Editing Luxembourg (section)

== Demographics ==
{{Main|Demographics of Luxembourg}}

=== Largest towns ===
{{Largest cities
| country      = Luxembourg
| stat_ref     = 2025<ref>{{Cite web |title=Population par commune au 1er janvier 2025 |url=https://statistiques.public.lu/dam-assets/fr/donnees-autres-formats/population-et-emploi/etat-de-la-population/FR-population-commune.pdf |access-date=2025-05-13 |website=statistiques.public.lu}}</ref>
| list_by_pop  =
| div_name     = Canton
| div_link     =

|city_1 = Luxembourg City{{!}}Luxembourg
|div_1 = Luxembourg Canton
|pop_1 = 136,161
|img_1 = Ville-Haute vue du Fort Verlorenkost.jpg

|city_2 = Esch-sur-Alzette
|div_2 = Esch-sur-Alzette Canton
|pop_2 = 37,922
|img_2 = Esch-sur-Alzette Place de l'Hôtel de Ville 2022-05 ---3.jpg

|city_3 = Differdange
|div_3 = Esch-sur-Alzette Canton
|pop_3 = 30,789
|img_3 = Differdange Centre.jpg

|city_4 = Dudelange
|div_4 = Esch-sur-Alzette Canton
|pop_4 = 22,203
|img_4 = Vue op Diddeleng.jpg

|city_5 = Pétange
|div_5 = Esch-sur-Alzette Canton
|pop_5 = 21,086

|city_6 = Sanem
|div_6 = Esch-sur-Alzette Canton
|pop_6 = 19,085

|city_7 = Hesperange
|div_7 = Luxembourg Canton
|pop_7 = 17,146

|city_8 = Bettembourg
|div_8 = Esch-sur-Alzette Canton
|pop_8 = 11,628

|city_9 = Schifflange
|div_9 = Esch-sur-Alzette Canton
|pop_9 = 11,589

|city_10 = Käerjeng
|div_10 = Capellen (canton){{!}}Capellen Canton
|pop_10 = 11,269

}}
[[File:Population density in Luxembourg.png|upright|thumb|Population density in Luxembourg by [[Communes of Luxembourg|communes]]. The main urban area, [[Luxembourg City]], is located in the south-center of the country.]]

=== Ethnicity ===
{| class="wikitable" style="float: center;margin:0 2em 0 0;"
|+Largest groups of immigrants (2025):<ref name="StatNat">{{cite web |title=Population par nationalités détaillées au 1er janvier |url=https://lustat.statec.lu/vis?fs[0]=Th%C3%A8mes%2C1%7CPopulation%20et%20emploi%23B%23%7CEtat%20de%20la%20population%23B1%23&pg=0&fc=Th%C3%A8mes&df[ds]=ds-release&df[id]=DF_B1113&df[ag]=LU1&df[vs]=1.2&pd=2015%2C2025&dq=.A |website=LUSTAT Data Explorer |access-date=13 May 2025 |language=French}}</ref>
|
# {{Flagicon|Portugal}} [[Portuguese in Luxembourg|Portugal]] (89,671)
# {{Flagicon|France}} France (49,185)
# {{Flagicon|Italy}} Italy (25,374)
# {{Flagicon|Belgium}} Belgium (18,582)
# {{Flagicon|Germany}} Germany (12,288)
# {{Flagicon|Spain}} Spain (9,917)
# {{Flagicon|Romania}} Romania (6,898)
# {{Flagicon|Ukraine}} Ukraine (5,597)
# {{Flagicon|India}} India (5,474)
# {{Flagicon|Poland}} Poland (5,150)

