Editing Muslim conquests of Afghanistan (section)

=====First war against Jayapala=====

The Ghaznavid campaigns from the time of Sabuktigin are recorded as ''[[jihad]]'' against the people of ''al-Hind'' to destroy idolatry and replace it by expanding Islam. The Kabul Shahis only retained [[Lamghan]] in the Kabul-Gandhara area by the time of Alp-Tegin. According to [[Firishta]], Sabuktigin had already begun raiding Multan and Lamghan under Alp-Tegin for slaves. This precipitated an alliance between the Shahi ruler [[Jayapala]], Bhatiya and Sheikh [[Hamid Khan Lodi]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g2m7_R5P2oAC&pg=PA126|title=Al-Hind, the Making of the Indo-Islamic World: Early Medieval India and the Expansion of Islam 7th-11th Centuries|publisher=Brill|pages=126, 328|isbn=0391041738|year=2002}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title = The Hindu Sahis of Afghanistan and the Punjab, A.D. 865-1026: A Phase of Islamic Advance Into India|author=Yogendra Mishra|publisher=Vaishali Bhavan|year=1972|pages=100–101}}</ref> He crossed the [[Khyber Pass]] many times and raided the territory of Jaipala.<ref name=Sastri>{{cite book|title=History of India, Volume 2|author=K. A. Nilakanta Sastri|publisher=Viswanathan|page=10|author-link=K. A. Nilakanta Sastri}}</ref>

Jayapala appointed Sheikh Hamid Khan Lodi as ruler over Multan and Lamghan, but Sabuktigin broke up this alliance after his accession through diplomatic means, convincing Lodi to acknowledge him as an overlord. Although Ferishta had identified Lodi and his family as [[Afghan (ethnonym)|Afghans]], historian Yogendra Mishra pointed out that this was an error, since they were descended from the Qurayshite Usama ibn Lawi ibn Ghalib.<ref>{{Cite book|title = The Hindu Sahis of Afghanistan and the Punjab, A.D. 865-1026: A Phase of Islamic Advance Into India|author=Yogendra Mishra|publisher=Vaishali Bhavan|year=1972|pages=100–103}}</ref>

Sabuktigin plundered the forts in the outlying provinces of the Kabul Shahi and captured many cities, acquiring huge booty.<ref name=Strugglemajumdar/> He also established Islam at many places. Jaipal in retaliation marched with a large force into the valley of Lamghan ([[Jalalabad]]) where he clashed with Sabuktigin and his son. The battle stretched on several days until a snow storm affected Jaipala's strategies, forcing him to plead for peace.<ref name=Sastri/> Sabuktigin was inclined to grant peace to Jayapala but his son [[Mahmud of Ghazni|Mahmud]] wanted total victory.<ref name=EralySabuk/>

Jaypala upon hearing Mahmud's plans warned Sabuktigin, "You have seen the impetuosity of the Hindus and their indifference to death... If therefore, you refuse to grant peace in the hope of obtaining plunder, tribute, elephants and prisoners, then there is no alternative for us but to mount the horse of stern determination, destroy our property, take out the eyes of our elephants, cast our children into fire, and rush out on each other with sword and spear, so that all that will be left to you to conquer and seize is stones and dirt, dead bodies, and scattered bones." Knowing Jaipala could carry out his threat, Sabuktigin granted him peace in return for his promise of paying tribute and ceding some of his territory.<ref name=EralySabuk>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vyEoAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT54|title=The Age of Wrath: A History of the Delhi Sultanate|author=Abraham Eraly|publisher=Penguin UK|page=54|author-link=Abraham Eraly|isbn=9789351186588|date=April 2015}}</ref>