Editing Pergamon (section)

===At the foot of the Acropolis===

====Sanctuary of Asclepius (Asclepieion)====
{{Main|Asclepieion of Pergamon}}

[[File:Pergamon Acropolis.jpg|thumb|right|View of Acropolis from the Sanctuary of Asclepius]]
{{convert | 3 | km | abbr=off | spell=In}} south of the Acropolis (at 39° 7′ 9″ N, 27° 9′ 56″ E), down in the valley, is the Sanctuary of [[Asclepius]], the god of healing. The Sanctuary of Asclepius, more commonly left untranslated [[Asclepieion]] (from Greek), or sometimes Asclepium (from Latin), was approached along an {{Convert | 1=820 | 2=m | adj=on}} colonnaded sacred way. In this place people with health problems could bathe in the water of the sacred spring, and in the patients' dreams Asclepius would appear in a vision to tell them how to cure their illness. Archeology has found many gifts and dedications that people would make afterwards, such as small terracotta body parts, no doubt representing what had been healed. [[Galen]], the most famous doctor in the ancient Roman Empire and personal physician of Emperor [[Marcus Aurelius]], worked in the Asclepieion for many years.<ref>Tucker, p. 36.</ref> 

Notable extant structures in the Asclepieion include:
* the Roman theater
* the North Stoa
* the South Stoa
* the Temple of Asclepius
** in some sources, referred to as the Temple of Zeus Asclepius, or the Temple of Zeus Asclepius Soter ([[Soter|"Soter" being an epithet meaning "savior"]]), since there is evidence that {{Ill|L. Cuspius Pactumeius Rufinus|de}}, who constructed the temple, dedicated it to this new syncretic god<ref>{{
Cite thesis
| access-date=2023-09-17
| date=April 2016
| degree=PhD
| first=Ghislaine E. [Elisabeth] van der
| institution=[[University of Warwick]]
| last=Ploeg
| page=142
| quote=It would seem that Hadrian had a definite impact upon the Pergamene sanctuary and this is best articulated in the creation of a new god here, the syncretic universal deity Zeus-Asclepius to whom a temple was built on site
| title=The Impact of the Roman Empire on the Cult of Asclepius
| url=http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/79956
}}</ref><ref>{{
Cite book
| author3=Deutsches Archäologisches Institut
| first1=Christian
| first2=Michael
| isbn=9783110011975
| issn=1868-9876
| language=de
| last1=Habicht
| last2=Wörrle
| number=3
| oclc=2517016
| page=13
| publication-place=Berlin
| publisher=Walter de Gruyter & Co.
| series=Altertümer von Pergamon
| title=Die Inschriften des Asklepieions
| url=https://archive.org/details/dieinschriftende0000habi/page/12/mode/2up
| volume=8
| year=1969
}}</ref><ref>{{
Cite book
| access-date=2023-09-17
| chapter=Rebuilding the Myth of Asklepios at the Sanctuary of Epidauros in the Roman Period
| date=2010
| editor1-first=A. D.
| editor1-last=Rizakēs
| editor2-first=Cl. E.
| editor2-last=Lepenioti
| first1=Milena
| isbn=9789607905543
| last1=Melfi
| location=Athēna
| oclc=50169190
| pages=329–340
| publisher=Kentron Hellēnikēs kai Rōmaikēs Archaiotētos
| series=Roman Peloponnese
| title=Economy and Culture under the Roman Empire: Continuity and Innovation
| url=https://www.academia.edu/1397676
| volume=3
}}</ref>
* a circular treatment center (sometimes known as the Temple of Telesphorus)
* a healing spring
* an underground passageway
* a library
* the Via Tecta (or the Sacred Way, which is a colonnaded street leading to the sanctuary)
* a [[Propylaea|propylon]]

====Serapis Temple====
[[File:Red basilica west view.jpg|thumb|The [[Red Basilica]]]]
Pergamon's other notable structure is the great temple of the Egyptian gods [[Isis]] and/or [[Serapis]], known today as the [[Red Basilica]] (or ''Kızıl Avlu'' in Turkish), about {{convert|1|km|spell=in|abbr=off}} south of the Acropolis at (39 7' 19" N, 27 11' 1" E). It consists of a main building and two round towers within an enormous ''temenos'' or sacred area. The temple towers flanking the main building had courtyards with pools used for ablutions at each end, flanked by stoas on three sides. The forecourt of the Temple of Isis/Sarapis is still supported by the {{convert|193|m|ft|adj=mid|abbr=off|-wide}} [[Pergamon Bridge]], the largest bridge substruction of antiquity.<ref>{{harvnb|Grewe|Özis|1994|pp=350, 352}}</ref>

According to [[Christian tradition]], in the year 92 [[Saint Antipas]], the first [[bishop of Pergamum]] ordained by [[John the Apostle]], was a victim of an early clash between Serapis worshippers and [[Christians]]. An angry mob is said to have [[Death by burning|burned Saint Antipas alive]] in front of the Temple inside a [[brazen bull]]-like [[incense]] [[censer|burner]], which represented the [[Sacred Bull|bull]] [[Deity|god]] [[Apis (deity)|Apis]].<ref>Tucker, p. 34.</ref> His [[martyrdom]] is one of the first recorded in [[History of Christianity|Christian history]], highlighted by the [[New Testament|Christian Scripture]] itself through the [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=revelation+2%3A13&version=KJV message] sent to the [[Seven Churches|Pergamon Church]] in the [[Book of Revelation]].

{{wide image|Pergamon 10.jpg|890px|align-cap=center| Panoramic view of Pergamon and the modern city of [[Bergama]].}}