Editing Radha (section)

== Influence ==
[[File:Radha in the Moonlight.jpg|thumb|upright=0.9|Radha's story has inspired many paintings. Above: ''Radha in the moonlight'' by [[Raja Ravi Varma]], 1890.]]

=== Paintings ===
Radha and Krishna have inspired many forms of performance arts and literary works.{{sfn|Archer|2004}}<ref name="britannica2"/> Over the centuries, their love has been portrayed in thousands of exquisite paintings which depicts the lover in separation and union, longing and abandonment.{{sfn|Archer|2004}}<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kakar|first=Sudhir|date=January 1985|title=Erotic Fantasy: The Secret Passion of Radha and Krishna|journal=Contributions to Indian Sociology|volume=19|issue=1|pages=75–94|doi=10.1177/006996685019001006|s2cid=144426229|issn=0069-9667}}</ref>

[[Pattachitra|Patta chitra]], is one of the typical regional arts of the coastal state of [[Odisha|Orissa]]. In this type of painting, Krishna is depicted in blue or black color and is usually accompanied by his fiancée Radha.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kallir|first=Jane|date=1982|title=The Folk Art Tradition: Naive Painting in Europe and The United States|journal=American Art Journal|volume=14|issue=4|pages=88|doi=10.2307/1594322|jstor=1594322|issn=0002-7359}}</ref> Rajasthani art emerged as an amalgamation of folk art with conventional and canonical ethos. Krishna and Radha have been the pivotal figures in Rajasthani miniature paintings. Their love has been delineated aesthetically in this composition.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Soltis|first=Carol Eaton|title=Miniature painting in the USA|date=2015-09-22|publisher=Oxford University Press|series=Oxford Art Online|doi=10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.t2283851}}</ref> In [[Pahari painting]]s, often the nayaka (hero) is depicted as Krishna and the nayika (heroine) is depicted as Radha. The legend of Krishna and Radha and their love provided rich material to Pahari painters in general and to the artists of Garhwal in particular.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Fam|first=Sylvia|date=2019-01-01|title=Engaging the Senses to Make Sense: Performing Autoethnography in Selected Poems by Two Poet/Educators|journal=Textual Turnings|volume=1|issue=1|pages=121–138|doi=10.21608/ttaip.2019.123734|issn=2735-3451|doi-access=free}}</ref> The central theme of [[Kangra painting]] is love inspired by ''Rasikapriya,'' popular poetic work of Keshavdasa. A closely related theme of this art is lover looking at his beloved who is unaware of his presence. Thus, Krishna is shown watching Radha who is unaware of his presence.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book|last=Randhawa|first=M.S|title=Kangra Valley Painting|publisher=Publications Division Ministry of Information & Broadcasting|year=2017|isbn=978-81-230-2478-3}}</ref> In Radha and Krishna, Kangra artists discovered highest model of loving couple. The Radha-Krishna theme also served their devotional purpose and provided an inherent symbolism.<ref name=":11" /> [[Madhubani art|Madhubani paintings]] are charismatic art of Bihar.  Madhubani paintings are mostly based on religion and mythology. In the paintings, Hindu Gods like [[Radha Krishna|Radha-Krishna]] and [[Shiva]]-[[Parvati]] are in center. Krishna and Radha are one of the favorite subject in [[Rajput painting]]s because they portrayed a theme that symbolized the desire of the soul to be united by god. In Rajput paintings, Radha is always dressed in more elegant way. She was adorned with ornaments and is often depicted holding a white garland when enthroned next to Krishna.<ref name=":12" /> The Chamba paintings of Himachal Pradesh and Punjab often depicts romantic ambiances of rainy season with Radha Krishna as the lead couple.<ref name=":11" />

<gallery>
File:Patta Chitra 03.jpg|Patta Chitra painting depicting love story of Radha and Krishna.
File:A Glimpse of the Loved One (6124511255).jpg|Rajasthani Painting with a love theme where Radha is getting ready and Krishna admires her silently.
File:Radha offering Krsna a Bowl of Curds.jpg|Pahari painting of Radha offering bowl of curd to Krishna.
File:Radha and Krishna Exchange Clothes LACMA M.80.232.4.jpg|Kangra painting, Radha dressed as Krishna and Krishna dressed as Radha.
File:Peinture râjput (V&A Museum) (9471201137).jpg|Rajput painting (1760), Radha Krishna with gopis.
File:Nihâl Chand 001.jpg|Kishangarh painting, Radha Krishna in pavilion.
File:Radha- Krishna, Kalighat Painting.jpg|Radha- Krishna, Kalighat Painting 
</gallery>

