Editing List of popes (section)

==== 20th century ====
{{pope list begin|title=Popes of the 20th century}}
{{pope list item
| 257<br>[[File:C o a Pius X (2).svg|40px]]
| [[1903 papal conclave|4 August 1903]] –<br>20 August 1914<br>{{small|({{Age in years and days|1903|08|04|1914|08|20}})}}
| [[File:Pius X, by Francesco De Federicis, 1903 (cropped).jpg|80px]]
| '''St [[Pope Pius X|Pius X]]'''<br>{{small|'''PIVS''' Decimus}}
| Giuseppe Melchiorre Sarto
| 2 June 1835 [[Riese Pio X|Riese]], [[Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia]], [[Austrian Empire]]
| 68 / 79
| Motto: {{lang|la|Instaurare omnia in Christo}} {{small|("To restore all things in Christ")}}
Subject of the [[Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia]], later becoming an Italian citizen. Placed a renewed emphasis on the [[Eucharist]], expanding its reception. Combatted [[Modernism (Roman Catholicism)|Modernism]], issuing an [[Oath Against Modernism|oath against it]] (1910). Advocated the use of [[Gregorian Chant]] and [[Reform of the Roman Breviary by Pope Pius X|reformed the Roman Breviary]] (1911).
}}
{{pope list item
| 258<br>[[File:C o a Benedictus XV.svg|40px]]
| [[1914 papal conclave|3 September 1914]] –<br>22 January 1922<br>{{small|({{Age in years and days|1914|09|03|1922|01|22}})}}
| [[File:Benedictus XV, by Nicola Perscheid, 1915 (retouched).jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Benedict XV|Benedict XV]]'''<br>{{small|'''BENEDICTVS''' Quintus Decimus}}
| Giacomo Paolo Giovanni Battista della Chiesa
| 21 November 1854 [[Pegli]], [[Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)|Kingdom of Sardinia]]
| 59 / 67
| Motto: {{lang|la|In Te, Domine, speravi; non confundar in aeternum}} {{small|("In Thee, o Lord, have I trusted; let me not be confounded for evermore")}}
Subject of the [[Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)|Kingdom of Sardinia]], later becoming an Italian citizen. Credited for intervening for peace during [[World War I]]. Issued the [[1917 Code of Canon Law]]; supported the missionaries in ''[[Maximum illud]]''. Remembered by [[Pope Benedict XVI|Benedict XVI]] as a "prophet of peace". Reversed the betting ban on the outcome of papal elections imposed by [[Pope Gregory XIV|Gregory XIV]].
}}
{{pope list item
| 259<br>[[File:C o a Pius XI.svg|40px]]
| [[1922 papal conclave|6 February 1922]] –<br>10 February 1939<br>{{small|({{Age in years and days|1922|02|06|1939|02|10}})}}
| [[File:Pius XI, by Nicola Perscheid (retouched).jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Pius XI|Pius XI]]'''<br>{{small|'''PIVS''' Undecimus}}
| Ambrogio Damiano Achille Ratti
| 31 May 1857 [[Desio]], Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia, Austrian Empire
| 64 / 81
| Motto: {{lang|la|Pax Christi in Regno Christi}} {{small|("The Peace of Christ in the Kingdom of Christ")}}
Subject of the [[Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia]], later becoming an Italian citizen. Signed the [[Lateran Treaty]] with Italy (1929), establishing [[Vatican City]] as a sovereign state. Inaugurated the [[Vatican Radio]] (1931). Refounded the [[Pontifical Academy of Sciences]] (1936). Instituted the [[feast of Christ the King]]. Opposed [[Nazism]] and [[Communism]].
}}
{{pope list item
| 260<br>[[File:C o a Pius XII (2).svg|40px]]
| [[1939 papal conclave|2 March 1939]] –<br>9 October 1958<br>{{small|({{Age in years and days|1939|03|02|1958|10|09}})}}
| [[File:Pius XII, by Michael Pitcairn, 1951 (cropped).jpg|80px]]
| [[Venerable#Roman Catholic|Ven]]. '''[[Pope Pius XII|Pius XII]]'''<br>{{small|'''PIVS''' Duodecimus}}
| Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli
| 2 March 1876 Rome, [[Kingdom of Italy]]
| 63 / 82
| Motto: {{lang|la|Opus justitiae pax}} {{small|("The work of justice [shall be] peace")}}
Italian citizen; first pope born after the [[unification of Italy]]. Credited with intervening for peace during [[World War II]]; controversial for [[Pope Pius XII and the Holocaust|his reactions]] to the [[Holocaust]]. Eliminated the Italian majority of [[College of Cardinals|cardinals]]. Invoked papal infallibility in the apostolic constitution ''[[Munificentissimus Deus]]'', defining the dogma of the [[Assumption of Mary|Assumption]]. Published the ''[[Humani generis]]'' (1950), the first encyclical to specifically refer to evolution and took a neutral position, concentrating on human evolution:

"The Church does not forbid that ... research and discussions, on the part of men experienced in both fields, take place with regard to the doctrine of evolution, in as far as it inquires into the origin of the human body as coming from pre-existent and living matter."<ref>Pius XII, [https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/pius_xii/encyclicals/documents/hf_p-xii_enc_12081950_humani-generis_en.html encyclical ''Humani generis''] 36 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419021937/https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/pius_xii/encyclicals/documents/hf_p-xii_enc_12081950_humani-generis_en.html |date=April 19, 2012 }}</ref>
}}
{{pope list item
| 261<br>[[File:C o a Johannes XXIII.svg|40px]]
| [[1958 papal conclave|28 October 1958]] –<br>3 June 1963<br>{{small|({{Age in years and days|1958|10|28|1963|06|03}})}}
| [[File:Ioannes XXIII, by De Agostini, 1958–1963.jpg|80px]]
| '''St [[Pope John XXIII|John XXIII]]'''<br>{{small|'''IOANNES''' Vicesimus Tertius}}
| Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli
| 25 November 1881 [[Sotto il Monte Giovanni XXIII|Sotto il Monte]], Kingdom of Italy
| 76 / 81
| Motto: {{lang|la|Obedientia et pax}} {{small|("Obedience and peace")}}
Italian citizen. Opened the [[Second Vatican Council]] (1962). Intervened for peace during the [[Cuban Missile Crisis]] (1962); issued the encyclical ''[[Pacem in terris]]'' (1963) on peace and nuclear disarmament Called the "Good Pope John".
