Editing Old Church Slavonic (section)

====Russian recension====

The Russian recension emerged in the 1000s based on the earlier Eastern Bulgarian recension, from which it differed slightly. The earliest manuscript to contain Russian elements is the [[Ostromir Gospel]] of 1056–1057, which exemplifies the beginning of a Russianized Church Slavonic that gradually spread to liturgical and chancery documents.{{sfn|Sussex|Cubberley|2002|p=81}} The Russianization process was cut short in the late 1300s, when a series of Bulgarian prelates, starting with [[Cyprian, Metropolitan of Kiev|Cyprian]], consciously "re-Bulgarized" church texts to achieve maximum conformity with the Euthymian recension.{{sfn|Sussex|Cubberley|2002|p=82: The South Slavic component was deliberately emphasized during the " Second South Slavic Influence" of the late fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, when Bulgarian prelates consciously "re-Bulgarized" (Issatschenko, 1980; 1980–1983) the church texts to achieve maximum conformity with the established church norms}}{{sfn|Kamusella|2008|pp=158–159: These immigrants enforced the South Slavic (Bulgarian) recension (version) of Church Slavonic as the standard in which religious books were to be written and administration conducted in Muscovy. This trend had commenced at the end of the 14th century when a succession of South Slavic monks had been nominated to the position of the metropolitan of all Rus (sometimes, anachronistically translated as ‘all Russias’) with his seat at Moscow}} The Russianization process resumed in the late 1400s, and Russian Church Slavonic eventually became entrenched as standard for all Orthodox Slavs, incl. Serbs and Bulgarians, by the early 1800s.{{sfn|Sussex|Cubberley|2002|p=82: In time, however, the Russian recension of Church Slavonic gained increasing acceptance in Russia, and came to influence Serbian and Bulgarian Church Slavonic, and the formation and revival of these literary languages}}
[[File:Gospels russia.jpg|thumb|230px|The [[Mstislav Gospel]] is a 12th-century Cyrillic manuscript written in Russian Church Slavonic]]
* PSl. *ę > *ja/ʲa, PSl. *ǫ > u, e.g., OCS ''rǫka'' ("hand") > Rus. ''ruka''; OCS ''językъ'' > Rus. ''jazyk'' ("tongue, language")<ref>{{Harvnb|Sussex|Cubberley|2002|p=44}}</ref>
* Vocalisation of the [[yer]]s in strong position (ъ > *{{IPAlink|ɔ}} and ь > *{{IPAlink|ɛ}}) and their deletion in weak position
* *ě > *e, e.g., OCS ''věra'' ("faith") > Rus. ''vera''
* Preservation of a number of South Slavic and Bulgarian phonological and morphological features, e.g.{{sfn|Sussex|Cubberley|2002|p=50}}
:- {{script|Cyrs|⟨щ⟩}} (pronounced *ʃt͡ʃ) instead of East Slavic {{script|Cyrs|⟨ч⟩}} (*t͡ʃ) for Pra-Slavic *tj/*gt/*kt: {{script|Cyrs|просвещение}} (''prosve'''šč'''enie'') vs. Ukrainian {{script|Cyrs|освiчення}} (''osvi'''č'''ennja'') ('illumination')
:- {{script|Cyrs|⟨жд⟩}} (*ʒd) instead of East Slavic {{script|Cyrs|⟨ж⟩}} (*ʒ) for Pra-Slavic *dj: {{script|Cyrs|одежда}} (''ode'''žd'''a'') vs. Ukrainian {{script|Cyrs|одежа}} (''ode'''ž'''a'') ('clothing')
:- Non-pleophonic ''-ra/-la'' instead of East Slavic pleophonic ''-oro/-olo'' forms: {{script|Cyrs|награда}} (''nag'''ra'''da'') vs. Ukrainian {{script|Cyrs|нагoрoда}} (''nah'''oro'''da'') ('reward')
:- Prefixes so-/voz-/iz- instead of s-/vz- (z-)/vy-: {{script|Cyrs|возбудить}} ('''''voz'''buditь''), vs. Ukrainian {{script|Cyrs|збудити}} ('''''z'''budyty'') ('arouse'), etc.