Editing Messenger RNA (section)

===MicroRNA (miRNA)===
{{main|microRNA}}

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNAs that typically are partially complementary to sequences in metazoan messenger RNAs.<ref>Robert E. Farrell, Jr. RNA Methodologies, 5th Edition. Academic Press, 2017</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Brennecke J, Stark A, Russell RB, Cohen SM | title = Principles of microRNA-target recognition | journal = PLOS Biology | volume = 3 | issue = 3 | pages = e85 | date = March 2005 | pmid = 15723116 | pmc = 1043860 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pbio.0030085 | doi-access = free }}</ref> Binding of a miRNA to a message can repress translation of that message and accelerate poly(A) tail removal, thereby hastening mRNA degradation. The mechanism of action of miRNAs is the subject of active research.<ref>Tasuku Honjo, Michael Reth, Andreas Radbruch, Frederick Alt. Molecular Biology of B Cells, 2nd Edition. Academic Press, 2014 (including "updated research on microRNAs")</ref><ref name=Eulalio2009>{{cite journal | vauthors = Eulalio A, Huntzinger E, Nishihara T, Rehwinkel J, Fauser M, Izaurralde E | title = Deadenylation is a widespread effect of miRNA regulation | journal = RNA | volume = 15 | issue = 1 | pages = 21–32 | date = January 2009 | pmid = 19029310 | pmc = 2612776 | doi = 10.1261/rna.1399509 }}</ref>