Editing Plautdietsch (section)

===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable"
|+ '''IPA chart of Mennonite Low German consonants'''
|-
!
![[Bilabial consonant|Bilabial]]
![[Labiodental consonant|Labiodental]]
![[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
![[postalveolar consonant|Postalveolar]]
![[Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
![[Velar consonant|Velar]]
![[Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|- align=center
![[Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| {{IPA|m}}
|
| {{IPA|n}}
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| {{IPA|ɲ}}&nbsp;<sup>1</sup>
| {{IPA|ŋ}}&nbsp;<sup>2</sup>
|
|- align=center
![[Stop consonant|Stop]]
| {{IPA|p}} {{IPA|b}}
|
| {{IPA|t}} {{IPA|d}}
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| {{IPA|c}} {{IPA|ɟ}}<sup>3</sup>
| {{IPA|k}} {{IPA|ɡ}}
| {{IPA|ʔ}}&nbsp;<sup>4</sup>
|- align=center
![[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
|
| {{IPA|f}} {{IPA|v}}&nbsp;<sup>5</sup>
| {{IPA|s}} {{IPA|z}}&nbsp;<sup>6</sup>
| {{IPA|ʃ}} {{IPA|ʒ}}&nbsp;<sup>7</sup>
| {{IPA|ç}} {{IPA|j}}&nbsp;<sup>8</sup>
| {{IPA|x}} ({{IPA|ɣ}})&nbsp;<sup>9</sup>
| {{IPA|h}}
|- align=center
![[Flap consonant|Flap]]
|
|
| {{IPA|ɾ}}&nbsp;<sup>10</sup>
|
|
|
|
|- align=center
![[Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
|
|
| {{IPA|ɹ}}&nbsp;<sup>10</sup>
|
|
|
|
|- align=center
![[Lateral consonant|Lateral]]
|
|
| {{IPA|l}} ({{IPA|ɫ}})&nbsp;<sup>11</sup>
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|
|
|
|}

Where symbols for consonants occur in pairs, the left represents the [[voicelessness|voiceless consonant]] and the right represents the [[voice (phonetics)|voiced consonant]]. Observations: According to the spelling system of De Bibel these sounds are spelled as follows:
# {{IPA|/ɲ/}} – {{angle bracket|nj}} as in ''Kjinja'' ("children")
# {{IPA|/ŋ/}} – {{angle bracket|ng}} as in ''Hunga'' ("hunger")
# {{IPA|/c ɟ/}} – {{angle bracket|kj}} and {{angle bracket|gj}} as in ''Kjoakj'' ("church") and ''Brigj'' ("bridge")
# {{IPA|/ʔ/}} – no letter, but has to be used if a word that begins with a vowel or a prefix is added to a word which by itself starts with a vowel: ve'achten (to despise)
# {{IPA|/f v/}} – {{IPA|/f/}} can be written as {{angle bracket|f}} or {{angle bracket|v}}: ''Fada'' ("male cousin"), ''Voda'' ("father"). The only criterion is the spelling of these words in German. {{IPA|/v/}} is spelled {{angle bracket|w}} as in German: ''Wota'' ("water")
# {{IPA|/s z/}} – at the beginning of a word and between vowels {{IPA|/z/}} is written {{angle bracket|s}}: ''sajen'' ("to say"), ''läsen'' ("to read"). The {{IPA|/s/}} sound is written {{angle bracket|z}} at the beginning of a word (where some speakers pronounce it {{IPA|[ts]}}), {{angle bracket|ss}} between vowels and final after a short vowel: ''Zocka'' ("sugar"), ''waussen'' ("to grow"), ''Oss'' ("ox"). At the end of a word after a long vowel or consonant both are written {{angle bracket|s}}, the reader has to know the word to pronounce the correct sound: ''Hos'' {{IPA|/hoz/}} ("rabbit"), ''Os'' {{IPA|/os/}} ("carrion").
# {{IPA|/ʃ ʒ/}} – {{angle bracket|sch}} and {{angle bracket|zh}} as in ''School'' ("school") and ''ruzhen'' ("rush"). {{angle bracket|sp}} and {{angle bracket|st}} represent {{IPA|/ʃp/}} and {{IPA|/ʃt/}} at the beginning of a word and if a prefix is attached to a word starting with {{angle bracket|sp}} or {{angle bracket|st}}: ''spälen'' ("to play") ''bestalen'' ("to order").
# {{IPA|/ç j/}} – {{angle bracket|j}} as in ''Joa'' ("year"). The {{IPA|/ç/}} sound is written {{angle bracket|ch}} after consonants, {{angle bracket|e}}, {{angle bracket|i}} and {{angle bracket|äa}}: ''Erfolch'' ("success"), ''Jesecht'' ("face"), ''Jewicht'' ("weight"), ''läach'' ("low"). After {{angle bracket|a}}, it is written {{angle bracket|jch}} to differentiate it from {{IPA|/x/}}: ''rajcht'' ("right")
# {{IPA|/x ɣ/}} – {{IPA|/x/}} is written {{angle bracket|ch}}, only occurs after back vowels: ''Dach'' ("day"), ''Loch'' ("hole"). {{IPA|[ɣ]}} (an allophone of {{IPA|/ɡ/}}) is rendered {{angle bracket|g}} between vowels and final: ''froagen'' ("to ask"), ''vondoag'' ("today"). At the beginning of a word and before consonants, g has the {{IPA|[ɡ]}} sound.
# {{IPA|/ɾ ɹ/}} – {{angle bracket|r}} is a flap (like the Spanish r), or depending on the person, even a trill (like Spanish {{angle bracket|rr}}), before vowels: ''root'' ("red"), ''groot'' ("big"), ''Liera'' ("teacher"); {{IPA|/ɹ/}} pronounced as an approximant (English r) before a consonant, at the end and in the -ren endings of Old Colony speakers: ''kort'' ("short"), ''ar'' ("her"), ''hieren'' ("to hear").{{Citation needed|reason=There is sometimes just speaker variation in the production of /r/ and if there is a clear rule as to which IPA /r/ is produced in which environment, the editor should cite a source.|date=August 2012}} The [[guttural R|uvular German r]] {{IPA|[ʀ]}} is not heard in Plautdietsch.
# {{IPA|/l ɫ/}} – {{IPA|[ɫ]}} is an allophone of {{IPA|[l]}} that occurs after vowels in words like ''Baul'' and ''well''.