Editing Pacific Northwest (section)

==Culture==
[[File:Cascadia Flag (7134901861).jpg|thumb|A man in [[Portland, Oregon]] with [[Doug flag|Cascadian flag]] on [[May Day|International Workers' Day]], 2012]]
Although the dominant culture in the Pacific Northwest today is [[Anglo-Americans|Anglo-American]], [[English Canadian|Anglo-Canadian]], and [[Scandinavian Americans|Scandinavian American]], there is significant [[Mexican people|Mexican]] and [[Chinese people|Chinese]] influence. 23% of Vancouver, British Columbia, is Chinese, and 50% of residents of the City of Vancouver do not speak English as their first language.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/travel/chi-frommer-vancouver-1207__r_t_dec07%2C0%2C6420476.story|work=[[Chicago Tribune]]|title=Vancouver's melting pot makes a terrific cultural stew|date=December 8, 2008|author=Arthur Frommer|url-status=bot: unknown|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203020833/http://www.chicagotribune.com/travel/chi-frommer-vancouver-1207__r_t_dec07%2C0%2C6420476.story|archive-date=December 3, 2013}}</ref> Parts of Oregon and Washington are [[bilingual]] in both English and Spanish, and Native American culture is strong throughout the Pacific Northwest.

===Counterculture===

The Pacific Northwest's liberal political leanings and remote location have given the region a reputation for counterculture.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Team |first1=Gale Review |title=The Pacific Coast Counterculture Collection |url=https://review.gale.com/2023/12/19/an-interdisciplinary-treasure-chest-the-pacific-coast-counterculture-collection/ |website=review.gale.com |date=19 December 2023}}</ref> This reputation includes the region's major cities, particularly Portland,<ref>{{cite web |title=Portland is a hive of individuality, creativity and sustainability |url=https://www.euronews.com/travel/2023/11/22/portlands-unique-approach-to-everything-makes-it-a-must-visit-us-city |website=euronews |language=en |date=22 November 2023}}</ref> but also extends to smaller urban areas such as [[Olympia, Washington]] and [[Eugene, Oregon]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Michaels |first1=Athanasios |title=Cold War and Counterculture |url=https://openoregon.pressbooks.pub/oregonhistory/chapter/chapter-8-cold-war-and-counterculture/ |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=This Is The Most Hippie Town In Washington |url=https://www.iheart.com/content/2022-05-19-this-is-the-most-hippie-town-in-washington/ |website=iHeart |language=en}}</ref>  This reputation may stem from the [[hippie movement]], which began in the Pacific Northwest and California. 

