Editing Poznań (section)

==Culture and heritage==
[[File:Ayuntamiento, Poznan, Polonia, 2019-12-18, DD 07-09 HDR.jpg|thumb|right|The Renaissance [[Poznań Town Hall|Town Hall]] (1560, originally built in the late 13th century) now houses a museum.]]
{{see also|Poznań Old Town|Poznań Goats|Poznań Royal-Imperial Route|List of museums in Poznań|List of tourist attractions in Poznań}}

Poznań possesses many historic buildings and heritage sites, mostly concentrated around the [[Poznań Old Town|Old Town]] and other parts of the city centre. Many of these lie on the tourist [[Poznań Royal-Imperial Route|Royal-Imperial Route]] – a walk leading through the most important parts of the city showing its history, culture and identity. Parts of the city centre are listed as one of Poland's official national [[List of Historical Monuments (Poland)|historic monuments]], as designated 28 November 2008, along with other portions of the city's historic core. Its listing is maintained by the [[Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa|National Heritage Board of Poland]].<ref>{{cite book |author=Urząd Rady Ministrów |date=2008 |title=Dziennik ustaw Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej |volume=218-225 |location=Warszawa (Warsaw) |publisher=Urząd Rady Ministrów |pages=12117, 12118 |oclc=470854338 |language=pl}}</ref>

Apart from traditional theatres with a long history such as ''[[Grand Theatre, Poznań|Teatr Wielki]]'', ''[[Polish Theatre in Poznań|Teatr Polski]]'', ''Teatr Nowy'', and others like ''Teatr Animacji'', ''Teatr Muzyczny'' and Polish Dance Theatre, Poznań is also home to a growing number of different kind of [[Fringe theatre|alternative theatre]] groups. It is believed that even up to 30 more or less known groups may work in the city, and thus, the city has recently become a new Polish off-theatre performance centre.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rogulska |first=Anna |date=2016-09-28 |title=Poznań jest kopalnią alternatywy. Centrum Rezydencji Teatralnej Scena Robocza – Ogólnopolska Offensywa Teatralna |url=http://off-teatr.pl/2016/09/28/anna-rogulska-poznan-jest-kopalnia-alternatywy/ |access-date=2021-02-06 |website=off-teatr.pl |language=pl-PL |archive-date=6 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211206152726/http://off-teatr.pl/2016/09/28/anna-rogulska-poznan-jest-kopalnia-alternatywy/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
[[File:Widownia, TW Poznan.JPG|thumb|left|The audience of [[Grand Theatre, Poznań|Opera House]].]]

Classical music events include the [[Henryk Wieniawski Violin Competition]] which is held every 5 years, and classical music concerts by the [[Poznań Philharmonic]] orchestra held each month in the Hall of the [[Adam Mickiewicz University]], considered to be one of the best in terms of acoustics in Poland. Especially popular are concerts by the [[Poznań Nightingales]].