}}
{{pope list item
| 262<br>[[File:C o a Paulus VI.svg|40px]]
| [[1963 papal conclave|21 June 1963]] –<br>6 August 1978<br>{{small|({{Age in years and days|1963|06|21|1978|08|06}})}}
| [[File:Paulus VI, by Fotografia Felici, 1969.jpg|80px]]
| '''St [[Pope Paul VI|Paul VI]]'''<br>{{small|'''PAVLVS''' Sextus}}
| Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini
| 26 September 1897 [[Concesio]], Kingdom of Italy
| 65 / 80
| Motto: {{lang|la|Cum Ipso in monte}} {{small|("With Him on the mountain")}}
Italian citizen. Last pope to be [[papal coronation|crowned]]. First pope since 1809 to travel outside Italy. Closed the [[Second Vatican Council]] (1965). First pope since the 9th century to visit the East, labelling the [[Eastern Church]]es as sister churches; visited the [[Eastern Orthodox]] Patriarchs of [[Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Jerusalem|Jerusalem]] and [[Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople|Constantinople]] in 1964 and 1967. Rescinded the mutual [[excommunication]]s which led to the [[Great Schism of 1054]] in his meeting with Patriarch [[Athenagoras I of Constantinople|Athenagoras I]] in 1964. Issued the encyclical ''[[Humanae vitae]]'' (1968), reaffirming the condemnation of [[artificial contraception]]. [[Mass of Paul VI|Revised]] the [[Roman Missal]] (1969).
}}
{{pope list item
| 263<br>[[File:C o a Johannes Paulus I.svg|40px]]
| [[August 1978 papal conclave|26 August 1978]] –<br>28 September 1978<br>{{small|({{Age in years and days|1978|08|26|1978|09|28}})}}
| [[File:Paus Johannes Paulus I (Bestanddeelnr 929-9074) (cropped).jpg|80 px]]
| Bl. '''[[Pope John Paul I|John Paul I]]'''<br>{{small|'''IOANNES PAVLVS''' Primus}}
| Albino Luciani
| 17 October 1912 [[Canale d'Agordo|Forno di Canale]], Kingdom of Italy
| 65 / 65
| Motto: {{lang|la|Humilitas}} {{small|("Humility")}}
Italian citizen; most recent [[Italians|Italian]] pope. First pope to be born in the twentieth century. Abolished the papal coronation and opted for the [[papal inauguration]]. First pope to use "the First" in his [[papal name]]; first with two names for his two immediate predecessors. Last to use the ''[[sedia gestatoria]]''. Died 33 days after his election.
}}
{{pope list item
| 264<br>[[File:Coat of arms of Ioannes Paulus II.svg|40px]]
| [[October 1978 papal conclave|16 October 1978]] –<br>[[Death and funeral of Pope John Paul II|2 April 2005]]<br>{{small|({{Age in years and days|1978|10|16|2005|04|02}})}}
| [[File:Pope John Paul II smile FXD.jpg|80px]]
| '''St [[Pope John Paul II|John Paul II]]'''<br>{{small|'''IOANNES PAVLVS''' Secundus}}
| Karol Józef Wojtyła
| 18 May 1920 [[Wadowice]], [[Second Polish Republic|Republic of Poland]]
| 58 / 84
| Motto: {{lang|la|[[Totus tuus]]}} {{small|("Totally yours")}}
Polish citizen; first pope from [[Poland]] and first of [[Slavs|Slavic]] origin. First non-Italian pope since [[Pope Adrian VI|Adrian VI]] (1522–1523). Youngest individual to begin his papacy since [[Pope Pius IX|Pius IX]] (1846). Third-longest reigning pope after [[Saint Peter|Peter]] and [[Pope Pius IX|Pius IX]]. Travelled extensively, [[List of pastoral visits of Pope John Paul II|visiting 129 countries]] during his pontificate. Issued the encyclical ''[[Redemptor hominis]]'' (1979), exploring contemporary human problems. Established the [[World Youth Day]] (1984) and the [[Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences]] (1994). [[List of saints canonized by Pope John Paul II|Canonized 483 saints]]; more than any of his predecessors. Signed the [[Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification]] (1999) between the Catholic Church and the [[Lutheran World Federation]]. First to use the [[popemobile]], replacing the ''sedia gestatoria''.
}}
{{pope list end}}