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==References== {{Reflist|30em|refs= <ref name=Afifi>{{Cite journal |author=Afifi AK |title=Basal ganglia: functional anatomy and physiology. Part 1 |journal=J. Child Neurol. |volume=9 |issue=3 |pages=249β260 |date=July 1994 |pmid=7930403 |doi=10.1177/088307389400900306 |s2cid=13045090}}</ref> <ref name=Allen2009>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Allen NJ, Barres BA |title=Neuroscience: Glia β more than just brain glue |journal=Nature |volume=457 |pages=675β677 |year=2009 |pmid=19194443 |doi=10.1038/457675a |issue=7230 |bibcode=2009Natur.457..675A |s2cid=205044137}}</ref> <ref name=Azevedo>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Azevedo FA, Carvalho LR, Grinberg LT, etal |title=Equal numbers of neuronal and nonneuronal cells make the human brain an isometrically scaled-up primate brain |journal=J. Comp. Neurol. |volume=513 |pages=532β541 |year=2009 |pmid=19226510 |doi=10.1002/cne.21974 |issue=5 |s2cid=5200449}}</ref> <ref name=Columbia>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Nervous System |encyclopedia=Columbia Encyclopedia |publisher=Columbia University Press}}</ref> <ref name=Balavoine>{{Cite journal |author=Balavoine G |title=The segmented Urbilateria: A testable scenario |journal=Int Comp Biology |year=2003 |volume=43 |issue=1 |pages=137β147 |doi=10.1093/icb/43.1.137 |pmid=21680418 |doi-access=free}}</ref> <ref name=Bourlat>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Bourlat SJ, Juliusdottir T, Lowe CJ, etal |title=Deuterostome phylogeny reveals monophyletic chordates and the new phylum Xenoturbellida |journal=Nature |volume=444 |issue=7115 |pages=85β88 |date=November 2006 |pmid=17051155 |doi=10.1038/nature05241 |bibcode=2006Natur.444...85B |s2cid=4366885}}</ref> <ref name=DorlandsGanglion>{{DorlandsDict|four/000043442|ganglion}}</ref> <ref name=Erwin>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Erwin DH, Davidson EH |title=The last common bilaterian ancestor |journal=Development |volume=129 |issue=13 |pages=3021β3032 |date=July 2002 |doi=10.1242/dev.129.13.3021 |pmid=12070079 |url=http://dev.biologists.org/cgi/content/short/129/13/3021}}</ref> <ref name=Gray233>{{Cite book |title=[[Gray's Anatomy]] |edition=39th |editor-last1=Standring |editor-first1=Susan |publisher=Elsevier Churchill Livingstone |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-443-07168-3 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/graysanatomyanat0000unse/page/233 233β234]}}</ref> <ref name=Jacobs>{{Cite journal |title=Evolution of sensory structures in basal metazoa |journal=Integr Comp Biol |volume=47 |issue=5 |year=2007 |pages=712β723 |doi=10.1093/icb/icm094 |vauthors=Jacobs DK, Nakanishi N, Yuan D, Camara A, Nichols SA, Hartenstein V |pmid=21669752|display-authors=etal |doi-access=free}}</ref> <ref name=KandelCh2>{{Cite book |veditors=Kandel ER, Schwartz JH, Jessel TM |chapter=Ch. 2: Nerve cells and behavior |title=Principles of Neural Science |year=2000 |publisher=McGraw-Hill Professional |isbn=978-0-8385-7701-1 |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780838577011}}</ref> <ref name=KandelCh4>{{Cite book |veditors=Kandel ER, Schwartz JH, Jessel TM |chapter=Ch. 4: The cytology of neurons |title=Principles of Neural Science |year=2000 |publisher=McGraw-Hill Professional |isbn=978-0-8385-7701-1 |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780838577011}}</ref> <ref name=KandelCh9>{{Cite book |veditors=Kandel ER, Schwartz JH, Jessel TM |chapter=Ch. 9: Propagated signaling: the action potential |title=Principles of Neural Science |year=2000 |publisher=McGraw-Hill Professional |isbn=978-0-8385-7701-1 |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780838577011}}</ref> <ref name=KandelCh10>{{Cite book |veditors=Kandel ER, Schwartz JH, Jessel TM |chapter=Ch. 10: Overview of synaptic transmission |title=Principles of Neural Science |year=2000 |publisher=McGraw-Hill Professional |isbn=978-0-8385-7701-1 |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780838577011}}</ref> <ref name=KandelCh11>{{Cite book |veditors=Kandel ER, Schwartz JH, Jessel TM |chapter=Ch. 11: Signaling at the nerve-muscle synapse |title=Principles of Neural Science |year=2000 |publisher=McGraw-Hill Professional |isbn=978-0-8385-7701-1 |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780838577011}}</ref> <ref name=KandelCh15>{{Cite book |veditors=Kandel ER, Schwartz JH, Jessel TM |chapter=Ch. 15: Neurotransmitters |title=Principles of Neural Science |year=2000 |publisher=McGraw-Hill Professional |isbn=978-0-8385-7701-1 |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780838577011}}</ref> <ref name=KandelCh17>{{Cite book |veditors=Kandel ER, Schwartz JH, Jessel TM |chapter=Ch. 17: The anatomical organization of the central nervous system |title=Principles of Neural Science |year=2000 |publisher=McGraw-Hill Professional |isbn=978-0-8385-7701-1 |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780838577011}}</ref> <ref name=KandelCh21>{{Cite book |veditors=Kandel ER, Schwartz JH, Jessel TM |chapter=Ch. 21: Coding of sensory information |title=Principles of Neural Science |year=2000 |publisher=McGraw-Hill Professional |isbn=978-0-8385-7701-1 |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780838577011}}</ref> <ref name=KandelCh25>{{Cite book |veditors=Kandel ER, Schwartz JH, Jessel TM |chapter=Ch. 25: Constructing the visual image |title=Principles of Neural Science |year=2000 |publisher=McGraw-Hill Professional |isbn=978-0-8385-7701-1 |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780838577011}}</ref> <ref name=KandelCh36>{{Cite book |veditors=Kandel ER, Schwartz JH, Jessel TM |chapter=Ch. 36: Spinal reflexes |title=Principles of Neural Science |year=2000 |publisher=McGraw-Hill Professional |isbn=978-0-8385-7701-1 |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780838577011}}</ref> <ref name=KandelCh38>{{Cite book |veditors=Kandel ER, Schwartz JH, Jessel TM |chapter=Ch. 38: Voluntary movement |title=Principles of Neural Science |year=2000 |publisher=McGraw-Hill Professional |isbn=978-0-8385-7701-1 |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780838577011}}</ref> <ref name=KandelCh39>{{Cite book |veditors=Kandel ER, Schwartz JH, Jessel TM |chapter=Ch. 39: The control of gaze |title=Principles of Neural Science |year=2000 |publisher=McGraw-Hill Professional |isbn=978-0-8385-7701-1 |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780838577011}}</ref> <ref name=KandelCh52>{{Cite book |veditors=Kandel ER, Schwartz JH, Jessel TM |chapter=Ch. 52: The induction and patterning of the nervous system |title=Principles of Neural Science |year=2000 |publisher=McGraw-Hill Professional |isbn=978-0-8385-7701-1 |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780838577011}}</ref> <ref name=KandelCh53>{{Cite book |veditors=Kandel ER, Schwartz JH, Jessel TM |chapter=Ch. 53: The formation and survival of nerve cells |title=Principles of Neural Science |year=2000 |publisher=McGraw-Hill Professional |isbn=978-0-8385-7701-1 |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780838577011}}</ref> <ref name=Hormuzdi>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Hormuzdi SG, Filippov MA, Mitropoulou G, etal |title=Electrical synapses: a dynamic signaling system that shapes the activity of neuronal networks |journal=Biochim. Biophys. Acta |volume=1662 |pages=113β137 |year=2004 |pmid=15033583 |doi=10.1016/j.bbamem.2003.10.023 |issue=1β2 |doi-access=}}</ref> <ref name=Lichtneckert>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Lichtneckert R, Reichert H |title=Insights into the urbilaterian brain: conserved genetic patterning mechanisms in insect and vertebrate brain development |journal=Heredity |volume=94 |issue=5 |pages=465β477 |date=May 2005 |pmid=15770230 |doi=10.1038/sj.hdy.6800664 |doi-access=free|bibcode=2005Hered..94..465L }}</ref> <ref name=McCullochPitts>{{Cite journal |doi=10.1007/BF02478259 |title=A logical calculus of the ideas immanent in nervous activity |year=1943 |journal=Bull. Math. Biophys. |volume=5 |issue=4 |pages=115β133 |vauthors=McCulloch WS, Pitts W}}</ref> <ref name=Purves15>{{Cite book |vauthors=Purves D, Augustine GJ, Fitzpatrick D, Hall WC, LaMantia AS, McNamara JO, White LE |title=Neuroscience. 4th ed. |publisher=Sinauer Associates |pages=15β16 |year=2008}}</ref> <ref name=Ruppert>{{Cite book |vauthors=Ruppert EE, Fox RS, Barnes RD |title=Invertebrate Zoology |publisher=Brooks / Cole |edition=7 |isbn=0-03-025982-7 |year=2004 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780030259821/page/111 111β124] |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780030259821/page/111}}</ref> <ref name=Sakarya>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Sakarya O, Armstrong KA, Adamska M, etal |editor1-last=Vosshall |editor1-first=Leslie |title=A post-synaptic scaffold at the origin of the animal kingdom |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=2 |issue=6 |pages=e506 |year=2007 |pmid=17551586 |pmc=1876816 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0000506 |bibcode=2007PLoSO...2..506S |doi-access=free}}</ref> <ref name=SanesCh1>{{Cite book |title=Development of the Nervous System |chapter=Ch. 1, ''Neural induction'' |publisher=Elsevier Academic Press |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-12-618621-5 |vauthors=Sanes DH, Reh TH, Harris WA}}</ref> <ref name=Strata>{{Cite journal |title=Dale's principle |journal=Brain Res. Bull. |year=1999 |volume=50 |pages=349β350 |pmid=10643431 |doi=10.1016/S0361-9230(99)00100-8 |vauthors=Strata P, Harvey R |issue=5β6 |s2cid=29406273}}</ref> <ref name=Wormbook>{{Cite web |title=Wormbook: Specification of the nervous system |url=http://www.wormbook.org/chapters/www_specnervsys/specnervsys.html}}</ref> <ref name=Zhu>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Zhu B, Pennack JA, McQuilton P, Forero MG, Mizuguchi K, Sutcliffe B, Gu CJ, Fenton JC, Hidalgo A |editor1-last=Bate |editor1-first=Michael |title=Drosophila neurotrophins reveal a common mechanism for nervous system formation |journal=PLOS Biol |volume=6 |issue=11 |pages=e284 |date=Nov 2008 |pmid=19018662 |pmc=2586362 |doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.0060284 |doi-access=free }}</ref> }}
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