Poznań developed as one of the country's main centres of hip-hop and rap music in the 90s.{{citation needed|date=September 2024}}. Most rappers have been strongly linked to the Lech supporter scene and the club prominently features in their music. Arguably the most famous, [[Peja (rapper)|Peja]], was an ardent supporter since he was 15 years old, and was active in the [[Football hooliganism in Poland|hooligan scene]] in the 90s.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pejaslumsattack.pl/index.php?go=wywiad_olechu|title = PEJA SLUMS ATTACK – Oficjalna strona!}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://epoznan.pl/news-news-87359-peja_o_kibicach_lecha_w_pelni_ich_rozumiem_kazdemu_moze_skonczyc_sie_cierpliwosc|title=Peja o kibicach Lecha: w pełni ich rozumiem. Każdemu może skończyć się cierpliwość|website=epoznan.pl}}</ref> Evtis,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://niezalezna.pl/90923-to-ze-jeszcze-zyjesz-oznacza-ze-mnie-nie-spotkales-raper-i-kibol-grozi-lemingom|title = To, że jeszcze żyjesz oznacza, że mnie nie spotkałeś! – raper i kibol grozi "lemingom"}}</ref> Ascetoholix,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ekstraklasa.org/aktualnosci/liber-szacun-u-kibicow-6257 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190607150338/https://ekstraklasa.org/aktualnosci/liber-szacun-u-kibicow-6257 |archive-date=7 June 2019 |title=Liber: Szacun u kibiców – LOTTO Ekstraklasa – Strona oficjalna |access-date=28 March 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lechpoznan.pl/aktualnosci,2,czysta-gra-w-radiu-eska,22503.html|title = Czysta Gra w Radiu Eska|date = 20 February 2007}}</ref> Bzyk<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://niezalezna.pl/89107-raper-bzyk-kod-broni-demokracji-za-tuska-za-podobne-transparenty-byly-paly-i-gaz|title=Raper Bzyk: KOD broni demokracji?! Za Tuska za podobne transparenty były pały i gaz|website=niezalezna.pl}}</ref> and DJ Decks are all prominent supporters. The fans have produced recorded and released two rap CD's called ''Definicja Kibol'' and ''Definicja Kibol 2'' as compilation of various artists.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gloswielkopolski.pl/raperzy-z-wiary-lecha-zobacz-ich-w-teledysku-fanatycy-kolejorza-i-na-zdjeciach/ar/688423|title = Raperzy z Wiary Lecha. Zobacz ich w teledysku "Fanatycy Kolejorza" i na zdjęciach!|date = 30 October 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://kkslech.com/2014/02/05/nadchodzi-definicja-kibol-ii/ |title = Nadchodzi Definicja Kibol II – KKSLECH.com – KKS Lech Poznań – Serwis nieoficjalny}}</ref>

Other rappers include duo [[Pięć Dwa]], {{ill|Słoń|pl|Słoń (raper)}}, [[Paluch]], and {{ill|Nagły Atak Spawacza|pl}}.

Other contemporary notable local musicians include [[Adam Nowak]], the co-founder and leader of the band [[Raz, Dwa, Trzy]]; pop singer [[Sylwia Grzeszczak]]; rock band [[Pidżama Porno]]; and DJ duo [[Kalwi & Remi]].

[[File:Polish_St._Martin's_croissant_(Rogal_świętomarciński),_halved.jpg|thumb|right|[[St. Martin's croissant]].]]
Every year on 11 November, city residents celebrate the [[St. Martin's Day|Day of St. Martin]]. A procession of horses, with Saint Martin at its head, parades along Saint Martin Street (''ulica Święty Marcin''), in front of the Imperial Castle. The renowned [[St. Martin's Croissant]], a [[Geographical indications and traditional specialties in the European Union|regional product]] of Poznań, are widely sold during the festivities.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nitschke |first=Bernadetta |date=2002 |title=Europa regionów |location=Zielona Góra |publisher=Art-Druk, Regionalne Centrum Animacji Kultury |page=127 |oclc=749158108 |language=pl}}</ref>
[[File:Święty Marcin 6.jpg|thumb|right|[[Święty Marcin]] - the street where the annual parade takes place.]]
[[File:Jarmark na Placu Wolności, Poznań.jpg|thumb|Christmas market at Wolności Square]]

Since the year 2000, Poznań has hosted ''Betlejem Poznańskie'' a cultural and entertainment event associated with the [[Advent]] season and [[Christmas]]. The event begins with the onset of Advent and concludes on December 23. The central attraction is a live nativity scene featuring real animals, accompanied by a large stage where musical concerts, competitions, and various artistic and entertainment activities take place. Surrounding the nativity scene are numerous stalls offering handcrafted goods, regional products, traditional foods, mulled wine, and hot meals. The ambiance is reminiscent of German Christmas markets, known as Weihnachtsmarkte. In addition to the permanent attractions, ''Betlejem Poznańskie'' includes recurring events such as carol singing reviews, the election of the Poznań ''Gwiazdor'' (a fictional character who distributes gifts on Christmas Eve, appearing in [[Greater Poland]]'s tradition), art workshops, city games, and more.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://betlejempoznanskie.pl/|title = Betlejem poznańskie - oficjalna strona}}</ref>

A highlight is the International Ice Sculpture Festival, held annually since 2006. The event also features the ''Betlejemskie Światło Pokoju'' (Bethlehem Light of Peace) brought from the [[Church of the Nativity|Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem]]. During this time, city officials, the consular corps, and rectors of Poznań's universities exchange festive greetings.