|}
The people of Luxembourg are called [[Luxembourgers]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eu2005.lu/en/savoir_lux/societe_tradition/lux_type/index.php |title=Luxembourg Presidency – Being a Luxembourger |publisher=Eu2005.lu |date=29 December 2004 |access-date=25 April 2010 |archive-date=30 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161230111243/http://www.eu2005.lu/en/savoir_lux/societe_tradition/lux_type/index.php |url-status=live }}</ref> The immigrant population increased in the 20th century due to the arrival of immigrants from Belgium, France, Italy, Germany, and Portugal; the last comprised the largest group. In 2013 about 88,000 Luxembourg inhabitants possessed [[Portuguese Luxembourger|Portuguese]] nationality.<ref>{{cite web |title=Population par sexe et par nationalité (x 1 000) 1981, 1991, 2001–2013 |url=http://www.statistiques.public.lu/stat/TableViewer/tableView.aspx?ReportId=384&IF_Language=fra&MainTheme=2&FldrName=1 |publisher=Le portail des Statistiques |access-date=9 April 2014 |archive-date=29 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220329200943/https://statistiques.public.lu/stat/TableViewer/tableView.aspx?ReportId=384&IF_Language=fra&MainTheme=2&FldrName=1 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2025, there were 681,973 permanent residents, 47% of which were of foreign nationals; the largest foreign national groups were the Portuguese, comprising 13.2% of the total population, followed by the French (7.2%), Italians (3.7%), Belgians (2.7%) and Germans (1.8%). Another 7.2% were of another EU nationality, 3.5% were non-EU European, and 7.2% were from outside Europe.<ref name="StatNat"/>

Since the beginning of the [[Yugoslav wars]], Luxembourg has seen many immigrants from Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, and Serbia. Annually, over 10,000 new immigrants arrive in Luxembourg, mostly from the EU states, as well as Eastern Europe. In 2000 there were 162,000 immigrants in Luxembourg, accounting for 37% of the total population. There were an estimated 5,000 illegal immigrants in Luxembourg in 1999.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.compas.ox.ac.uk/publications/papers/Country%20Case%20Luxembourg.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050430134727/http://www.compas.ox.ac.uk/publications/papers/Country%20Case%20Luxembourg.pdf |archive-date=30 April 2005 |title=The Regularisation of Unauthorised Migrants: Literature Survey and Country Case Studies – Regularisation programmes in Luxembourg |access-date=2 September 2006 |author=Amanda Levinson |publisher=Centre on Migration, Policy and Society, University of Oxford }}</ref>

=== Language ===
{{Main|Languages of Luxembourg|Multilingualism in Luxembourg|Luxembourg literature}}
Luxembourg does not have any "official" languages per se. As determined by the 1984 Language Regimen Act (French: ''Loi sur le régime des langues''), [[Luxembourgish]] is the sole [[national language]] of the Luxembourgish people.<ref name="auto"/> It is considered the mother tongue or "language of the heart" for Luxembourgers and the language they generally use to speak or write to each other. Luxembourgish as well as the dialects in adjacent Germany belong to the [[Moselle Franconian]] subgroup of the main [[West Central German]] dialect group, which are largely mutually intelligible across the border, but Luxembourgish also has more than 5,000 words of French origin.<ref>{{cite web|title=Origins of Luxembourgish (in French)|url=http://www.sprooch.com/sproochbe/conferences/conference1/Les%20origines%20et%20l%27histoire%20de%20la%20langue%20luxembourgeoise.doc|publisher=Migration Information Source|access-date=8 February 2010|archive-date=21 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110221195439/http://www.sprooch.com/sproochbe/conferences/conference1/Les%20origines%20et%20l%27histoire%20de%20la%20langue%20luxembourgeoise.doc|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=14 December 2000|title=Parlement européen – Lëtzebuergesch léieren (FR)|url=http://www.europarl.europa.eu/language/apprendrelu_fr.htm|access-date=2 April 2015|publisher=Europarl.europa.eu|archive-date=25 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141225170654/http://www.europarl.europa.eu/language/apprendrelu_fr.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Knowledge of Luxembourgish is a criterion for [[naturalization]].<ref>{{cite book | editor-last=Bauböck | editor-first=Rainer | editor-last2=Ersbøll | editor-first2=Eva | editor-last3=Groenendijk | editor-first3=C. A. | editor-last4=Waldrauch | editor-first4=Harald | title=Acquisition and loss of nationality: policies and trends in 15 European states. Volume 2, Country analyses | publisher=Amsterdam University Press | location=Amsterdam | date=2006 | isbn=978-90-485-0446-6 | oclc=122909816 | chapter=Luxembourg | first1=Francois | last1=Moyse | first2=Pierre | last2=Brasseur | first3=Denis | last3=Scuto | pages=367–390 | url=https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/id/83814b06-2b96-4c32-b8d5-670a28f6bc60/340146.pdf | access-date=24 February 2023 | archive-date=24 February 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224235445/https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/id/83814b06-2b96-4c32-b8d5-670a28f6bc60/340146.pdf | url-status=live }}</ref>