===Drug use===

[[Cannabis (drug)|Cannabis]] use is relatively popular, especially around Vancouver, Victoria, Bellingham, Seattle, Olympia, Portland, and Eugene. Several of these jurisdictions have made arrests for cannabis a low enforcement priority. Medical marijuana is legal in British Columbia,<ref>[http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/marihuana/about-apropos/faq-eng.php Frequently Asked Questions – Medical Use of Marihuana], Health Canada</ref> Washington,<ref>[http://apps.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=69.51A&full=true Washington Medical Marijuana Legality], Washington State RCW</ref> and Oregon,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oregon.gov/DHS/ph/ommp/data.shtml |title=Oregon Medical Marijuana Legality |work=Oregon.gov |date=February 1, 2011 |access-date=February 19, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090122075751/http://oregon.gov/DHS/ph/ommp/data.shtml |archive-date=January 22, 2009 }}</ref> as well as in Alaska, which has legalised cannabis and has many licensed dispensaries,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://juneauempire.com/state/2011-05-22/without-dispensaries-alaska-has-avoided-federal-medical-marijuana-prosecutions#.T9rSBplYv2w|agency=Juneau Empire|title=Without dispensaries, Alaska has avoided federal medical marijuana prosecutions|last=Richardson|first=Jeff|date=May 22, 2011|access-date=June 14, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712200434/http://juneauempire.com/state/2011-05-22/without-dispensaries-alaska-has-avoided-federal-medical-marijuana-prosecutions#.T9rSBplYv2w|archive-date=July 12, 2012}}</ref> and in Yukon, although less than 50 of the territory's residents are licensed to use medical marijuana, and no legal dispensaries operate within its borders.<ref>{{cite news|title=Medical marijuana, coming to a store near you|url=http://www.yukon-news.com/news/18050/|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130210083652/http://www.yukon-news.com/news/18050/|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 10, 2013|agency=Yukon News|last=Oke|first=Chris|date=May 14, 2010|access-date=June 14, 2012}}</ref> As of December&nbsp;6, 2012, possession of less than an ounce of marijuana for recreational use by persons over 21 years of age became legal in Washington state as a result of state ballot measure [[Washington Initiative 502|Initiative 502]], which was approved by the state's voters on November&nbsp;6, 2012, by a ten-point margin. As of July&nbsp;1, 2015, recreational marijuana use was legalized in Oregon as well.<ref>{{cite news
 | last =Martin
 | first =Jonathan
 | title =Voters agree to legalize pot
 | newspaper =Seattle Times
 | date =November 6, 2012
 | url =http://blogs.seattletimes.com/politicsnorthwest/2012/11/06/marijuana-legalization-takes-commanding-lead/
 | access-date =November 6, 2012
 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20121109134400/http://blogs.seattletimes.com/politicsnorthwest/2012/11/06/marijuana-legalization-takes-commanding-lead/
 | archive-date =November 9, 2012
 | url-status =dead
 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| url = http://vote.wa.gov/results/current/Initiative-Measure-No-502-Concerns-marijuana.html
| title = November 5, 2012 General Election Results.
| publisher = The state of Washington
| date = November 5, 2012
| url-status = dead
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121112201331/http://vote.wa.gov/RESULTS/CURRENT/Initiative-Measure-No-502-Concerns-marijuana.html
| archive-date = November 12, 2012
}}</ref>

===Environmentalism===
[[Environmentalism]] is prominent throughout the region, especially west of the Cascades. Environmentally conscious services such as [[recycling]] and [[public transportation]] are widespread, most notably in the more populous areas. Politically, the Pacific Northwest is actively involved in environmental efforts. The international organization [[Greenpeace]] was born in Vancouver in 1970 as part of a large public opposition movement in British Columbia to US nuclear weapons testing on [[Amchitka Island]] in the Aleutian Islands. Liberal and conservative Northwesterners, such as former U.S. Senator [[Slade Gorton]] (R-WA) and moderate Democrats like former Speaker of the House [[Tom Foley]] (D-WA), have been prominent in the development of conservative approaches to environmental protection. Seattle in particular is also home to a large number of publications and institutions concerned with the environment and sustainability, including both ''[[Worldchanging]]'' and ''[[Grist (magazine)|Grist.org]]'', the U.S.'s two largest online green magazines. The Pacific Northwest is also noted for a large number of gardening clubs, with Victoria having an annual flower count in February.

The direct-intervention oceanic protection group known as the [[Sea Shepherd Conservation Society]] has its headquarters in [[Friday Harbor, Washington|Friday Harbor]] on [[San Juan Island]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.seattlepi.com/local/sound/article/Anti-whaling-boat-owned-by-San-Juan-s-Sea-896937.php |title=Anti-whaling boat owned by San Juan's Sea Shepherd Society takes on water near Antarctica |date=January 6, 2010 |work=Journal of the San Juans |access-date=September 11, 2016}}</ref>

In British Columbia, environmentalists fought to protect [[Clayoquot Sound]] in the 1980s and 1990s. More recently the province has agreed to environmental protections in the [[Great Bear Rainforest]].

===Music===
{{main|Music of the Pacific Northwest}}
The Pacific Northwest has a rich history in incubating and promoting musicians. It is best known for [[indie (music)|indie music]], especially [[grunge]], [[alternative rock]], and [[heavy metal music|metal]]; the region also has [[folk music]] and [[world music]] traditions and has lately gained notice for its [[Hip hop music in the Pacific Northwest|hip hop scene]]. Many acts are associated with the record label [[Sub Pop]], based in Seattle; independent labels [[K Records]] of Olympia and [[Kill Rock Stars]] of Olympia and Portland are also prominent. 