An important cultural event in Poznań is the annual [[Malta Festival Poznań|Malta Festival]], which takes place at many city venues, usually in late June and early July. It hosts mainly modern experimental off-theatre performances often taking place on squares and other public spaces. It also includes cinema, visual, music and dancing events. Poznań also stages the [[Ale Kino! International Young Audience Film Festival]] in December, and Off Cinema festival of independent films. Other festivals: [[Animator (festival)|Animator]] (animated film festival), Ethno Port festival of traditional world's ethnic music, Maski Theater Festival, Dance International Workshops by Polish Dance Theater, Made in Chicago (jazz festival), Festival of Ice Sculpture, Science and Art Festival, Tzadik (Jewish music festival), and Meditations Biennale (modern art).

Poznań has several [[List of museums in Poznań|museums]] as well as cinemas, including [[multiplex (movie theater)|multiplexes]] and art-house institutions. The [[Rozbrat]] social centre, a [[Squatting|squatted]] former factory in [[Jeżyce, Poznań|Jeżyce]], serves as a home for independent and open-minded culture. It hosts frequent gigs, an anarchist library, vernissages, exhibitions, annual birthday festival in October, poetry evenings and graffiti festivals. The city centre has many clubs, pubs and coffee houses.

A popular venue is ''[[Lake Malta|Malta]]'', a park with an artificial lake situated in its centre. On one south bank of the lake there are ski and sleigh slopes of Malta Ski centre, and on the opposite bank a large complex of ''Termy Maltańskie'' swimming pools.

Poznań [[Zoo|Zoological Garden]] has two facilities. The [[Old Zoo (Poznan)|Old Zoo]] is one of the oldest in Poland, established in 1874 just west of the city centre.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.zoo.poznan.pl/page/view/7-English_Version |title=Welcome to Poznań ZOO |access-date=26 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180716214359/http://www.zoo.poznan.pl/page/view/7-English_Version |archive-date=16 July 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The large {{Convert|116|ha|acre|adj=on}} [[:pl:Nowe Zoo w Poznaniu|New Zoo]] was opened to the public in 1974, becoming second largest in Poland in terms of area. It is located on a hilly forest area with six large ponds at the eastern city's wedge of greenery, beyond the Malta lake. There is a dedicated and adored by children ''[[Park Railway Maltanka|Maltanka]]'' mini-railway, that starts the route near the ''[[Śródka, Poznań|Śródka]]'' roundabout.

<gallery mode="packed" heights="120" caption="Places of interest">
File:Poznań, Brama Poznania (straighten).jpg|''[[Śródka, Poznań|Śródka]]'s'' [[Porta Posnania]] with steel-glass footbridge over small [[Cybina|right branch]] of [[Warta]].
File:Iglesia de San Antonio de Padua, Poznan, Polonia, 2014-09-18, DD 43.jpg|Saint Anthony of Padua Church
File:Biblioteca Raczynski, Poznan, Polonia, 2014-09-18, DD 45.jpg|[[Raczyński Library]], erected in 1822–1828 with the financial support of Edward Raczyński Foundation
File:Teatro Polaco, Poznan, Polonia, 2014-09-18, DD 56.jpg|[[Polish Theatre, Poznań|Polish Theatre]], founded in 1885, the theatre's [[façade]] was adorned with the inscription "The Nation Unto Itself" (Polish: ''Naród sobie'')
File:Castillo Real, Poznan, Polonia, 2014-09-18, DD 42.jpg|Reconstructed [[Royal Castle, Poznań|Royal Castle]] of Duke [[Przemysł I of Greater Poland]]
File:More people.JPG|Poznań has many parks, large [[:pl:Ogród Botaniczny Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu|botanical garden]] and [[:pl:Palmiarnia Poznańska|palm house]]. Scene at ''Sołacki'' Park.
File:Poznan Goats (cropped).jpg|Old Market Square – [[Poznań Goats]].
File:Poznań, zespół urbanistyczno-architektoniczny Starego Rynku,(domki budnicze) nr. rej. A-195-72 z 10.11.1972 (cropped).JPG|[[Poznań Old Town#Old Market Square|Old Market Square]] – merchant houses, originally 16th century's herring stalls.
</gallery>