Editing Manchukuo (section)

=== Abuse of ethnic minorities ===
{{Genocide of Indigenous peoples|Asia}}
The [[Oroqen people|Oroqen]] suffered a significant population decline under Japanese rule. The Japanese distributed opium among them and subjected some members of the community to human experiments, and combined with incidents of epidemic diseases this caused their population to decline until only 1,000 remained.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Oroqen |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of World Cultures |url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/oroqen |access-date=23 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180524151156/https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/oroqen |archive-date=24 May 2018 |via=Encyclopedia.com |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=21 June 2005 |title=The Oroqen Ethnic Group |url=http://www.china.org.cn/english/features/EthnicGroups/136942.htm |website=China.org.cn}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=OROQEN |url=http://factsanddetails.com/china/cat5/sub88/item160.html#chapter-3 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180617162444/http://factsanddetails.com/china/cat5/sub88/item160.html#chapter-3 |archive-date=17 June 2018 |access-date=4 June 2018}}</ref> The Japanese banned Oroqen from communicating with other ethnicities, and forced them to hunt animals for them in exchange for rations and clothing which were sometimes insufficient for survival, which led to deaths from starvation and exposure. Opium was distributed to Oroqen adults older than 18 as a means of control. After 2 Japanese troops were killed in Alihe by an Oroqen hunter, the Japanese poisoned 40 Oroqen to death.<ref name="NaeherStary2002">{{cite book |author1=Carsten Naeher |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Gv6RQDVEP3cC&pg=PA120 |title=Proceedings of the First International Conference on Manchu-Tungus Studies, Bonn, August 28 – September 1, 2000: Trends in Tungusic and Siberian linguistics |author2=Giovanni Stary |author3=Michael Weiers |publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag |year=2002 |isbn=978-3-447-04628-2 |page=120}}</ref> The Japanese forced Oroqen to fight for them in the war which led to a population decrease of Oroqen people.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Olson |first=James Stuart |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IOM8qF34s4YC |title=An Ethnohistorical Dictionary of China |date=1998 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-313-28853-1 |pages=269 |language=en}}</ref> Even those Oroqen who avoided direct control by the Japanese found themselves facing conflict from anti-Japanese forces of the Chinese Communists, which contributed to their population decline during this period.<ref name="NaeherStary2002" />

Between 1931 and 1945, the [[Nanai people|Hezhen]] population declined by 80% or 90%, due to heavy opium use and deaths from Japanese cruelty, such as slave labor and relocation by the Japanese.<ref name="Olson1998">{{cite book |author=James Stuart Olson |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IOM8qF34s4YC&pg=PA141 |title=An Ethnohistorical Dictionary of China |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-313-28853-1 |page=141}}</ref>