In addition to Luxembourgish, French and German are used in administrative and judicial matters, making all three [[administrative language]]s of Luxembourg.<ref name="auto"/> Per article 4 of the law promulgated in 1984, if a citizen asks a question in Luxembourgish, German or French, the administration must reply, as far as possible, in the language in which the question was asked.<ref name="auto"/>

[[File:Bank multilingual luxembourg.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Advertisement from a bank in Luxembourg with translations in (clockwise from top left) Luxembourgish, German, English, French, and Portuguese]]
Luxembourg is largely multilingual. According to 2021 census data, 48.9% of citizens claimed Luxembourgish as their main language, 15.4% Portuguese, 14.9% French, 3.6% English, 3.6% Italian, 2.9% German and 10.8% different languages (the most spoken ones being Spanish, Arabic, Dutch, Russian, Polish and Romanian).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-08 |title=La diversité linguistique |url=https://statistiques.public.lu/fr/recensement/diversite-linguistique.html#video |access-date=2025-05-07 |website=statistiques.public.lu |language=fr}}</ref> 
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" |Main language
! colspan="2" |2021 census<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |date=2023-12-08 |title=La diversité linguistique |url=https://statistiques.public.lu/fr/recensement/diversite-linguistique.html#video |access-date=2025-05-07 |website=statistiques.public.lu |language=fr}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |2011 census<ref name=":7" />
|-
!Absolute
!%
!Absolute
!%
|-
|[[Luxembourgish]] 
|275,361
|48.9%
|265,731
|55.8%
|-
|[[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]
|86,598
|15.4%
|74,636
|15.7%
|-
|[[French language|French]]
|83,802
|14.9%
|57,633
|12.1%
|-
|[[English language|English]]
|20,316
|3.6%
|10,018
|2.1%
|-
|[[Italian language|Italian]]
|20,021
|3.6%
|13,896
|2.9%
|-
|[[German language|German]]
|16,412
|2.9%
|14,658
|3.1%
|-
|Other languages
|60,582
|10.8%
|40,042
|8.4%
|-
|Total
|563.092
|100%
|476,614
|100%
|}
Though not the most common mother tongue in Luxembourg, French is the most widely-known language in the country: in 2021, 98% of citizens were able to speak it to a high level.<ref name="luxembourg.public.lu">{{Cite web|title=What languages do people speak in Luxembourg?|url=http://luxembourg.public.lu/en/society-and-culture/languages/languages-spoken-luxembourg.html|access-date=13 September 2021|website=luxembourg.public.lu|language=en|archive-date=21 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210621143934/https://luxembourg.public.lu/en/society-and-culture/languages/languages-spoken-luxembourg.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The vast majority of Luxembourg residents are able to speak it as a second or third language.<ref name="admin">{{Cite web|date=12 August 2020|title=D'Lëtzebuergescht, bald eng langue morte?!|url=https://guykaiser.lu/dletzebuergescht-bald-eng-langue-morte/|access-date=16 October 2021|website=Guy Kaiser Online|archive-date=16 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211016163621/https://guykaiser.lu/dletzebuergescht-bald-eng-langue-morte/|url-status=live}}</ref> {{As of|2018}}, much of the population was able to speak multiple other languages: 80% of citizens reported being able to hold a conversation in English, 78% in German and 77% in Luxembourgish, claiming these languages as their respective second, third or fourth language.<ref name="luxembourg.public.lu" />