=== Dance forms ===
The most famous Indian classical dance [[Manipuri Raas Leela]] was first introduced by [[Ching-Thang Khomba|King Bhagyachandra]] around 1779. Inspired by Radha Krishna's [[raslila]], the king introduced three forms of rasa dance—Maha rasa, Kunj rasa and Basant rasa. Later two more forms of rasa—Nitya rasa and Deba rasa was added by successive kings in the art and culture of Manipur. In these dance forms, the dancers portray the role of Radha, Krishna and gopis. The dance forms are still prevalent in the state of Manipur and are performed on stage as well as on the auspicious occasions like [[Kartik Purnima]] and [[Sharad Purnima]] (full moon nights).<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Meitei |first1=Sanjenbam Yaiphaba |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FhUHEAAAQBAJ&q=Music+and+Dance+Radha+Krishna |title=The Cultural Heritage of Manipur|last2=Chaudhuri |first2=Sarit K. |last3=Arunkumar |first3=M. C. |date=2020-11-25 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-000-29629-7}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|surname=Singh |given=Kunj Bihari |year=2004 |orig-date=1963 |chapter=Manipur Vaishnavism: A Sociological Interpretation |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mc6GAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA125 |title=Sociology of Religion in India |editor=Rowena Robinson |series=Themes in Indian Sociology 3 |place=New Delhi |publisher=Sage Publ. India |pages=128 |url={{Google books|Mc6GAwAAQBAJ|page=|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}} |isbn=0-7619-9781-4}} 
</ref>

[[File:Ras Lila.jpg|thumb|upright|Artists depicting Radha Krishna's love story through Manipuri classical dance Raslila.]]

Another Indian classical dance form, [[Kathakali]] was also influenced by [[Vaishnavism]] and Radha Krishna based [[Gita Govinda]] tradition which along with other factors contributed in the evolution of this dance form.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Vatsyayan|first=Kapila|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gtuSDwAAQBAJ&q=Gujarat+dance|title=INDIAN CLASSICAL DANCE|date=1974|publisher=Publications Division Ministry of Information & Broadcasting|isbn=978-81-230-2957-3|language=en}}</ref> The predominant theme of North Indian Kathak dancing lies in the fleeting appearances and longer stories of Radha and [[Krishna]]. The sacred love of Krishna and his beloved Radha, are woven into all aspects of the Kathak dance and is clearly visible during the discussions of the music, costumes and finally the role of the Kathak dancer.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Lalli|first=Gina|date=2004-01-01|title=A North Indian Classical Dance Form: Lucknow Kathak|journal=Visual Anthropology|volume=17|issue=1|pages=19–43|doi=10.1080/08949460490273997|s2cid=145783433|issn=0894-9468}}</ref>

[[Ashtapadi]]s of Gita Govinda are also enacted in contemporary classical [[Odissi]] dance form.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kothari|first=Sunil|date=1981|title=Enactment of Gita Govinda in Neo-Classical Dance Forms|url=https://www.proquest.com/openview/ec4a7fb170a7567d64386a0e9794c18d/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=1816366|journal=Journal of Indian Musicology Society|volume=12|pages=53|via=ProQuest}}</ref> This dance form was originated in the temples. It is centered on the celestial love of Krishna and Radha. At one time, it was performed by the [[Devadasi]]s but now it has spread out to the homes and cultural institutions.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Sajnani|first=Manohar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nxtnsT8CdZ4C&pg=PA260|title=Encyclopaedia of Tourism Resources in India|date=2001|publisher=Gyan Publishing House|isbn=978-81-7835-018-9|language=en}}</ref>

