Editing Peace (section)

==Ideological beliefs==

===Pacifism===
{{Main|Pacifism}}
[[File:Peace symbol (bold).svg|thumb|upright|A peace sign, which is widely associated with pacifism]]
Pacifism is the categorical opposition to the behaviors of war or violence as a means of settling disputes or of gaining advantage. Pacifism covers a spectrum of views ranging from the belief that international disputes can and should all be resolved via peaceful behaviors; to calls for the abolition of various organizations which tend to institutionalize aggressive behaviors, such as the military, or arms manufacturers; to opposition to any organization of society that might rely in any way upon governmental force. Groups that sometimes oppose the governmental use of force include [[Anarcho-pacifism|anarchists]] and [[Libertarianism|libertarians]]. Absolute pacifism opposes violent behavior under all circumstance, including defense of self and others.

Pacifism may be based on moral principles (a [[deontological]] view) or pragmatism (a [[consequentialist]] view). Principled pacifism holds that all forms of violent behavior are inappropriate responses to conflict, and are morally wrong. Pragmatic pacifism holds that the costs of war and inter-personal violence are so substantial that better ways of resolving disputes must be found.

===Inner peace, meditation and prayerfulness===
{{main|Inner peace}}
[[File:Abbot of Watkungtaphao in Phu Soidao Waterfall.jpg|thumb|upright|Buddhist monk during meditation near [[Phu Soi Dao National Park|Phu Soidao National Park]], 2009]]
Psychological or inner peace (i.e. peace of mind) refers to a state of being internally or spiritually at peace, with sufficient clarity of knowledge and understanding to remain calm in the face of apparent discord, stress and discomfort. Being internally "at peace" is considered to be a healthy playable mental state, a [[homeostasis]] of emotions and to be the opposite of feeling stressful, mentally anxious, or emotionally unstable. Within meditative traditions, the achievement of "peace of mind" is often associated with bliss and happiness.

Peace of mind, serenity, and calmness are descriptions of a disposition free from the effects of stress. In some meditative traditions, inner peace is believed to be a state of consciousness or enlightenment that may be cultivated by various types of meditation, prayer, [[tai chi]], yoga, or other various types of mental or physical disciplines. Many such practices refer to this peace as an experience of knowing oneself. An emphasis on finding inner peace is often associated with traditions such as [[Buddhism]], [[Hinduism]], and some traditional Christian contemplative practices such as [[monasticism]],<ref>{{cite book|title=Essential Writings of Christian Mysticism|page=163|year=2006|first=Bernard|last=McGinn}}</ref> as well as with the [[New Age]] movement.

===Non-aggression principle===
The [[non-aggression principle]] asserts that aggression against an individual or an individual's property is always an immoral violation of life, liberty, and property rights.<ref>{{multiref2
|1={{cite web|first=Sheldon|last=Richman|url=https://reason.com/2015/03/29/how-many-rights/|title=For Libertarians, There Is Only One Fundamental Right|date=29 March 2015|website=Reason|access-date=24 February 2022|archive-date=8 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308222328/https://reason.com/2015/03/29/how-many-rights/|url-status=live}}
|2={{cite web|first=Laurence M.|last=Vance|url=https://www.fff.org/explore-freedom/article/the-morality-of-libertarianism/|title=The Morality of Libertarianism|date=1 October 2015|website=The Future of Freedom Foundation|access-date=24 July 2023|archive-date=24 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230724215144/https://www.fff.org/explore-freedom/article/the-morality-of-libertarianism/|url-status=live}} }}</ref> Utilizing deceit instead of consent to achieve ends is also a violation of the Non-Aggression Principle. Therefore, under the framework of this principle, rape, murder, deception, involuntary taxation, government regulation, and other behaviors that initiate aggression against otherwise peaceful individuals are considered violations.<ref>{{Cite web|first=Walter|last=Block|url=https://archive.lewrockwell.com/block/block26.html|title=The Non-Aggression Axiom of Libertarianism|publisher=[[Lew Rockwell]]|access-date=2016-03-22|archive-date=24 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230724215144/https://archive.lewrockwell.com/block/block26.html|url-status=live}}</ref> A common elevator pitch for this principle is, "Good ideas don't require force."<ref>{{cite web|first=Barry|last=Popik|url=https://www.barrypopik.com/index.php/new_york_city/entry/good_ideas_dont_require_force|title="Good ideas don't require force"|date=4 July 2021|website=The Big Apple|access-date=24 February 2022|archive-date=8 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308151437/https://www.barrypopik.com/index.php/new_york_city/entry/good_ideas_dont_require_force|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Satyagraha===
{{Main|Satyagraha}}
[[File:Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. at a civil rights march on Washington D.C. in 1963.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Martin Luther King Jr.]], president of the [[Southern Christian Leadership Conference]], and Mathew Ahmann, executive director of the National Catholic Conference for Interracial Justice, at a civil rights march on Washington, D.C.]]
Satyagraha is a philosophy and practice of [[nonviolent resistance]] developed by [[Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi]]. He deployed satyagraha techniques in campaigns for [[Indian independence movement|Indian independence]] and also during his earlier struggles in [[South Africa]].

The word ''satyagraha'' itself was coined through a public contest that Gandhi sponsored through the newspaper he published in South Africa, ''[[Indian Opinion]]'', when he realized that neither the common, contemporary Hindu language nor the English language contained a word which fully expressed his own meanings and intentions when he talked about his nonviolent approaches to conflict. According to Gandhi's autobiography, the contest winner was Maganlal Gandhi (presumably no relation), who submitted the entry 'sadagraha', which Gandhi then modified to 'satyagraha'. Etymologically, this Hindic word means 'truth-firmness', and is commonly translated as 'steadfastness in the truth' or 'truth-force'.

Satyagraha theory also influenced [[Martin Luther King Jr.]], [[James Bevel]], and others during the campaigns they led during the [[civil rights movement]] in the United States. The theory of satyagraha sees means and ends as inseparable. Therefore, it is contradictory to try to use violence to obtain peace. As Gandhi wrote: "They say, 'means are, after all, means'. I would say, 'means are, after all, everything'. As the means so the end..."<ref>{{citation|editor-first1=R.K.|editor-last1=Prabhu|editor-first2=U.R.|editor-last2=Rao|chapter-url=https://www.mkgandhi.org/momgandhi/chap45.htm|chapter=The Gospel Of Sarvodaya|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927001300/http://www.mkgandhi.org/momgandhi/chap45.htm |archive-date=27 September 2011|title=The Mind of Mahatma Gandhi|location=Ahemadabad, India|edition=Revised|year=1967}}</ref> A quote sometimes attributed to Gandhi, but also to [[A. J. Muste]], sums it up: "There is no way to peace; peace is the way".{{citation needed|date=July 2023}}