Each of the three official languages is used as a primary language in certain spheres of everyday life, without being exclusive. Luxembourgish is the language that Luxembourgers generally use to speak and write to each other, and there has been a recent{{When|date=December 2023}} increase in the production of novels and movies in the language.{{Citation needed|date=February 2024}} At the same time, the numerous expatriate workers (approximately 44% of the population) generally do not use it to speak to each other.<ref>{{Cite web|last=STATEC|date=2013|title=Informations statistiques récentes STATEC|url=https://statistiques.public.lu/fr/actualites/population/population/2013/04/20130418/20130418.pdf|access-date=17 September 2021|archive-date=20 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210920133822/https://statistiques.public.lu/fr/actualites/population/population/2013/04/20130418/20130418.pdf}}</ref>

Most official business and written communication is carried out in French, which is also the language mostly used for public communication, with written official statements, advertising displays and road signs generally in French. Due to the historical influence of the Napoleonic Code on the legal system of the Grand Duchy, French is also the sole language of the legislation and generally the preferred language of the government, administration and justice. Parliamentary debates are mostly conducted in Luxembourgish, whereas written government communications and official documents (e.g. administrative or judicial decisions, passports, etc.) are drafted mostly in French and sometimes additionally in German.{{Citation needed|date=December 2020}}

Although professional life is largely multilingual, French is described by private sector business leaders as the main working language of their companies (56%), followed by Luxembourgish (20%), English (18%), and German (6%).<ref>Les langues dans les offres d'emploi au Luxembourg (1984–2014), Université du Luxembourg, IPSE Identités, Politiques, Sociétés, Espaces, Working Paper, Juin 2015</ref>

German is very often used in much of the media along with French and is considered by most Luxembourgers their second language. This is mostly due to the high similarity of German to Luxembourgish but also because it is the first language taught to children in primary school (language of literacy acquisition).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eu2005.lu/fr/savoir_lux/lux_publications/a_propos_langues/a_propos_langues.pdf |title=À propos des langues |access-date=1 August 2006 |pages=3–4 |publisher=Service Information et Presse |language=fr |archive-date=27 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927052425/http://www.eu2005.lu/fr/savoir_lux/lux_publications/a_propos_langues/a_propos_langues.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Due to the large [[Portuguese in Luxembourg|community of Portuguese origin]], the Portuguese language is fairly prevalent in Luxembourg, though it remains limited to the relationships inside this community. Portuguese has no official status, but the administration sometimes makes certain informative documents available in Portuguese.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.alphatrad.com/news/portuguese-in-luxembourg |title=The Portuguese in Luxembourg: key statistics, history and origins |website=Optilingua Europe |first=Frédéric |last=Ibanez |date=18 July 2023 |access-date=15 May 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/zfs-2012-0004/html |title=Code-switching practices in Luxembourg's Portuguese-speaking minority: A pilot study on the distinctive characteristics of an immigrant community’s code-switching practices within a trilingual majority |journal=Zeitschrift für Sprachwissenschaft |volume=31 |issue=1 |first1=Gerald |last1=Stell |first2=Carmen |last2=Parafita Couto |date=2012 |pp=153–185 |doi=10.1515/zfs-2012-0004|doi-access=free }}</ref>

Even though Luxembourg is largely multilingual today, some people claim that Luxembourg is subject of intense [[francization]] and that Luxembourgish and German are in danger of disappearing in the country. This would make Luxembourg either a unilingual Francophone country, or at best a bilingual French- and English-speaking country sometime in the far future.<ref>{{Cite web|date=25 February 2021|title=Lëtzebuergesch gëtt ëmmer méi aus dem Alldag verdrängt|url=https://www.moien.lu/letzebuergesch-gett-verdrangt/|access-date=16 October 2021|website=MOIEN.LU|language=lb|archive-date=16 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211016173831/https://www.moien.lu/letzebuergesch-gett-verdrangt/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Katar auf Europäisch|language=de|work=Tages-Anzeiger|url=https://www.tagesanzeiger.ch/ausland/europa/katar-auf-europaeisch/story/12415559|access-date=16 October 2021|issn=1422-9994|archive-date=16 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211016173829/https://www.tagesanzeiger.ch/ausland/europa/katar-auf-europaeisch/story/12415559|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="admin"/>

