Editing Light-emitting diode (section)

== Colors and materials ==
Conventional LEDs are made from a variety of inorganic [[semiconductor materials]]. The following table shows the available colors with wavelength range, voltage drop and material:
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
!
!Color
![[Wavelength]] (nm)
!Voltage (V)
!Semiconductor material
|-
| bgcolor="white" |
|[[Infrared]]
|[[Wavelength|''λ'']] > 760
|[[Delta (letter)|Δ]]''V'' < 1.9
|[[Gallium arsenide]] (GaAs)
[[Aluminium gallium arsenide]] (AlGaAs)
|-
| bgcolor="red" |
|[[Red]]
|610 < ''λ'' < 760
|1.63 < Δ''V'' < 2.03
|[[Aluminium gallium arsenide]] (AlGaAs)
[[Gallium arsenide phosphide]] (GaAsP)
[[Aluminium gallium indium phosphide]] (AlGaInP) 
[[Gallium(III) phosphide]] (GaP)
|-
| bgcolor="#FF7F00" |
|[[Orange (colour)|Orange]]
|590 < ''λ'' < 610
|2.03 < Δ''V'' < 2.10
|[[Gallium arsenide phosphide]] (GaAsP)
[[Aluminium gallium indium phosphide]] (AlGaInP) 
[[Gallium(III) phosphide]] (GaP)
|-
| bgcolor="yellow" |
|[[Yellow]]
|570 < ''λ'' < 590
|2.10 < Δ''V'' < 2.18
|[[Gallium arsenide phosphide]] (GaAsP)
[[Aluminium gallium indium phosphide]] (AlGaInP) 
[[Gallium(III) phosphide]] (GaP)
|-
| bgcolor="#00FF00" |
|[[Green]]
|500 < ''λ'' < 570
|1.9<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://catalog.osram-os.com/media/_en/Graphics/00041987_0.pdf|title=OSRAM: green LED}}</ref> < Δ''V'' < 4.0
|[[Indium gallium nitride]] (InGaN) / [[Gallium(III) nitride]] (GaN)
[[Gallium(III) phosphide]] (GaP)
[[Aluminium gallium indium phosphide]] (AlGaInP)
[[Aluminium gallium phosphide]] (AlGaP)
|-
| bgcolor="blue" |
|[[Blue]]
|450 < ''λ'' < 500
|2.48 < Δ''V'' < 3.7
|[[Zinc selenide]] (ZnSe)
[[Indium gallium nitride]] (InGaN)
[[Silicon carbide]] (SiC) as substrate
[[Silicon]] (Si) as substrate — (under development)
|-
| bgcolor="#8B00FF" |
|[[Violet (color)|Violet]]
|400 < ''λ'' < 450
|2.76 < Δ''V'' < 4.0
|[[Indium gallium nitride]] (InGaN)
|-
| bgcolor="#BF00FF" |
|[[Purple]]
|multiple types
|2.48 < Δ''V'' < 3.7
|Dual blue/red LEDs,
blue with red phosphor,
or white with purple plastic
|-
| bgcolor="white" |
|[[Ultraviolet]]
|''λ'' < 400
|3.1 < Δ''V'' < 4.4
|[[Diamond]] (235&nbsp;nm)<ref name="dia2">{{cite journal |last1=Koizumi |first1=S. |last2=Watanabe |first2=K |last3=Hasegawa |first3=M |last4=Kanda |first4=H |year=2001 |title=Ultraviolet Emission from a Diamond pn Junction |journal=Science |volume=292 |issue=5523 |pages=1899–2701 |doi=10.1126/science.1060258 |pmid=11397942|bibcode=2001Sci...292.1899K }}</ref>
[[Boron nitride]] (215&nbsp;nm)<ref name="BN2">{{cite journal |last1=Kubota |first1=Y. |last2=Watanabe |first2=K. |last3=Tsuda |first3=O. |last4=Taniguchi |first4=T. |year=2007 |title=Deep Ultraviolet Light-Emitting Hexagonal Boron Nitride Synthesized at Atmospheric Pressure |journal=Science |volume=317 |issue=5840 |pages=932–934 |doi=10.1126/science.1144216 |pmid=17702939|bibcode=2007Sci...317..932K }}</ref><ref name="bn22">{{cite journal |last1=Watanabe |first1=Kenji |last2=Taniguchi |first2=Takashi |last3=Kanda |first3=Hisao |year=2004 |title=Direct-bandgap properties and evidence for ultraviolet lasing of hexagonal boron nitride single crystal |journal=Nature Materials |volume=3 |issue=6 |pages=404–409 |doi=10.1038/nmat1134 |pmid=15156198|bibcode=2004NatMa...3..404W }}</ref>
[[Aluminium nitride]] (AlN) (210&nbsp;nm)<ref name="aln"/>

[[Aluminium gallium nitride]] (AlGaN)
[[Aluminium gallium indium nitride]] (AlGaInN) — (down to 210&nbsp;nm)<ref>{{cite news |date=May 17, 2006 |title=LEDs move into the ultraviolet |url=http://physicsworld.com/cws/article/news/24926 |accessdate=2007-08-13 |publisher=physicsworld.com}}</ref>
|-
| bgcolor="white" |
|White
|Broad spectrum
|2.7 < Δ''V'' < 3.5
|Blue diode with yellow phosphor or violet/UV diode with multi-color phosphor &nbsp;
|}