottage, at Ladderstile Gate, was built in the 1780s.<ref name = "McDowall 73">McDowall, p. 73</ref>

====Former buildings====
[[File:Sir Richard Owen, K.C.B., F.R.S. and Sheen Lodge, Richmond Park.png|thumb|Sheen Cottage (above) and [[Sir Richard Owen]]]]
A map by John Eyre, "Plan of His Majesty's New Park", shows a [[summer house]] near Richmond Gate.<ref name= Eyre/>

Several buildings already existed within the park when it was created. One of these was a manor house at Petersham which was renamed Petersham Lodge. During the [[Commonwealth of England|Commonwealth]] period it became accommodation for one of the park's deputy keepers, [[Lodowick Carlell]] (or Carlile), who was also a renowned playwright in his day,<ref>McDowall, p. 47</ref> and his wife, [[Joan Carlile]], one of the first women to practise painting professionally.<ref name="Toynbee and Isham">{{cite journal | jstor= 871403 | title=Joan Carlile (1606?–1679): An Identification | series=Documents concerning artistic associates of Santa Maria della Scala | author1=Margaret Toynbee | author2=[[Gyles Isham]] | journal= [[The Burlington Magazine]]|volume= 96| pages=275–274 |number= 618 |date= September 1954 }}</ref>

Elizabeth, [[Countess of Dysart]], and her husband [[Sir Lionel Tollemache, 3rd Baronet|Sir Lionel Tollemache]] took over Petersham Lodge when they became joint keepers of Richmond Park. After Tollemache's death the Lodge and its surrounding land were leased in 1686 to [[Lawrence Hyde, Earl of Rochester]], whose sister [[Anne Hyde|Anne]] was married to the new king, [[James II of England|James II]]. It became a private park and was subsequently landscaped. By 1692 Rochester had demolished the Lodge and replaced it with a splendid new mansion in his "New Park". In 1732, a new Petersham Lodge was built to replace it after a fire.<ref>Cloake, p. 28</ref> This Petersham Lodge was demolished in 1835.<ref name = "Cloake 190"/>

Professor [[Sir Richard Owen]], the first Director of the [[Natural History Museum, London|Natural History Museum]], lived at Sheen Cottage until his death in 1892.<ref name = "WoodSC"/><ref name="Victorian scientist">{{cite news | url=https://www.richmondandtwickenhamtimes.co.uk/news/452137.remembering-victorian-scientist/| title=Remembering Victorian scientist | work=[[Richmond and Twickenham Times]] | author=James Adlam|date=22 January 2004 | access-date=31 July 2023}}</ref> The cottage was destroyed by enemy action in 1944.<ref name = "WoodSC"/><ref>McDowall, pp. 94–95</ref> The remains of the cottage can be seen in patches and irregularities in the wall 220 metres from Sheen Gate.<ref name = "WoodSC"/><ref name = "McDowall 73"/>

A [[bandstand]], similar to one in [[Kensington Gardens]], was erected near Richmond Gate in 1931. In 1975, after many years of disuse, it was moved to [[Regent's Park]].<ref name="Photographs86">{{cite book | title=Richmond in Old Photographs | publisher=Alan Sutton Publishing | editor=[[John Cloake]] |author=Compiled by members of the [[Richmond, London#Societies|Richmond Local History Society]] | page= 86 |year = 1990| isbn=978-0-86299-855-4}}</ref>