Editing Mediterranean Sea (section)

===General circulation===
[[Water circulation]] in the Mediterranean can be attributed to the surface waters entering from the [[Atlantic]] through the [[Strait of Gibraltar]] (and also low salinity water entering the Mediterranean from the Black Sea through the Bosphorus). The cool and relatively low-salinity Atlantic water circulates eastwards along the North African coasts. A part of the surface water does not pass the Strait of Sicily, but deviates towards [[Corsica]] before exiting the Mediterranean. The surface waters entering the eastern Mediterranean Basin circulate along the Libyan and Israeli coasts. Upon reaching the [[Levantine Sea]], the surface waters having warmed and increased its salinity from its initial Atlantic state, is now denser and sinks to form the Levantine Intermediate Waters (LIW). Most of the water found anywhere between {{Convert|50 and 600|m|abbr=on|sigfig=2}} deep in the Mediterranean originates from the LIW.<ref>{{cite book |doi=10.1007/b107143 |chapter=Circulation in the Mediterranean Sea |title=The Mediterranean Sea |volume=5K |pages=29–66 |series=Handbook of Environmental Chemistry |year=2005 |last1=Millot |first1=Claude |last2=Taupier-Letage |first2=Isabelle |isbn=978-3-540-25018-0 |s2cid=55831361 |chapter-url=https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01191856/file/Millot_Taupier-Letage_Circulation_Med_Handbook_2005_HAL%20%281%29.pdf |access-date=5 July 2019 |archive-date=16 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191216184420/https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01191856/file/Millot_Taupier-Letage_Circulation_Med_Handbook_2005_HAL%20%281%29.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> LIW are formed along the coasts of Turkey and circulate westwards along the Greek and south Italian coasts. LIW are the only waters passing the Sicily Strait westwards. After the Strait of Sicily, the LIW waters circulate along the Italian, French and Spanish coasts before exiting the Mediterranean through the depths of the Strait of Gibraltar. Deep water in the Mediterranean originates from three main areas: the [[Adriatic Sea]], from which most of the deep water in the eastern Mediterranean originates, the [[Aegean Sea]], and the [[Gulf of Lion]]. Deep water formation in the Mediterranean is triggered by strong winter [[convection]] fueled by intense cold winds like the [[Bora (wind)|Bora]]. When new deep water is formed, the older waters mix with the overlaying intermediate waters and eventually exit the Mediterranean. The [[Water cycle#Residence times|residence time of water]] in the Mediterranean is approximately 100 years, making the Mediterranean especially sensitive to climate change.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Millot |first1=C. |year=1989 |title=La Circulation Générale En Méditerranée Occidentale : Aperçu De Nos Connaissances Et Projets D'études |trans-title=General Circulation in the Western Mediterranean: Overview of Our Knowledge and Study Projects |language=fr |journal=Annales de Géographie |volume=98 |issue=549 |pages=497–515 |jstor=23452851 |doi=10.3406/geo.1989.20925}}</ref>