Editing Oak (section)

=== Symbols ===

[[File:Coat of arms of Estonia.svg|thumb|upright|The oak features in many coats of arms, such as [[Coat of arms of Estonia|that of Estonia]].<ref name="Estonian Institute">{{cite web |last=Estonian Institute |title=National symbols of Estonia |url=http://www.estinst.ee/publications/symbols/ |publisher=Estonian Institute |access-date=4 January 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114085551/http://www.estinst.ee/publications/symbols/ |archive-date=14 January 2012}}</ref> ]]

The oak is a widely used symbol of strength and [[endurance]].<ref name="Leroy Plomion Kremer 2019">{{cite journal | last1=Leroy | first1=Thibault | last2=Plomion | first2=Christophe | last3=Kremer | first3=Antoine | title=Oak symbolism in the light of genomics | journal=New Phytologist | publisher=Wiley | volume=226 | issue=4 | date=25 July 2019 | issn=0028-646X | doi=10.1111/nph.15987 | pages=1012–1017| pmid=31183874 | pmc=7166128 }}</ref> It is the [[national tree]] of many countries,<ref name="Venables 2012"/> including the US,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.arborday.org |title=Trees – Arbor Day Foundation |publisher=Arborday.org |access-date=27 April 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100428143334/http://www.arborday.org/ |archive-date=28 April 2010}}</ref> [[Bulgaria]], [[Croatia]], [[Cyprus]] ([[Quercus alnifolia|golden oak]]), [[Estonia]], [[France]], [[Germany]], [[Moldova]], [[Jordan]], [[Latvia]], [[Lithuania]], [[Poland]], [[Romania]], [[Serbia]], and [[Wales]].<ref name="Venables 2012">{{cite web |title=Oak as a Symbol |url=http://www.venablesoak.co.uk/about-oak/oak-as-a-symbol-2/|work=Venables Oak |access-date=26 September 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130505014026/http://www.venablesoak.co.uk/about-oak/oak-as-a-symbol-2/ |archive-date=5 May 2013}}</ref> Ireland's fifth-largest city, [[Derry]], is named for the tree, from {{Irish place name|Doire|oak}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=Derry |url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/derry |website=Etymology Online |access-date=9 October 2023}}</ref>  Oak branches are displayed on some German coins, both of the former [[Deutsche Mark]] and the [[euro]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Schierz |first=Kai Uwe |chapter=Von Bonifatius bis Beuys, oder: Vom Umgang mit heiligen Eichen |title=Bonifatius: Heidenopfer, Christuskreuz, Eichenkult |trans-title=Boniface: Heathen Sacrifice, Christ's Cross, Oak Cult |year=2004 |publisher=Stadtverwaltung Erfurt |pages=139–145 |editor=Hardy Eidam |editor2=Marina Moritz |editor3=Gerd-Rainer Riedel |editor4=Kai-Uwe Schierz |language=de }}</ref>
Oak leaves symbolize [[military rank|rank]] in armed forces including those [[United States Armed Forces|of the United States]]. Arrangements of oak leaves, acorns, and sprigs indicate different branches of the [[United States Navy staff corps]] officers.<ref name="Websters Online Dictionary">{{cite web |title=Political or Symbolic |url=http://www.websters-online-dictionary.org/definitions/oak |work=Extended Definition: oak |access-date=26 September 2012 |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130530214714/http://www.websters-online-dictionary.org/definitions/oak |archive-date=30 May 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ar670.com/articles/view/29/wear-of-appurtenances/311 |title=Army Regulation 670-1 {{!}} Wear of appurtenances {{!}} Section 29.12 Page 278 |website=ar670.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180122161840/http://ar670.com/articles/view/29/wear-of-appurtenances/311 |archive-date=22 January 2018 |url-status=dead |access-date=2018-01-19}}</ref> The oak tree is used as a symbol by several political parties and organisations. It is the symbol of the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]] in the [[United Kingdom]],<ref>{{cite news |last=Glover |first=Julian |title=Thatcher's torch extinguished as Cameron's Conservatives carve new logo out of oak |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2006/aug/09/conservatives.marketingandpr |access-date=9 October 2023 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=9 August 2006}}</ref> and formerly of the [[Progressive Democrats]] in [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]].<ref name=r9>[https://web.archive.org/web/20071119201140/http://www.progressivedemocrats.ie/about_us/coalition_government_1989_to_1992/ Coalition Government 1989 To 1992]. progressivedemocrats.ie</ref>