Editing Paleoclimatology (section)

===Mechanisms===
On timescales of millions of years, the uplift of mountain ranges and subsequent [[weathering]] processes of rocks and soils and the [[subduction]] of [[tectonic plates]], are an important part of the [[carbon cycle]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Caldeira|first=Ken|title=Enhanced Cenozoic chemical weathering and the subduction of pelagic carbonate|journal=Nature|date=18 June 1992|volume=357|pages=578–581|doi=10.1038/357578a0|issue=6379|bibcode=1992Natur.357..578C|s2cid=45143101}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author1=Cin-Ty Aeolus Lee|author2=Douglas M. Morton|author3=Mark G. Little|author4=Ronald Kistler|author5=Ulyana N. Horodyskyj|author6=William P. Leeman|author7=Arnaud Agranier|title=Regulating continent growth and composition by chemical weathering|journal=PNAS|date=28 January 2008|volume=105|pages=4981–4986|doi=10.1073/pnas.0711143105|issue=13|pmid=18362343|pmc=2278177|bibcode=2008PNAS..105.4981L|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=van der Meer|first=Douwe|title=Plate tectonic controls on Atmospheric CO2 since the Triassic|journal=PNAS|date=25 March 2014|volume=111|pages=4380–4385|doi=10.1073/pnas.1315657111|issue=12|pmid=24616495|pmc=3970481|bibcode=2014PNAS..111.4380V|doi-access=free}}</ref> The weathering [[Co2 sequestration|sequesters {{CO2}}]], by the reaction of minerals with chemicals (especially [[silicate]] weathering with {{CO2}}) and thereby removing {{CO2}} from the atmosphere and reducing the radiative forcing. The opposite effect is [[volcanism]], responsible for the natural [[greenhouse effect]], by emitting {{CO2}} into the atmosphere, thus affecting [[glaciation]] (Ice Age) cycles. [[James Hansen|Jim Hansen]] suggested that humans emit {{CO2}} 10,000 times faster than natural processes have done in the past.<ref>{{cite web|year=2009|author=James Hansen|title=The 8 Minute Epoch 65 million Years with James Hansen|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pgC8yZT--0A| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/pgC8yZT--0A| archive-date=2021-12-11 | url-status=live|publisher=University of Oregon|author-link=James Hansen}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

[[Ice sheet]] dynamics and continental positions (and linked vegetation changes) have been important factors in the long term evolution of the Earth's climate.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Royer|first1=D. L.|last2=Pagani|first2=M.|last3=Beerling|first3=David J.|author-link3=David Beerling|title=Geobiological constraints on Earth system sensitivity to CO2 during the Cretaceous and Cenozoic|journal=Geobiology|date=1 July 2012|volume=10|issue=4|pages=298–310|doi=10.1111/j.1472-4669.2012.00320.x|pmid=22353368|bibcode=2012Gbio...10..298R |s2cid=32023645|citeseerx=10.1.1.933.8880}}</ref> There is also a close correlation between {{CO2}} and temperature, where {{CO2}} has a strong control over global temperatures in Earth's history.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Royer|first=Dana L.|title=CO2-forced climate thresholds during the Phanerozoic|journal=Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta|date=1 December 2006|volume=70|issue=23|pages=5665–5675|doi=10.1016/j.gca.2005.11.031|bibcode=2006GeCoA..70.5665R}}</ref>