Editing Latin America (section)

==Economy==
{{main|Latin American economy}}

===Size===
According to [[Goldman Sachs]]' [[BRICS]] review of emerging economies, by 2050 the largest economies in the world will be as follows: China, United States, India, Japan, Germany, United Kingdom, Mexico and Brazil.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chicagobooth.edu/alumni/clubs/pakistan/docs/next11dream-march%20%2707-goldmansachs.pdf|title=The N-11: More Than an Acronym|work=Appendix II: Projections in Detail|publisher=Goldman Sachs Economic Research|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100331050553/http://www.chicagobooth.edu/alumni/clubs/pakistan/docs/next11dream-march%20%2707-goldmansachs.pdf|archive-date=March 31, 2010}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: right"
|- style="background:#ececec;"
|+'''Population and economy size for Latin American countries'''
!Country
!Population{{UN_Population|ref}}<br /><small>({{UN_Population|Year}}, millions)</small>
!GDP (nominal)<ref name="knoema.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=47&pr.y=1&sy=2019&ey=2019&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=311%2C336%2C213%2C263%2C314%2C268%2C313%2C343%2C316%2C273%2C339%2C278%2C218%2C283%2C223%2C288%2C228%2C293%2C233%2C361%2C238%2C362%2C321%2C364%2C243%2C366%2C248%2C369%2C253%2C298%2C328%2C299%2C258&s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP&grp=0&a=|title=GDP 2019, some Latin American countries|work=IMF WEO Database|access-date=February 10, 2020|archive-date=August 3, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803022106/https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=47&pr.y=1&sy=2019&ey=2019&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=311%2C336%2C213%2C263%2C314%2C268%2C313%2C343%2C316%2C273%2C339%2C278%2C218%2C283%2C223%2C288%2C228%2C293%2C233%2C361%2C238%2C362%2C321%2C364%2C243%2C366%2C248%2C369%2C253%2C298%2C328%2C299%2C258&s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP&grp=0&a=|url-status=live}}</ref><br /><small>(2019, millions US$)</small>
!GDP (PPP)<br /><small>(2019, millions US$)</small>
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flag|Argentina}}
| {{#expr:{{replace|{{UN_Population|Argentina}}|,||}}/1e6 round 1}}
| 445,469
| 903,542
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flag|Bolivia}}
| {{#expr:{{replace|{{UN_Population|Bolivia (Plurinational State of)}}|,||}}/1e6 round 1}}
| 42,401
| 94,392
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flag|Brazil}}
| {{#expr:{{replace|{{UN_Population|Brazil}}|,||}}/1e6 round 1}}
| 1,847,020
| 3,456,357
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flag|Chile}}
| {{#expr:{{replace|{{UN_Population|Chile}}|,||}}/1e6 round 1}}
| 294,237
| 502,846
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flag|Colombia}}
| {{#expr:{{replace|{{UN_Population|Colombia}}|,||}}/1e6 round 1}}
| 327,895
| 783,002
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flag|Costa Rica}}
| {{#expr:{{replace|{{UN_Population|Costa Rica}}|,||}}/1e6 round 1}}
| 61,021
| 91,611
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flag|Cuba}}
| {{#expr:{{replace|{{UN_Population|Cuba}}|,||}}/1e6 round 1}}
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flag|Dominican Republic}}
| {{#expr:{{replace|{{UN_Population|Dominican Republic}}|,||}}/1e6 round 1}}
| 89,475
| 201,266
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flag|Ecuador}}
| {{#expr:{{replace|{{UN_Population|Ecuador}}|,||}}/1e6 round 1}}
| 107,914
| 202,773
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flag|El Salvador}}
| {{#expr:{{replace|{{UN_Population|El Salvador}}|,||}}/1e6 round 1}}
| 26,871
| 55,731
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flag|Guatemala}}
| {{#expr:{{replace|{{UN_Population|Guatemala}}|,||}}/1e6 round 1}}
| 81,318
| 153,322
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flag|Honduras}}
| {{#expr:{{replace|{{UN_Population|Honduras}}|,||}}/1e6 round 1}}
| 24,449
| 51,757
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flag|Mexico}}
| {{#expr:{{replace|{{UN_Population|Mexico}}|,||}}/1e6 round 1}}
| 1,274,175
| 2,627,851
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flag|Nicaragua}}
| {{#expr:{{replace|{{UN_Population|Nicaragua}}|,||}}/1e6 round 1}}
| 12,528
| 34,531
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flag|Panama}}
| {{#expr:{{replace|{{UN_Population|Panama}}|,||}}/1e6 round 1}}
| 68,536
| 113,156
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flag|Paraguay}}
| {{#expr:{{replace|{{UN_Population|Paraguay}}|,||}}/1e6 round 1}}
| 40,714
| 97,163
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flag|Peru}}
| {{#expr:{{replace|{{UN_Population|Peru}}|,||}}/1e6 round 1}}
| 228,989
| 478,303
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flag|Uruguay}}
| {{#expr:{{replace|{{UN_Population|Uruguay}}|,||}}/1e6 round 1}}
| 59,918
| 82,969
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flag|Venezuela}}
| {{#expr:{{replace|{{UN_Population|Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)}}|,||}}/1e6 round 1}}
| 70,140
| {{n/a}}
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| '''Total'''
| 577,8
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
|}<ref name="knoema.com"/>

===Agriculture===
{{Main|Agriculture in Latin America}}
[[File:SojaBrasnorte.jpg|thumb|[[Soybean]] plantation in [[Mato Grosso]]. In 2020, Brazil was the world's largest producer, with 130 million tons. Latin America produces half of the world's soybeans.]]
The four countries with the strongest agricultural sector in South America are Brazil, Argentina, Chile and Colombia. Currently:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL/|title=Latin America production in 2020, by FAO|access-date=June 18, 2022|archive-date=November 12, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161112130804/http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL/|url-status=live}}</ref>

* Brazil is the world's largest producer of sugarcane, soy, [[coffee]], [[Orange (fruit)|oranges]], [[guaraná]], [[açaí]] and [[Brazil nut]]; is one of the top five producers of [[maize]], [[papaya]], tobacco, [[pineapple]], [[banana]], [[cotton]], [[beans]], [[coconut]], [[watermelon]], [[lemon]] and [[yerba mate]]; is one of the top ten world producers of [[Cocoa bean|cocoa]], [[cashew]], [[avocado]], [[tangerine]], [[persimmon]], [[mango]], [[guava]], [[rice]], [[oat]], [[sorghum]] and [[tomato]]; and is one of the top 15 world producers of [[grape]]s, [[apple]]s, [[melon]]s, [[peanut]]s, [[common fig|fig]]s, [[peach]]es, [[onion]]s, [[palm oil]] and [[natural rubber]].
* Argentina is the world's largest producer of [[yerba mate]]; is one of the five largest producers in the world of soy, maize, [[sunflower seed]]s, [[lemon]]s and [[pear]]s, one of the 10 largest producers in the world of [[barley]], grapes, [[artichoke]]s, tobacco and cotton, and one of the 15 largest producers in the world of [[wheat]], [[oat]]s, [[chickpea]]s, sugarcane, [[sorghum]] and [[grapefruit]].
* Chile is one of the five largest world producers of [[cherry|cherries]] and [[cranberry|cranberries]], and one of the ten largest world producers of grapes, apples, [[Kiwifruit|kiwi]], peaches, [[plum]]s and [[hazelnut]]s, focusing on exporting high-value fruits.
* Colombia is one of the five largest producers in the world of coffee, [[avocado]]s and palm oil, and one of the ten largest producers in the world of sugarcane, bananas, [[pineapple]]s and [[Cocoa bean|cocoa]].
* Peru is the world's largest producer of [[quinoa]]; is one of the five largest producers of avocados, [[blueberries|blueberry]], artichokes and [[asparagus]]; one of the ten largest producers in the world of coffee and [[Cocoa bean|cocoa]]; one of the 15 largest producers in the world of [[potato]]es and pineapples, and also has a large production of grapes, sugarcane, [[rice]], bananas, maize and [[cassava]]; its agriculture is considerably diversified.
* Paraguay is currently the 6th largest producer of soy in the world and entering the list of the 20 largest producers of maize and sugarcane.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC/|title=South American countries production in 2018, by FAO|access-date=December 5, 2020|archive-date=November 12, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161112130804/http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC/|url-status=live}}</ref>

In Central America, the following stand out:
* Guatemala is one of the ten largest producers in the world of coffee, sugar cane, [[melon]]s and [[natural rubber]], and one of the world's 15 largest producers of bananas and [[palm oil]].
* Honduras is one of the five largest producers of coffee in the world, and one of the ten largest producers of [[palm oil]].
* Costa Rica is the world's largest producer of pineapples.
* Dominican Republic is one of the world's top five producers of [[papaya]]s and avocados, and one of the ten largest producers of [[Cocoa bean|cocoa]].
* Mexico is the world's largest producer of avocados, one of the world's top five producers of [[Chili pepper|Chile]], [[lemon]]s, oranges, mangos, papayas, [[strawberry|strawberries]], grapefruit, pumpkins and asparagus, and one of the world's 10 largest producers of sugar cane, maize, [[sorghum]], [[bean]]s, tomatoes, [[coconut]]s, pineapple, melons and blueberries.

[[File:Perdigao.jpg|thumb|Truck of a meat company in Brazil. Latin America produces 25% of the world's beef and chicken meat.]]

Brazil is the world's largest exporter of [[chicken meat]]: 3.77 million tons in 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aviculturaindustrial.com.br/imprensa/conheca-os-3-paises-que-desafiam-o-brasil-nas-exportacoes-de-frango/20200122-093443-o532|title=Conheça os 3 países que desafiam o Brasil nas exportações de frango|work=Avicultura Industrial |date=January 22, 2020|access-date=December 5, 2020|archive-date=August 14, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814020818/https://www.aviculturaindustrial.com.br/imprensa/conheca-os-3-paises-que-desafiam-o-brasil-nas-exportacoes-de-frango/20200122-093443-o532|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.farmnews.com.br/mercado/maiores-exportadores-de-carne-de-frango/|title=maiores exportadores de carne de frango entre os anos de 2015 e 2019|date=May 30, 2019|access-date=December 5, 2020|archive-date=June 1, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601220250/http://www.farmnews.com.br/mercado/maiores-exportadores-de-carne-de-frango/|url-status=live}}</ref> The country had the second largest herd of cattle in the world, 22.2% of the world herd. The country was the second largest producer of beef in 2019, responsible for 15.4% of global production.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.beefpoint.com.br/ibge-rebanho-de-bovinos-tinha-21823-milhoes-de-cabecas-em-2016/|title=IBGE: rebanho de bovinos tinha 218,23 milhões de cabeças em 2016|date=September 29, 2017|access-date=December 5, 2020|archive-date=May 9, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509124542/https://www.beefpoint.com.br/ibge-rebanho-de-bovinos-tinha-21823-milhoes-de-cabecas-em-2016/|url-status=live}}</ref> It was also the third largest world producer of milk in 2018. This year{{when|date=November 2021}}, the country produced 35.1 billion liters.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://agronewsbrazil.com.br/brasil-e-o-3o-maior-produtor-de-leite-do-mundo-superando-o-padrao-europeu-em-alguns-municipios/|title=Brasil é o 3º maior produtor de leite do mundo, superando o padrão Europeu em alguns municípios|access-date=December 5, 2020|archive-date=September 17, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200917042822/https://agronewsbrazil.com.br/brasil-e-o-3o-maior-produtor-de-leite-do-mundo-superando-o-padrao-europeu-em-alguns-municipios/|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2019, Brazil was the fourth largest pork producer in the world, with almost four million tons.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.farmnews.com.br/mercado/principais-paises-produtores-de-carne-suina/|title=principais países produtores de carne suína entre 2017 e a estimativa para 2019|date=July 23, 2019|access-date=December 5, 2020|archive-date=August 16, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816082805/https://www.farmnews.com.br/mercado/principais-paises-produtores-de-carne-suina/|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2018, Argentina was the fourth largest producer of beef in the world, with a production of 3 million tons (behind only United States, Brazil and China). Uruguay is also a major meat producer. In 2018, it produced 589 thousand tons of beef.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QL/|title=Argentina production in 2018, by FAO|access-date=December 5, 2020|archive-date=November 12, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161112130804/http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QL/|url-status=live}}</ref>

In the production of [[chicken meat]], Mexico is among the ten largest producers in the world, Argentina among the 15 largest and Peru and Colombia among the 20 largest. In beef production, Mexico is one of the ten largest producers in the world and Colombia is one of the 20 largest producers. In the production of pork, Mexico is among the 15 largest producers in the world. In the production of [[honey]], Argentina is among the five largest producers in the world, Mexico among the ten largest and Brazil among the 15 largest. In terms of [[cow's milk]] production, Mexico is among the 15 largest producers in the world and Argentina among the 20 largest.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fao.org/faostat/es/#data/QL/|title=Producción de carne y leche, por FAO|access-date=December 5, 2020|archive-date=October 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201016050347/http://www.fao.org/faostat/es/#data/QL/|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Mining and petroleum===
[[File:Cerro ricco.jpg|thumb|[[Cerro Rico]], [[Potosí Department|Potosi]], Bolivia, still a major mine]][[Mining]] is one of the most important economic sectors in Latin America, especially for [[Mining in Chile|Chile]], [[Mining in Peru|Peru]] and [[Mining in Bolivia|Bolivia]], whose economies are highly dependent on this sector. The continent has large productions of:
*[[gold]] (mainly in [[Gold mining in Peru|Peru]], Mexico, [[Gold mining in Brazil|Brazil]] and Argentina);<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/|title=mcs2021 /mcs2021-gold.pdf USGS Gold Production Statistics|access-date=June 27, 2021|archive-date=June 15, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210615031507/https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/|url-status=live}}</ref> 
*[[silver]] (mainly in Mexico, Peru, Chile, Bolivia and Argentina);<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-silver.pdf|title=Production statistics of USGS Silver|access-date=June 27, 2021|archive-date=May 15, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515082301/https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-silver.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> 
*[[copper]] (mainly in [[Copper mining in Chile|Chile]], [[Copper mining in Peru|Peru]], Mexico and Brazil);<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-copper.pdf|title=Copper production statistics for the USGS|access-date=June 27, 2021|archive-date=October 9, 2022|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-copper.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> 
*[[iron ore]] (Brazil, Peru and Chile);<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-iron-ore.pdf|title=Production statistics of USGS iron ore|access-date=June 27, 2021|archive-date=October 9, 2022|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-iron-ore.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> 
*[[zinc]] (Peru, Mexico, Bolivia and Brazil);<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-zinc.pdf|title=Zinc production statistics from USGS|access-date=June 27, 2021|archive-date=October 9, 2022|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-zinc.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> 
*[[molybdenum]] (Chile, Peru and Mexico);<ref name="pubs.usgs.gov">{{cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-molybdenum.pdf|title=USGS Molybdenum Production Statistics|access-date=June 27, 2021|archive-date=October 9, 2022|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-molybdenum.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> 
*[[lithium]] (Chile, Argentina and Brazil);<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-lithium.pdf|title=USGS lithium production statistics|access-date=June 27, 2021|archive-date=October 9, 2022|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-lithium.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> 
*[[lead]] (Peru, Mexico and Bolivia);<ref name="USGS Lead Production Statistics">{{cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-lead.pdf|title=USGS Lead Production Statistics|access-date=June 27, 2021|archive-date=May 15, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515091715/https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-lead.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> 
*[[bauxite]] (Brazil and Jamaica);<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-bauxite-alumina.pdf|title=USGS Bauxite Production Statistics|access-date=June 27, 2021|archive-date=December 8, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211208035529/https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-bauxite-alumina.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> 
*[[tin]] (Peru, Bolivia and Brazil);<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-tin.pdf|title=USGS tin production statistics|access-date=June 27, 2021|archive-date=August 13, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813153917/https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-tin.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> 
*[[manganese]] (Brazil and Mexico);<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-manganese.pdf|title=Manganese production statistics from the USGS|access-date=June 27, 2021|archive-date=June 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625143322/https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-manganese.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> 
*[[antimony]] (Bolivia, Mexico, Guatemala and Ecuador);<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-antimony.pdf|title=USGS antimony production statistics|access-date=June 27, 2021|archive-date=October 9, 2022|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-antimony.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> 
*[[nickel]] (Brazil, Dominican Republic and Cuba);<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-nickel.pdf|title=USGS Nickel Production Statistics|access-date=June 27, 2021|archive-date=October 9, 2022|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-nickel.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> 
*[[niobium]] (Brazil);<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-niobium.pdf|title=USGS Niobium Production Statistics|access-date=June 27, 2021|archive-date=October 9, 2022|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-niobium.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> 
*[[rhenium]] (Chile);<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-rhenium.pdf|title=USGS rhenium production statistics|access-date=June 27, 2021|archive-date=June 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210621074425/https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-rhenium.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> 
*[[iodine]] (Chile),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-iodine.pdf|title=USGS iodine production statistics|access-date=June 27, 2021|archive-date=June 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625191455/https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-iodine.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Brazil]] stands out in the extraction of 
*iron ore (where it is the 2nd largest producer and exporter in the world—iron ore is usually one of the three export products that generate the greatest value in the country's [[trade balance]])
*[[copper]]
*[[gold]]
*[[bauxite]] (one of the five largest producers in the world)
*[[manganese]] (one of the five largest producers in the world)
*[[tin]] (one of the largest producers in the world)
*[[niobium]] (98% of known world reserves) and 
*[[nickel]]

In terms of gemstones, Brazil is the world's largest producer of [[amethyst]]s, [[topaz]], and [[agate]]s and one of the main producers of [[tourmaline]], emeralds, [[aquamarine (gemstone)|aquamarine]]s, [[garnet]]s and [[opal]]s.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.br/anm/pt-br/pagina-inicial|title=ANM|website=gov.br Agência Nacional de Mineração|date=July 31, 2023|access-date=December 5, 2020|archive-date=August 4, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804161841/https://www.gov.br/anm/pt-br/pagina-inicial|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://noticias.r7.com/brasil/brasil-extrai-cerca-de-2-gramas-de-ouro-por-habitante-em-5-anos-29062019|title=Brasil extrai cerca de 2 gramas de ouro por habitante em 5 anos|date=June 29, 2019|website=R7.com|access-date=December 5, 2020|archive-date=July 12, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200712095924/https://noticias.r7.com/brasil/brasil-extrai-cerca-de-2-gramas-de-ouro-por-habitante-em-5-anos-29062019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://g1.globo.com/Noticias/Economia_Negocios/0,,MUL190262-9356,00-VOTORANTIM+METAIS+ADQUIRE+RESERVAS+DE+ZINCO+DA+MASA.html|title=G1 > Economia e Negócios – NOTÍCIAS – Votorantim Metais adquire reservas de zinco da Masa|website=g1.globo.com|access-date=December 5, 2020|archive-date=January 18, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118205757/http://g1.globo.com/Noticias/Economia_Negocios/0,,MUL190262-9356,00-VOTORANTIM+METAIS+ADQUIRE+RESERVAS+DE+ZINCO+DA+MASA.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://g1.globo.com/economia/noticia/2019/12/12/niobio-g1-visita-em-mg-complexo-industrial-do-maior-produtor-do-mundo.ghtml|title=Nióbio: G1 visita em MG complexo industrial do maior produtor do mundo|website=G1|date=December 12, 2019|access-date=December 5, 2020|archive-date=December 12, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212144838/https://g1.globo.com/economia/noticia/2019/12/12/niobio-g1-visita-em-mg-complexo-industrial-do-maior-produtor-do-mundo.ghtml|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cprm.gov.br/publique/Redes-Institucionais/Rede-de-Bibliotecas---Rede-Ametista/Algumas-Gemas-Classicas-1104.html|title=Serviço Geológico do Brasil|website=cprm.gov.br|access-date=December 5, 2020|archive-date=September 6, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190906194936/http://www.cprm.gov.br/publique/Redes-Institucionais/Rede-de-Bibliotecas---Rede-Ametista/Algumas-Gemas-Classicas-1104.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://noticias.band.uol.com.br/noticias/100000911432/rio-grande-do-sul-o-maior-exportador-de-pedras-preciosas-do-brasil.html|title=Rio Grande do Sul: o maior exportador de pedras preciosas do Brasil|website=Band.com.br|access-date=December 5, 2020|archive-date=May 2, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180502153003/https://noticias.band.uol.com.br/noticias/100000911432/rio-grande-do-sul-o-maior-exportador-de-pedras-preciosas-do-brasil.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Chile]] contributes about a third of the world's [[copper]] production.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-copper.pdf|title=Copper production in 2019 by USGS|access-date=June 27, 2021|archive-date=October 9, 2022|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-copper.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> In addition, Chile was, in 2019, the world's largest producer of iodine<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-iodine.pdf|title=USGS Iodine Production Statistics|access-date=June 27, 2021|archive-date=June 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625191455/https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-iodine.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[rhenium]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-rhenium.pdf|title=USGS Rhenium Production Statistics|access-date=June 27, 2021|archive-date=June 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210621074425/https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-rhenium.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> the second largest producer of [[lithium]]<ref name="USGS Lithium Production Statistics">{{cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-lithium.pdf|title=USGS Lithium Production Statistics|access-date=June 27, 2021|archive-date=October 9, 2022|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-lithium.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[molybdenum]],<ref name="pubs.usgs.gov"/> the sixth largest producer of [[silver]],<ref name="USGS Silver Production Statistics">{{cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-silver.pdf|title=USGS Silver Production Statistics|access-date=June 27, 2021|archive-date=May 15, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515082301/https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-silver.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> the seventh largest producer of [[salt]],<ref name="USGS Salt Production Statistics">{{cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-salt.pdf|title=USGS Salt Production Statistics|access-date=June 27, 2021|archive-date=October 9, 2022|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-salt.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> the eighth largest producer of [[potash]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-potash.pdf|title=USGS Potash Product ion Statistics|access-date=June 27, 2021|archive-date=October 9, 2022|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-potash.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> the thirteenth-largest producer of [[sulfur]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-sulfur.pdf|title=USGS Sulfur Production Statistics|access-date=June 27, 2021|archive-date=October 9, 2022|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-sulfur.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> and the thirteenth largest producer of [[iron ore]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-iron-ore.pdf|title=USGS Iron Ore Production Statistics|access-date=June 27, 2021|archive-date=October 9, 2022|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-iron-ore.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> in the world.

In 2019, Peru was the second largest world producer of copper<ref name="USGS Copper Production Statistics">{{cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-copper.pdf|title=USGS Copper Production Statistics|access-date=June 27, 2021|archive-date=October 9, 2022|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-copper.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> and silver,<ref name="USGS Silver Production Statistics"/> 8th largest world producer of gold,<ref name="USGS Gold Production Statistics">{{cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-gold.pdf|title=USGS Gold Production Statistics|access-date=June 27, 2021|archive-date=October 9, 2022|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-gold.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> third largest world producer of lead,<ref name="USGS Lead Production Statistics"/> second largest world producer of [[zinc]],<ref name="USGS Zinc Production Statistics">{{cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-zinc.pdf|title=USGS Zinc Production Statistics|access-date=June 27, 2021|archive-date=October 9, 2022|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-zinc.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> fourth largest world producer of [[tin]],<ref name="USGS Tin Production Statistics">{{cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-tin.pdf|title=USGS Tin Production Statistics|access-date=June 27, 2021|archive-date=August 13, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813153917/https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-tin.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> fifth largest world producer of [[boron]],<ref name="USGS Boron Production Statistics">{{cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-boron.pdf|title=USGS Boron Production Statistics|access-date=June 27, 2021|archive-date=July 18, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210718104325/https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-boron.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> and fourth largest world producer of molybdenum.<ref name="pubs.usgs.gov"/>

In 2019, Bolivia was the eighth largest world producer of silver;<ref name="USGS Silver Production Statistics"/> fourth largest world producer of boron;<ref name="USGS Boron Production Statistics"/> fifth largest world producer of [[antimony]];<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-antimony.pdf|title=USGS Antimony Production Statistics|access-date=June 27, 2021|archive-date=October 9, 2022|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-antimony.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> fifth largest world producer of [[tin]];<ref name="USGS Tin Production Statistics"/> sixth largest world producer of [[tungsten]];<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-tungsten.pdf|title=USGS Tungsten Production Statistics|access-date=June 27, 2021|archive-date=July 5, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210705141418/https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-tungsten.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> seventh largest producer of [[zinc]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-zinc.pdf|title=USGS ZincProduction Statistics|access-date=June 27, 2021|archive-date=October 9, 2022|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-zinc.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> and the eighth largest producer of lead.<ref name="USGS Lead Production Statistics"/><ref>{{cite web|first=Keith|last=Campbell|url=http://www.miningweekly.com/article/the-state-of-mining-in-south-america-an-overview-2013-06-21|title=The state of mining in South America – an overview|publisher=Miningweekly.com|date=June 21, 2013|access-date=March 19, 2022|archive-date=December 7, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207073436/https://www.miningweekly.com/article/the-state-of-mining-in-south-america-an-overview-2013-06-21|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.anm.gov.br/dnpm/publicacoes/serie-estatisticas-e-economia-mineral/anuario-mineral/anuario-mineral-brasileiro/amb_2018_ano_base_2017|title=Anuário Mineral Brasileiro 2018|access-date=December 5, 2020|archive-date=July 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709020214/http://www.anm.gov.br/dnpm/publicacoes/serie-estatisticas-e-economia-mineral/anuario-mineral/anuario-mineral-brasileiro/amb_2018_ano_base_2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2019, Mexico was the world's largest producer of silver<ref name="USGS Silver Production Statistics"/> (representing almost 23% of world production, producing more than 200 million ounces in 2019);<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.scsegusp.com/single-post/2020/05/14/Minera%C3%A7%C3%A3o-no-M%C3%A9xico-ser%C3%A1-reiniciada-na-pr%C3%B3xima-semana|title=La minería en México se reiniciará la próxima semana|date=May 14, 2020|access-date=December 5, 2020|archive-date=November 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125132143/https://www.scsegusp.com/single-post/2020/05/14/minera%C3%A7%C3%A3o-no-m%C3%A9xico-ser%C3%A1-reiniciada-na-pr%C3%B3xima-semana|url-status=live}}</ref> ninth largest producer of gold,<ref name="USGS Gold Production Statistics"/> the eighth largest producer of copper,<ref name="USGS Copper Production Statistics"/> the world's fifth largest producer of lead,<ref name="USGS Lead Production Statistics"/> the world's sixth largest producer of zinc,<ref name="USGS Zinc Production Statistics"/> the world's fifth largest producer of molybdenum,<ref name="pubs.usgs.gov"/> the world's third largest producer of [[mercury (chemical element)|mercury]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-mercury.pdf|title=USGS Mercury Production Statistics|access-date=June 27, 2021|archive-date=March 7, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307084311/https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-mercury.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> the world's fifth largest producer of [[bismuth]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-bismuth.pdf|title=USGS Bismuth Production Statistics|access-date=June 27, 2021|archive-date=October 22, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221022151458/https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-bismuth.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> the world's 13th largest producer of [[manganese]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-manganese.pdf|title=USGS Manganese Production Statistics|access-date=June 27, 2021|archive-date=June 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625143322/https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-manganese.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> and the 23rd largest world producer of [[phosphate]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-phosphate.pdf|title=USGS Phosphate Production Statistics|access-date=June 27, 2021|archive-date=May 2, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502135915/https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-phosphate.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> It is also the eighth largest world producer of [[table salt|salt]].<ref name="USGS Salt Production Statistics"/>

In 2019, Argentina was the fourth largest world producer of lithium,<ref name="USGS Lithium Production Statistics"/> the ninth largest world producer of silver,<ref name="USGS Silver Production Statistics"/> the 17th largest world producer of gold<ref name="USGS Gold Production Statistics"/> and the seventh largest world producer of boron.<ref name="USGS Boron Production Statistics"/>

Colombia is the world's largest producer of [[emeralds]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/portuguese/noticias/2012/10/121025_colombia_esmeraldas_ru|title=Colombian emeralds|access-date=June 27, 2021|archive-date=December 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221174300/https://www.bbc.com/portuguese/noticias/2012/10/121025_colombia_esmeraldas_ru|url-status=live}}</ref> In the production of gold, between 2006 and 2017, the country produced 15 tons per year until 2007, when its production increased significantly, breaking a record of 66.1 tons extracted in 2012. In 2017, it extracted 52.2 tons. The country is among the 25 largest gold producers in the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/colombia/gold-production|title=Gold production in Colombia|access-date=June 27, 2021|archive-date=August 16, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816022625/https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/colombia/gold-production|url-status=live}}</ref> In the production of silver, in 2017 the country extracted 15,5 tons.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/colombia/silver-production|title=Silver production in Colombia|access-date=June 27, 2021|archive-date=August 16, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816150027/https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/colombia/silver-production|url-status=live}}</ref>

In the production of [[Petroleum|oil]], Brazil was the tenth largest oil producer in the world in 2019, with 2.8 million barrels a day. Mexico was the twelfth largest, with 2.1 million barrels a day, Colombia in 20th place with 886 thousand barrels a day, Venezuela was the twenty-first place, with 877 thousand barrels a day, Ecuador in 28th with 531 thousand barrels a day and Argentina. 29th with 507 thousand barrels a day. Since Venezuela and Ecuador consume little oil and export most of their production, they are part of [[OPEC]]. Venezuela had a big drop in production after 2015 (when it produced 2.5 million barrels a day), falling in 2016 to 2.2 million, in 2017 to 2 million, in 2018 to 1.4 million and in 2019 to 877 thousand, due to lack of investment.<ref name="eia.gov">{{cite web|url=https://www.eia.gov/international/data/world/petroleum-and-other-liquids/annual-petroleum-and-other-liquids-production?pd=5&p=0000000000000000000000000000000000vg&u=0&f=A&v=mapbubble&a=-&i=none&vo=value&&t=C&g=00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001&l=249-ruvvvvvfvtvnvv1vrvvvvfvvvvvvfvvvou20evvvvvvvvvvnvvvs0008&s=94694400000&e=1546300800000|title=Production of Crude Oil including Lease Condensate 2019|access-date=December 5, 2020|archive-date=March 4, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304103613/https://www.eia.gov/international/data/world/petroleum-and-other-liquids/annual-petroleum-and-other-liquids-production?pd=5&p=0000000000000000000000000000000000vg&u=0&f=A&v=mapbubble&a=-&i=none&vo=value&t=C&g=00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001&l=249-ruvvvvvfvtvnvv1vrvvvvfvvvvvvfvvvou20evvvvvvvvvvnvvvs0008&s=94694400000&e=1546300800000|url-status=live}}</ref>

In the production of [[natural gas]], in 2018, Argentina produced 1,524 bcf (billions of cubic feet), Mexico produced 999, Venezuela 946, Brazil 877, Bolivia 617, Peru 451, Colombia 379.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eia.gov/international/data/world/natural-gas/dry-natural-gas-production?pd=3002&p=00g&u=0&f=A&v=mapbubble&a=-&i=none&vo=value&&t=C&g=00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001&l=249-ruvvvvvfvtvnvv1vrvvvvfvvvvvvfvvvou20evvvvvvvvvvnvvvs0008&s=315532800000&e=1546300800000|title=Natural Gas production|access-date=December 5, 2020|archive-date=October 19, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019114317/https://www.eia.gov/international/data/world/natural-gas/dry-natural-gas-production?pd=3002&p=00g&u=0&f=A&v=mapbubble&a=-&i=none&vo=value&&t=C&g=00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001&l=249-ruvvvvvfvtvnvv1vrvvvvfvvvvvvfvvvou20evvvvvvvvvvnvvvs0008&s=315532800000&e=1546300800000|url-status=live}}</ref>

In the production of [[coal]], the continent had three of the 30 largest world producers in 2018: Colombia (12th), Mexico (24th) and Brazil (27th).<ref name="bp.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.bp.com/en/global/corporate/energy-economics/statistical-review-of-world-energy.html|title=Statistical Review of World Energy 2018|access-date=June 26, 2021|archive-date=October 12, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151012042030/https://www.bp.com/en/global/corporate/energy-economics/statistical-review-of-world-energy.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Manufacturing===
[[File:Planta Braskem.jpg|thumb|[[Braskem]], the largest Brazilian chemical industry]]
[[File:EMS - panoramio.jpg|thumb|[[EMS (pharmaceuticals)|EMS]], the largest Brazilian pharmaceutical industry]]
[[File:Laminasdeacero002.jpeg|thumb|Steel production in [[San Nicolás de los Arroyos|San Nicolás]], Argentina.]]
The [[World Bank]] annually lists the top manufacturing countries by total manufacturing value. According to the 2019 list:
*Mexico had the twelfth most valuable industry in the world (US$217.8 billion)
*Brazil the thirteenth largest (US$173.6 billion)
*Venezuela the thirtieth largest (US$58.2 billion, however, it depends on oil to reach this value)
*Argentina the 31st largest (US$57.7 billion)
*Colombia the 46th largest (US$35.4 billion)
*Peru the 50th largest (US$28.7 billion) 
*Chile the 51st largest (US$28.3 billion).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NV.IND.MANF.CD?most_recent_value_desc=true|title=Manufacturing, value added (current US$)|access-date=December 5, 2020|archive-date=January 7, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200107135049/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NV.IND.MANF.CD?most_recent_value_desc=true|url-status=live}}</ref>

In Latin America, few countries stand out in industrial activity: Brazil, Argentina, Mexico and, less prominently, Chile. Begun late, the industrialization of these countries received a great boost from World War II: this prevented the countries at war from buying the products they were used to importing and exporting what they produced. At that time, benefiting from the abundant local raw material, the low wages paid to the labor force and a certain specialization brought by immigrants, countries such as Brazil, