Editing Oliver Cromwell (section)

==Monuments and posthumous honours==
[[File:Oliver Cromwell statue, Westminster.jpg|thumb|upright|1899 [[statue of Oliver Cromwell, Westminster]] by [[Hamo Thornycroft]] outside the [[Palace of Westminster]] in London]]
During the opening of the [[American Revolutionary War]] in 1776, the [[Connecticut State Navy]] commissioned a [[Corvette#Sailing vessels|corvette]] named the ''[[Oliver Cromwell (ship)|Oliver Cromwell]]'', one of the first American naval vessels. It was captured in battle in 1779 and renamed HMS ''Restoration'' before being commissioned as HMS ''Loyalist''.<ref>Hahn, Harold H. ''Ships of the American Revolution and their Models''. pp. 74–101. Naval Institute Press, Annapolis Maryland, 2000.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Middlebrook |first=Louis F. |title=History of Maritime Connecticut During the American Revolution 1773 - 1783 Vol. 1, Oliver Cromwell |url=http://www.langeonline.com/Heritage/Maritimehistory.htm |access-date=16 November 2017 |website=langeonline.com |publisher=The Essex Institute}}</ref><ref name="NMM-WH-370602">{{Cite web |title=NMM, vessel ID 370602 |url=http://www.nmm.ac.uk/upload/pdf/Warship_Histories_Vessels_ii.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927114728/http://www.rmg.co.uk/upload/pdf/Warship_Histories_Vessels_ii.pdf |archive-date=27 September 2013 |access-date=7 April 2018 |website=Warship Histories, vol ii |publisher=[[National Maritime Museum]]}}</ref>

19th-century engineer [[Richard Tangye]] was a noted Cromwell enthusiast and collector of Cromwell manuscripts and memorabilia.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 October 1906 |title=Death of Sir Richard Tangye |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1906/10/15/101803207.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225040438/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1906/10/15/101803207.pdf |archive-date=25 February 2021 |access-date=5 June 2010 |website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> His collection included many rare manuscripts and printed books, medals, paintings, objets d'art, and a bizarre assemblage of "relics". This includes Cromwell's Bible, button, coffin plate, death mask, and funeral escutcheon. On Tangye's death, the entire collection was donated to the [[Museum of London]], where it can still be seen.<ref>{{Cite web |title=War websites |url=http://www.channel4.com/history/microsites/H/history/war/findout.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100410224030/http://www.channel4.com/history/microsites/H/history/war/findout.html |archive-date=10 April 2010 |access-date=5 June 2010 |publisher=Channel4}}</ref>

In 1875, a statue of Cromwell by [[Matthew Noble]] was erected in Manchester outside the [[Manchester Cathedral]], a gift to the city by Abel Heywood in memory of her first husband.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Greater Manchester Photographic Memories |url=http://www.francisfrith.com/pageloader.asp?page=/shop/books/bookcontent.asp&isbn=1-85937-266-X&start=61 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111230425/http://www.francisfrith.com/pageloader.asp?page=%2Fshop%2Fbooks%2Fbookcontent.asp&isbn=1-85937-266-X&start=61 |archive-date=11 January 2012 |access-date=29 July 2011 |publisher=Francis Frith}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Oliver Cromwell |url=http://pmsa.cch.kcl.ac.uk/MR/MR-MCR53.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120209140052/http://pmsa.cch.kcl.ac.uk/MR/MR-MCR53.htm |archive-date=9 February 2012 |access-date=12 January 2012 |publisher=Public Monument and Sculpture Association}}</ref> It was the first large-scale statue to be erected in the open in England, and was a realistic likeness based on the painting by [[Peter Lely]]; it showed Cromwell in battledress with drawn sword and leather body armour. It was unpopular with local Conservatives and the large Irish immigrant population. [[Queen Victoria]] was invited to open the new [[Manchester Town Hall]], and she allegedly consented on the condition that the statue be removed. The statue remained, Victoria declined, and the town hall was opened by the Lord Mayor. During the 1980s, the statue was relocated outside [[Wythenshawe Hall]], which had been occupied by Cromwell's troops.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Moss |first=John |title=Manchester during the Reformation, Oliver Cromwell & the English Civil Wars |url=http://www.manchester2002-uk.com/history/history2.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110523155732/http://www.manchester2002-uk.com/history/history2.html |archive-date=23 May 2011 |access-date=29 July 2011 |publisher=Manchester2002-uk.com}}</ref>