The Seattle-based radio station [[KEXP]] has gained a national reputation for promoting [[indie rock|indie]] and alternative music.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hay |first1=Brendan |title=Left of the Dial: Seattle’s KEXP Heals What Ails Its Listeners |url=https://www.spin.com/2025/03/left-of-the-dial-seattles-kexp-heals-what-ails-its-listeners/ |website=SPIN |date=18 March 2025}}</ref> Among the Northwest's largest music festivals are the [[Merritt Mountain Music Festival]], the [[Vancouver Folk Music Festival]], the [[Sasquatch! Music Festival]] in [[George, Washington]], Seattle's [[Bumbershoot]], Boise's [[Treefort Music Fest]], and Portland's [[MusicfestNW]]; smaller festivals across the region are held frequently. Portland's Waterfront Blues Festival is the largest blues-based festival west of the Mississippi River.

Among the most notable rock artists originating from the region are [[Elliott Smith]], [[Jimi Hendrix]], [[Nirvana (band)|Nirvana]], [[Modest Mouse]], [[Pearl Jam]], [[Soundgarden]], [[Alice in Chains]], [[Foo Fighters]], [[the Decemberists]], and [[Sleater-Kinney]]. The history of Northwest rock, however, finds its roots in the mid-1950s and 1960s with such bands as [[the Sonics]], [[the Ventures]], [[the Kingsmen]], and [[Paul Revere & the Raiders|Paul Revere and the Raiders]].<ref>''"Louie Louie" and the History of Northwest Rock and Radio''. DVD. Directed by SoundWorks USA. Rolling Bay, WA: Soundworks USA, 2012.</ref> Pop and hip-hop musicians including [[Quincy Jones]], [[Macklemore]], and [[Amine]] also hail from the region.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Staff |first1=Gabe Katzman, KOMO News |title='Moving to Seattle forever changed me': Music legend Quincy Jones had deep PNW roots |url=https://komonews.com/news/local/quincy-jones-music-grammy-ray-charles-garfield-high-school-bremerton-pnw-pacific-northwest |website=KOMO |language=en |date=4 November 2024}}</ref>

===Cuisine===
{{main|Pacific Northwest cuisine}}
Foods typical of the Pacific Northwest include [[Salmon|wild salmon]], [[halibut]], [[shellfish]], [[huckleberry|huckleberries]], [[Marionberry|marionberries]], a wide variety of [[Asian cuisine]]s, and locally produced fruits, vegetables, and cheeses.<ref name="jackson">{{cite web |author1=[[Brooke Jackson-Glidden]] |title=The 15 Essential Foods of the Pacific Northwest |url=https://www.eater.com/2019/6/5/18643241/regional-food-pacific-northwest-salmon-candy-seattle-dogs |work=The Eater |access-date=August 24, 2019 |date=June 5, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Seattle, A Tasting Menu|url=http://travel.nytimes.com/2011/06/12/travel/eating-in-and-around-seattle.html?hpw|last=Bruni|first=Frank|work=The New York Times|date=June 10, 2011|access-date=June 11, 2011}}</ref>

[[Chinese cuisine|Chinese]], [[Japanese cuisine|Japanese]], [[Korean cuisine|Korean]], [[Indian cuisine|Indian]], [[Italian cuisine|Italian]], Mexican, and [[Greek cuisine]]s are prevalent throughout the Northwest, and reflect the historically strong presence of those communities in the restaurant industry there. [[Teriyaki]] restaurants are particularly common in the Seattle area.<ref name=edge>{{citation |last=Edge |first=John T. |title=A City's Specialty, Japanese in Name Only | newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=January 5, 2010 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/06/dining/06unit.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0}}</ref><ref name=kauffman>{{citation |last=Kauffman |first=Jonathan |title=How Teriyaki Became Seattle's Own Fast-Food Phenomenon |newspaper=[[Seattle Weekly]] |date=August 14, 2007 |url=http://www.seattleweekly.com/2007-08-15/food/how-teriyaki-became-seattle-s-own-fast-food-phenomenon/ |access-date=March 4, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609211001/http://www.seattleweekly.com/2007-08-15/food/how-teriyaki-became-seattle-s-own-fast-food-phenomenon |archive-date=June 9, 2013}}</ref> Eateries featuring [[West Asian cuisine|West Asian]] (predominantly [[Persian cuisine|Persian]]), [[Asian cuisine|East Asian fusion]], and [[South Asian cuisine|South Asian]] (predominantly [[Punjabi cuisine|Punjabi]]) cuisines are common throughout in Greater Vancouver, as are ethnic specialty restaurants of all kinds. Ethnic staples ranging from frozen [[pierogi]] or [[samosas]] to frozen [[spring rolls]] or [[dim sum]] are common in most supermarkets in these communities.