{{See also|Luxembourgish#Endangered status claims}}

===Religion===
{{Main|Religion in Luxembourg}}
[[File:Notre Dame Cathedral Luxembourg.JPG|thumb|upright|[[Notre-Dame Cathedral, Luxembourg|Notre-Dame Cathedral]], Luxembourg City]]

Luxembourg is a [[secular state]], but the state recognizes certain religions as officially mandated religions. This gives the state a hand in religious administration and appointment of clergy, in exchange for which the state pays certain running costs and wages. Religions covered by such arrangements are [[Catholicism]], [[Judaism]], [[Greek Orthodoxy]], [[Anglicanism]], [[Russian Orthodox Church|Russian Orthodoxy]], [[Lutheranism]], [[Calvinism]], [[Mennonitism]], and [[Islam]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wort.lu/articles/5957651.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080522103349/http://www.wort.lu/articles/5957651.html |archive-date=22 May 2008 |title=D'Wort article (German) |access-date=24 July 2007 |publisher=wort.lu |language=fr }}</ref>

Since 1980, it has been illegal for the government to collect statistics on religious beliefs or practices.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.legilux.public.lu/leg/a/archives/1979/0291104/0291104.pdf#page=2 |title=Mémorial A, 1979, No. 29 |access-date=1 August 2006 |format=PDF |publisher=Service central de législation |language=fr |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060822072540/http://www.legilux.public.lu/leg/a/archives/1979/0291104/0291104.pdf#page=2 |archive-date=22 August 2006 }}</ref> A 2000 estimate by the [[The World Factbook|CIA Factbook]] is that 87% of Luxembourgers are Catholic, including the grand ducal family, with the remaining 13% being Protestants, Orthodox Christians, Jews, Muslims, and those of other or no religion.<ref name="CIA World Factbook">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/luxembourg/ |title=World Factbook – Luxembourg |access-date=13 January 2007 |date=19 December 2006 |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |archive-date=9 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109075735/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/luxembourg |url-status=live }}</ref> According to a 2010 [[Pew Research Center]] study, 70.4% are Christian, 2.3% Muslim, 26.8% unaffiliated, and 0.5% other religions.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://features.pewforum.org/grl/population-percentage.php |title=Table: Religious Composition by Country, in Percentages &#124; Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project |publisher=Features.pewforum.org |date=18 December 2012 |access-date=2 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130101080244/http://features.pewforum.org/grl/population-percentage.php |archive-date=1 January 2013 }}</ref>

According to a 2005 [[Eurobarometer]] poll,<ref name=EUROBAROMETER>[http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_225_report_en.pdf Eurobarometer on Social Values, Science and technology 2005] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060524004644/http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_225_report_en.pdf |date=24 May 2006 }} – page 11</ref> 44% of Luxembourg citizens responded that "they believe there is a God", whereas 28% answered that "they believe there is some sort of spirit or life force", and 22% that "they do not believe there is any sort of spirit, god, or life force".