[[File:Oliver_Cromwell_(detail)_(V%26A).jpg|thumb|Bust of Oliver Cromwell (1762), by [[Joseph Wilton]], at the [[Victoria & Albert Museum]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wilton |first=Joseph |date=2 January 1762 |title=Oliver Cromwell (1599–1658) |url=https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O127087/oliver-cromwell-15991658-bust-wilton-joseph |via=[[Victoria & Albert Museum]]}}</ref>]]
During the 1890s, Parliamentary plans to erect a [[Statue of Oliver Cromwell, Westminster|statue of Cromwell outside Parliament]] turned controversial. Pressure from the [[Nationalist Party (Ireland)|Irish Nationalist Party]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 April 1899 |title=Statue of Oliver Cromwell |url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1899/apr/25/statue-of-oliver-cromwell |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110920172829/http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1899/apr/25/statue-of-oliver-cromwell |archive-date=20 September 2011 |access-date=29 July 2011 |website=[[Hansard|Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)]]}}</ref> forced the withdrawal of a motion to seek public funding for the project; the statue was eventually erected, but it had to be funded privately by [[Lord Rosebery]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Cromwell Statue at Westminster&nbsp;– Icons of England |url=http://www.icons.org.uk/nom/nominations/cromwell |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090314055436/http://www.icons.org.uk/nom/nominations/cromwell |archive-date=14 March 2009 |access-date=29 July 2011 |publisher=Icons.org.uk}}</ref>

Cromwell controversy continued into the 20th century. [[Winston Churchill]] was First Lord of the Admiralty before [[World War I]], and he twice suggested naming a British battleship HMS ''Oliver Cromwell''. The suggestion was vetoed by King [[George V]] because of his personal feelings and because he felt that it was unwise to give such a name to an expensive warship at a time of [[Government of Ireland Act 1914|Irish political unrest]], especially given the anger caused by the statue outside Parliament. Churchill was eventually told by First Sea Lord [[Prince Louis of Battenberg|Admiral Battenberg]] that the King's decision must be treated as final.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rose |first=Kenneth |author-link=Kenneth Rose |title=King George V |date=1984 |publisher=Alfred A. Knopf |location=New York |pages=160–161}} The King also vetoed the name HMS "Pitt", as sailors might give the ship a nickname based on its rhyming with a "vulgar and ill-conditioned word".</ref> The [[Cromwell tank]] was a British medium-weight tank first used in 1944,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cromwell Mark I |url=https://www.onwar.com/weapons/tanks/firearms/fcromwell1.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170806185251/https://www.onwar.com/weapons/tanks/firearms/fcromwell1.html |archive-date=6 August 2017 |access-date=6 August 2017 |publisher=On war}}</ref> and a steam locomotive built by [[British Rail]]ways in 1951 was named ''[[BR Standard Class 7 70013 Oliver Cromwell|Oliver Cromwell]]''.<ref>{{Cite press release |title=Oliver Cromwell on the move again! |date=May 2004 |url=http://www.nrm.org.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/2004/oliver.asp |access-date=13 April 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090118025617/http://www.nrm.org.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/2004/oliver.asp |archive-date=18 January 2009 |author=[[National Railway Museum]]}}</ref>

Other public statues of Cromwell are the [[Statue of Oliver Cromwell, St Ives]] in Cambridgeshire<ref>{{NHLE|num=1161588|desc=Statue of Oliver Cromwell, Market Hill|access-date=5 February 2016|mode=cs2}}</ref> and the [[Statue of Oliver Cromwell, Warrington]] in Cheshire.<ref>{{NHLE|num=1139417|desc=Statue of Oliver Cromwell, Bridge Street|access-date=18 February 2016|mode=cs2}}</ref> An oval plaque at [[Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge]], refers to the end of the travels of [[Oliver Cromwell's head|his head]] and reads:<ref name=Larson2014/><ref name="comerford2009">{{Cite web |last=Comerford |first=Patrick |date=6 July 2009 |title=Is Cromwell's head buried in Sidney Sussex Chapel? |url=http://www.patrickcomerford.com/2009/07/is-cromwells-head-buried-in-sidney.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140726114251/http://www.patrickcomerford.com/2009/07/is-cromwells-head-buried-in-sidney.html |archive-date=26 July 2014 |access-date=16 July 2014 |website=Patrick Comerford: my thoughts on Anglicanism, theology, spirituality, history, architecture, travel, poetry and beach walks}}</ref>

<poem style="margin:0.3em auto; text-align:center;">
Near to
this place was buried
on 25 March 1960 the head of
<big style="margin:0.3em auto; text-align:center;">OLIVER CROMWELL</big>
Lord Protector of the Common-
wealth of England, Scotland &
Ireland, Fellow Commoner
of this College 1616–7</poem>