Locally-made craft beers, ciders, and premium wines from various wine-growing areas within the region are popular with drinkers and diners. Northern latitude and coastal breezes create a climate that attracts international recognition for its mostly family-owned and operated vineyards and wineries.

Portland is a major microbrewery center in America,<ref>{{cite news| url=http://travel.nytimes.com/2009/05/10/travel/10Portland.html | work=The New York Times | title=Frugal Portland | first=Matt | last=Gross | date=May 10, 2009 | access-date=May 20, 2010}}</ref> and is home to [[List of Oregon breweries|numerous breweries]].

===Separatism===

There have been proposals for certain parts of the Pacific Northwest becoming its own country because of the shared [[ecoregion]] and culture,<ref>[http://republic-of-cascadia.tripod.com/ The Republic of Cascadia] Retrieved on December 23, 2009</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://cascadia-bioregion.tripod.com/ |title=Retrieved on 2009-12-23 |work=Cascadia-bioregion.tripod.com |date=May 3, 1924 |access-date=February 19, 2011}}</ref> the most well-known being [[Cascadia (independence movement)|Cascadia]]. However, the region is strongly divided by the international border, and this division grew more rather than less powerful over the 20th&nbsp;century.<ref name=abbott>{{cite book |last= Abbott |first= Carl |editor1-last= Findlay |editor1-first= John M. |editor2-last= Coates |editor2-first= Ken S. |title= Parallel Destinies: Canadian-American Relations West of the Rockies |year= 2002 |publisher= University of Washington Press |isbn= 978-0-295-98252-6 |pages= 203–213–5 |chapter= 8. That Long Western Border |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=4leTYpWOE5UC&pg=PA203 |access-date=December 14, 2010}}</ref> Carl Abbott argues that, given the twin factors of limited economic integration vis-a-vis NAFTA, and cultural similarities, he views the major cities as "going their separate ways" as east–west gateways of commerce, competing with each other, rather than forming north–south connectors of a tentative "mega-region".<ref name=abbott/>

===Sports===
[[File:Qwest seattle sounders pregame.jpg|thumb|Lumen Field, home of Seattle Seahawks and Sounders FC]]
Skiing, snowboarding, cycling, mountaineering, hiking, camping, hunting, fishing, boating, and [[water sports]] are popular outdoor activities. Vancouver, Seattle, Tacoma, Portland, Boise and Victoria are home to numerous professional sports teams, including the [[Abbotsford Canucks]], [[BC Bears]], [[BC Lions]], [[Eugene Emeralds]], [[Everett AquaSox]], [[Everett Silvertips]], [[Fraser Valley Bandits]], [[Hillsboro Hops]], [[Seattle Reign FC]], [[Portland Thorns FC]], [[Portland Timbers (MLS)|Portland Timbers]], [[Portland Trail Blazers]], [[Portland Winterhawks]], [[Salem-Keizer Volcanoes]], [[Seattle Dragons]], [[Seattle Mariners]], [[Seattle Seahawks]], [[Seattle Seawolves]], [[Seattle Sounders FC]], [[Seattle Storm]], [[Seattle Thunderbirds]], [[Seattle Kraken]], [[Pacific FC]], [[Tacoma Defiance]], [[Tacoma Rainiers]], [[Tri City Americans]], [[Vancouver Canadians]], [[Vancouver Canucks]], [[Vancouver Warriors]], [[Vancouver Giants]], [[Vancouver Whitecaps FC]], [[Boise Hawks]], [[Idaho Steelheads]], [[Idaho Horsemen]], [[Idaho Falls Chukars]]  and [[Victoria Royals]].

The region's three USSF Division 1 [[Major League Soccer]] teams the Whitecaps FC, Sounders FC, and Timbers play to sold-out crowds and compete annually for the [[Cascadia Cup]]. The USSF Division 4 [[USL Premier Development League]] also has seven teams in the Northwest Division. In addition to all this, the region has its own representative non-FIFA team which joined the [[N.F.-Board]] officially in 2013 to participate in friendlies and the [[VIVA World Cup]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Non-FIFA Cascadia National Team officially approved by NF-Board |url=https://cascadiaunderground.org/non-fifa-cascadia-national-team-officially-accepted-by-nf-board/ |website=Cascadia Underground |date=July 26, 2013 |access-date=January 29, 2019}}</ref>

In 2018, the [[Cascadia Association Football Federation]] competed in the [[2018 ConIFA World Football Cup]] representing the Pacific Northwest.

Vancouver is home to a 4-team league for [[Australian football]], the British Columbia Australian Football League, one of several [[Australian rules football in Canada|Canadian Australian football leagues]].

Hockey is the most popular spectator sport in British Columbia, with the [[Vancouver Canucks]] of the [[NHL]] being the most popular professional team, although the [[Vancouver Giants]] of the [[Western Hockey League]] also have a very strong following. The [[Canadian Football League]]'s BC Lions are considered Vancouver's second most popular team, although [[major league soccer]]'s Vancouver Whitecaps FC have been rising in popularity in recent years. Hockey is slowly gaining popularity south of the border too, with the [[Everett Silvertips]], [[Portland Winterhawks]], and [[Seattle Thunderbirds]] of the [[Western Hockey League]] and the [[Seattle Kraken]] of the [[NHL]].

Followers of the Portland Trail Blazers basketball team refer to themselves as the ''Sixth Man'' and ''Blazermania'' refers to the extraordinary dedication fans have shown the team. In Seattle, many fans are still upset over the move of the [[Seattle SuperSonics]] while supporters of the Seattle Seahawks football team are known officially as the 12th Man.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.seahawks.com/fans/12zone/spirit-of-12.html |title=Spirit of 12 |work=Seahawks.com |access-date=August 18, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090209192030/http://seahawks.com/fans/12zone/spirit-of-12.html |archive-date=February 9, 2009 }}</ref> And the [[supporter groups]], (namely the [[Emerald City Supporters]], [[Timbers Army]], and [[Vancouver Southsiders]]) of the three MLS teams of the region are renowned for their passion and dedication to their teams.

The only major track for motorsports in the Pacific Northwest region is [[Portland International Raceway]]. PIR currently hosts the NTT [[IndyCar Series]] and its [[Road to Indy]] ladder series', as well as the [[NASCAR Xfinity Series]]; the number two stock car series in the country. [[Evergreen Speedway]], north and east of Seattle, is the largest short track west of the Mississippi River and has hosted many of the marquee drivers of NASCAR. With three oval tracks, a figure eight track and various road course variants, Evergreen Speedway operates year-round events. Evergreen Speedway hosts the NASCAR Whelen All American Series, the ARCA Menards Series West, National Figure Eight Events, USAC, SCCA, plus Touring Groups and Formula Drift. The Northwest's most successful racers on a national platform include [[1983 Indianapolis 500]] winner [[Tom Sneva]] (Spokane), [[Greg Moore (racing driver)|Greg Moore]] (Maple Ridge, BC), [[Greg Biffle]], (Vancouver, WA), [[Kasey Kahne]] (Enumclaw, WA), and [[1990 Daytona 500]] winner [[Derrike Cope]] (Spanaway, WA). Also, [[Mike Bliss]] (Milwaukee, OR), [[Chuck Bown]] (Portland), and [[Chad Little]] (Spokane) have won NASCAR-sanctioned championships, and had lengthy careers in NASCAR's 3 national series.

In Idaho, Washington and Oregon, many residents passionately follow [[college athletics]]. In Washington, the major [[NCAA Division I]] college athletic programs are the [[University of Washington Huskies]]. In Oregon, the major programs are the [[University of Oregon Ducks]] and the [[Oregon State Beavers]]. All four of these programs are members of the [[Pac-12 Conference]] and compete with each other in a variety of sports. These universities are all considered rivals of one another, particularly in [[college football]]. The most significant of these rivalries are the [[Oregon–Washington football rivalry]] game, the Washington-Washington State game known as the [[Apple Cup]] due to Washington's notoriety for apple production and the [[Oregon–Oregon State football rivalry]]. As in professional sports, college fans in the Pacific Northwest are known for being particularly passionate about their teams. Both [[Husky Stadium]] (where the Washington Huskies play football) and [[Autzen Stadium]] (where the Oregon Ducks play football) have gained reputations for deafening noise, despite not being the largest of college football venues. Husky Stadium currently holds the record for the loudest crowd noise in NCAA history at 130 [[decibels]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gohuskies.com/facilities/husky-stadium.html|title=Washington Huskies|website=Washington Huskies|access-date=October 5, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130511015022/http://www.gohuskies.com/facilities/husky-stadium.html|archive-date=May 11, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> while Autzen Stadium currently holds the record for the 4th at 127 decibels.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.michigandaily.com/content/j-brady-mccollough-duck-duck-lose|title=- The Michigan Daily|date=September 21, 2003}}</ref> In Idaho, the major [[NCAA Division I]] college athletic programs are the [[Boise State Broncos]], the [[Idaho Vandals]] and the [[Idaho State Bengals]], the latter two being members of the [[Football Championship Subdivision]] in the [[Big Sky Conference]] while Boise State competes in the [[Mountain West Conference]] of the [[Football Bowl Subdivision]]. Boise State and Idaho enjoyed a healthy rivalry from the 1970s through the late 2000s with each team having significant win streaks in the series over the other, Boise State had the most recent streak with 12 consecutive wins starting in 1999 which was preceded by Idaho's most recent win streak of 12 consecutive wins from 1982 to 1993. In 2018, Idaho rekindled an old rivalry with Idaho State that had been dormant since 1996 when Idaho moved up to FBS. Idaho currently has the lead in the [[Battle of the Domes]]  series 29–13.

===Video games===
Seattle is considered by ''Digital Trends'' magazine to be the top gaming city in America, a possible indicator of markedly higher rates of video game usage throughout the Pacific Northwest in general.<ref name=vg>{{cite news|url=http://news.digitaltrends.com/article10268.html|work=Digital Trends|title=Seattle Top Gaming City?|date=May 2, 2006|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081007131133/http://news.digitaltrends.com/article10268.html|archive-date=October 7, 2008}}</ref> A number of major companies are headquartered in the Seattle metropolitan area, including [[Microsoft]], [[Valve Corporation|Valve]], [[Bungie]], [[Nintendo of America]] (a wholly owned subsidiary of [[Nintendo]]), and [[Sony Computer Entertainment]]'s subsidiary [[Sucker Punch Productions]]. Microsoft and Nintendo of America also have Canadian branches headquartered in Vancouver—Microsoft Canada and Nintendo of Canada—respectively, while [[EA Vancouver]] (a subsidiary division of [[Electronic Arts]]) is in the same city.

===Self-determination movements===
Among the fiercely independent and frontier nature of the former Oregon Country and now western part of the United States, is the desire of some Pacific Northwesterners to improve upon their form of democracy by further subdividing the region into [[socio-political]] or [[bioregion]] defined [[nation state]]s. Some desires are [[transnationality|transnational]] and autonomous of the United States while others are in the hope of gaining additional representational control in particular regions of the Northwest. Among these fluidly changing geographical boundaries and areas sought by a segment of the population of the Northwest are the following Pacific Northwest proposed states and [[separatist movement]]s:

*[[Cascadia (independence movement)|Cascadia]]
*[[Jefferson (proposed Pacific state)|Jefferson]]
*[[Lincoln (proposed Northwestern state)|Lincoln]]
*[[Northwest Territorial Imperative|Northwest Territory]]