Editing Morphine (section)

==== Detection in body fluids ====
Morphine and its major metabolites, morphine-3-glucuronide, and morphine-6-glucuronide, can be detected in blood, plasma, hair, and urine using an [[immunoassay]]. [[Chromatography]] can be used to test for each of these substances individually. Some testing procedures [[hydrolysis|hydrolyze]] metabolic products into morphine before the immunoassay, which must be considered when comparing morphine levels in separately published results. Morphine can also be isolated from whole blood samples by [[solid phase extraction]] (SPE) and detected using [[liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry]] (LC-MS).

Ingestion of codeine or food containing poppy seeds can cause false positives.<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Baselt RC |title = Disposition of Toxic Drugs and Chemicals in Man |year = 2008 |edition = 8th |publisher = Biomedical Publications |location = Foster City, CA |isbn = 978-0-9626523-7-0 |pages = 1057–1062 }}</ref>

A 1999 review estimated that relatively low doses of heroin (which metabolizes immediately into morphine) are detectable by standard urine tests for 1–1.5 days after use.<ref name="pmid11484423">{{cite journal | vauthors = Vandevenne M, Vandenbussche H, Verstraete A | title = Detection time of drugs of abuse in urine | journal = Acta Clinica Belgica | volume = 55 | issue = 6 | pages = 323–33 | year = 2000 | pmid = 11484423 | doi = 10.1080/17843286.2000.11754319 | s2cid = 43808583 }}</ref> A 2009 review determined that, when the [[analyte]] is morphine and the [[limit of detection]] is 1{{space}}ng/ml, a 20{{space}}mg intravenous (IV) dose of morphine is detectable for 12–24 hours. A limit of detection of 0.6{{space}}ng/ml had similar results.<ref name="pmid15228165">{{cite journal | vauthors = Verstraete AG | title = Detection times of drugs of abuse in blood, urine, and oral fluid | journal = Therapeutic Drug Monitoring | volume = 26 | issue = 2 | pages = 200–5 | date = April 2004 | pmid = 15228165 | doi = 10.1097/00007691-200404000-00020 | s2cid = 385874 }}</ref>