=== Music ===
''[[Rasiya]]'' is a popular genre of [[Indian folk music]] from [[Braj]] region, [[Uttar Pradesh]]. It is commonly played and performed during the festivities in the villages and temples of Braj area.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Manuel |first=Peter |date=1994-01-01 |title=Syncretism and Adaptation in Rasiya, a Braj Folksong Genre |url=https://academicworks.cuny.edu/jj_pubs/312 |journal=Publications and Research}}</ref> The traditional songs of ''Rasiya'' are based on the divine portrayal and love of Radha and Krishna. They are frequently written from the female perspective of Radha and portray Krishna and his flirtation with her.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Langlois |first=Tony |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vTUrDwAAQBAJ&dq=Rasiya+Braj+Radha&pg=PA307 |title=Non Western Popular Music |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=2016 |isbn=978-0-7546-2984-9 |location=New York |pages=318 |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kumar |first=Mukesh |date=2019 |title=The Art of Resistance: The Bards and Minstrels' Response to Anti-Syncretism/Anti-liminality in north India |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-the-royal-asiatic-society/article/abs/art-of-resistance-the-bards-and-minstrels-response-to-antisyncretismantiliminality-in-north-india/655B711202BF2BDC05ED23E51BA17B48 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society |volume=29 |issue=2 |pages=225 |doi=10.1017/S1356186318000597 |s2cid=165691487 |via=Cambridge University Press}}</ref>

=== Culture ===
The residents of [[Braj]] region still greet each other with salutations like "''[[Radhe Radhe]]", "Jai Shri Radhe"'' and "''Radhe Shyam''", directing their mind to Radha and ultimate relationship she shares with Krishna. The image of Krishna rarely appears without Radha by his side in the temples of [[Vrindavan]]. It is not the Krishna who is worshiped, but Radha and Krishna together are worshiped.<ref>{{Citation|title=ONE. The Social Construction of Emotion in India|date=1990-12-31|work=Divine Passions|pages=3–34|publisher=University of California Press|doi=10.1525/9780520309753-002|isbn=978-0-520-30975-3|last1=Lynch |first1=Owen M. }}</ref>

In [[culture of Odisha]], Krishna is the cultural hero and his form [[Jagannath]], is the symbol of Oriya pride. His consort Radha is celebrated as the energy of Krishna and symbolically the energy of the cosmos. She is considered as the power of joy, the hladini [[shakti]] of Krishna and is often identified with both [[Durga]] and [[Mahakali]], the bright and dark forms of the cosmic energy. Krishna and Radha have entered the Oriya psyche and have inspired the mythic imagination of the Oriya poets in a big way. For the conscious and the informed, Krishna and Radha are the Universe and its harmony, the Energy and its joyful articulation, the cosmic dance and its rhythmic balance.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|last=Mohanty|first=Prafulla Kumar|date=2003|title=Mask and Creative Symbolisation in Contemporary Oriya Literature: Krishna, Radha and Ahalya|journal=Indian Literature|volume=47|issue=2 (214)|pages=181–189|jstor=23341400|issn=0019-5804}}</ref>

In Indian culture, Radha serve as an exemplary model of female-neutral subjectivity for all persons—an active, non-substantial, shared and strong self that rationally embrace their (religious) passions.<ref>{{Citation|last=Frazier|first=Jessica|title=Becoming the Goddess: Female Subjectivity and the Passion of the Goddess Radha|date=2010|work=New Topics in Feminist Philosophy of Religion: Contestations and Transcendence Incarnate|pages=199–215|editor-last=Anderson|editor-first=Pamela Sue|place=Dordrecht|publisher=Springer Netherlands|language=en|doi=10.1007/978-1-4020-6833-1_13|isbn=978-1-4020-6833-1}}</ref>

=== In popular culture ===
====Films====
*In the 1933 Bengali film ''[[Radha Krishna (1933 film)|Radha Krishna]]'', Radha was portrayed by Duniyabala.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DcUtCgAAQBAJ&q=Radha+Krishna+1933&pg=PA69|title=Bengali Cinema: 'An Other Nation'|last=Sharmistha Gooptu|date=November 2010|publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781136912177|access-date=3 May 2018}}</ref>
*In the 1938 Marathi film ''[[Gopal Krishna (1938 film)|Gopal Krishna]]'', Radha was portrayed by [[Shanta Apte]].
*In the 1971 Hindi film ''[[Shri Krishna Leela]]'', Radha was portrayed by Hina.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.citwf.com/film318824.htm|title=Shri Krishna Leela|author=Alan Goble|accessdate=17 September 2014|website=[[Complete Index to World Film]]}}</ref>
*In the 1979 Hindi film ''[[Gopal Krishna (1979 film)|Gopal Krishna]]'', Radha was portrayed by [[Zarina Wahab]]. 
*In the 2012 Hindi animated film ''[[Krishna Aur Kans]]'', Radha was voiced by Rajshree Nath.<ref>{{cite web|title='Krishna Aur Kans' set for widest ever domestic release of an Indian animation movie|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-07-26/news/32869469_1_gokulathil-kannan-movie-in-different-languages-english-movie|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812233618/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-07-26/news/32869469_1_gokulathil-kannan-movie-in-different-languages-english-movie|url-status=dead|archive-date=12 August 2014|work=The economic times|access-date=26 July 2012}}</ref>

====Television====
*In [[B. R. Chopra]]'s 1988 series ''[[Mahabharat (1988 TV series)|Mahabharat]]'', Radha was portrayed by Parijat.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-10-02|title=31 years of Mahabharat on Doordarshan: Interesting facts about one of most popular TV shows ever|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/entertainment/31-years-of-mahabharat-on-doordarshan-know-interesting-facts-about-one-of-most-popular-tv-shows-ever/1724556/|access-date=2020-07-24|website=The Financial Express|language=en-US}}</ref>
*In [[Ramanand Sagar]]'s 1993 series ''[[Shri Krishna (1993 TV series)|Shri Krishna]]'', Radha was portrayed by Reshma Modi and [[Shweta Rastogi]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-04-27 |title=After 'Ramayan' and 'Mahabharat', now 'Shri Krishna' is returning to Doordarshan |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/after-ramayan-and-mahabharat-now-shri-krishna-is-returning-to-doordarshan/articleshow/75400171.cms?utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst |access-date=2024-06-30 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>
* In the 2008 series ''[[Jai Shri Krishna (TV series)|Jai Shri Krishna]]'', Radha was portrayed by Kritika Sharma and [[Virti Vaghani]].
* In the 2008 series ''[[Kahaani Hamaaray Mahaabhaarat Ki]]'', Radha was portrayed by [[Puja Banerjee]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-newdelhi/Mahabharata-interpreted-differently/article15308422.ece|title=Mahabharata interpreted differently|newspaper=The Hindu |date=23 September 2008|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>
* In the 2013 series ''[[Mahabharat (2013 TV series)|Mahabharat]]'' , Radha was portrayed by [[Ketki Kadam]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/review-mahabharat-so-far-so-good-tv/20130917.htm|title=Review: Mahabharat, so far so good|publisher=Rediff|author=Nishi Tiwari|access-date=17 September 2013|archive-date=1 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220501105830/https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/review-mahabharat-so-far-so-good-tv/20130917.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
* In the 2016 series ''[[Baal Krishna]]'', Radha was portrayed by [[Gracy Goswami]].
* In the 2017 series ''[[Vithu Mauli]]'', Radha was portrayed by Pooja Katurde.
* In the 2018 series ''[[RadhaKrishn]]'', Radha was portrayed by [[Mallika Singh]] and [[Shivya Pathania]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Mallika Singh and Sumedh Mudgalkar: We feel fortunate, it's a blessing to portray Radha and Krishna|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/mallika-singh-and-sumedh-mudgalkar-we-feel-fortunate-its-a-blessing-to-portray-radha-and-krishna/articleshow/80886998.cms|access-date=2021-09-11|website=The Times of India|date=13 February 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
* In the 2019 series ''[[Dwarkadheesh Bhagwan Shree Krishn – Sarvkala Sampann]]'', Radha was portrayed by [[Chahat Pandey]].
* In the 2019 series ''[[Paramavatar Shri Krishna]]'', Radha was portrayed by Mahi Soni.
* In the 2019 series ''[[Shrimad Bhagwat Mahapuran]]'', Radha was portrayed by [[Shiny Doshi]].
* In the 2021 series [[Jai Kanhaiya Lal Ki (2021 TV series)|''Jai Kanhaiya Lal Ki'']], Radha was portrayed by Kiara Singh.
* In the 2022 series ''[[Brij Ke Gopal]]'', Radha was portrayed by [[Manul Chudasama]].
* In the 2024 series ''[[Lakshmi Narayan – Sukh Samarthya Santulan]]'', Radha was portrayed by [[Shivya Pathania]]