=== Education ===
{{See also|List of secondary schools in Luxembourg}}
[[File:Université du Luxembourg Campus Limp Bâtiment central 2008.jpg|thumb|The [[University of Luxembourg]] is the only university based in the country.]]
[[Education in Luxembourg|Luxembourg's education system]] is trilingual: the first years of primary school are in Luxembourgish, before changing to German; while in secondary school, the language of instruction changes to French.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.unavarra.es/tel2l/eng/luxembourg.htm |title=The Trilingual Education system in Luxembourg |access-date=9 June 2007 |publisher=Tel2l – Teacher Education by Learning through two languages, University of Navarra |archive-date=26 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626050947/http://www.unavarra.es/tel2l/eng/luxembourg.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Proficiency in all three languages is required for graduation from secondary school. In addition to the three national languages, English is taught in compulsory schooling and much of the population of Luxembourg can speak English. The past two decades have highlighted the growing importance of English in several sectors, in particular the financial sector. Portuguese, the language of the largest immigrant community, is also spoken by large segments of the population, but by relatively few from outside the Portuguese-speaking community.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.europarl.europa.eu/language/apprendrelu_fr.htm |title=Parlement européen – Lëtzebuergesch léieren (FR) |publisher=Europarl.europa.eu |date=14 December 2000 |access-date=9 May 2010 |archive-date=11 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511073133/http://www.europarl.europa.eu/language/apprendrelu_fr.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

The [[University of Luxembourg]] is the only university based in Luxembourg. In 2014, [[Luxembourg School of Business]], a graduate business school, was created through private initiative and received the accreditation from the Ministry of Higher Education and Research of Luxembourg in 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://legilux.public.lu/eli/etat/adm/amin/2017/08/29/b2648/jo|title=Arrêté ministériel du 29 août 2017 portant accréditation de " Luxembourg School of Business " (LSB) en tant qu'établissement d'enseignement supérieur spécialisé et du programme d'études à temps partiel " Master of Business Administration " (MBA) offert par l'établissement précité. – Legilux|website=legilux.public.lu|access-date=6 December 2018|archive-date=23 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190123142908/http://legilux.public.lu/eli/etat/adm/amin/2017/08/29/b2648/jo|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://luxembourg.public.lu/en/work-and-study/studying-in-luxembourg/universities.html|title=Higher Education Institutions|website=www.luxembourg.public.lu|language=en|access-date=25 April 2023|archive-date=25 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425170447/https://luxembourg.public.lu/en/work-and-study/studying-in-luxembourg/universities.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Miami University]], an American university, maintains the [[Miami University Dolibois European Center|Dolibois European Center]] satellite campus in [[Differdange]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.units.miamioh.edu/luxembourg/|title=Home {{!}} John E. Dolibois European Center {{!}} Miami University|website=www.units.miamioh.edu|access-date=28 December 2016|archive-date=12 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170112220721/http://www.units.miamioh.edu/luxembourg/|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Healthcare ===
{{Main|Health in Luxembourg|Healthcare in Luxembourg}}
According to data from the [[World Health Organization]], healthcare spending on behalf of the government of Luxembourg topped $4.1 Billion, amounting to about $8,182 for each citizen in the nation.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=http://www.euro.who.int/en/countries/luxembourg/data-and-statistics|title=World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe|website=www.euro.who.int|access-date=3 December 2017|archive-date=6 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171106153330/http://www.euro.who.int/en/countries/luxembourg/data-and-statistics|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=http://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=SHA|title=Health Expenditure and Financing|website=stats.oecd.org|access-date=29 November 2017|archive-date=10 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210153513/https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=SHA|url-status=live}}</ref>.Luxembourg allows residents to choose their own doctor. While also having public healthcare cover 80% to 90% of all healthcare costs. The nation of Luxembourg collectively spent nearly 7% of its [[Gross domestic product]] on health, placing it among the highest spending countries on [[Health care|health services]] and related programs in 2010,<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=https://healthmanagement.org/c/hospital/issuearticle/overview-of-the-healthcare-system-in-luxembourg|title=Overview of the Healthcare System in Luxembourg|website=Health Management EuroStat|access-date=1 December 2017|archive-date=8 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171208174807/https://healthmanagement.org/c/hospital/issuearticle/overview-of-the-healthcare-system-in-luxembourg|url-status=live}}</ref> and 6th place in highest health index of countries in Europe in 2023.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title=Health index of countries in Europe in 2023 {{!}} Statista |url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/1376355/health-index-of-countries-in-europe/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241230041407/https://www.statista.com/statistics/1376355/health-index-of-countries-in-europe/ |archive-date=30 December 2024 |access-date=2025-02-19 |website=Statista |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref>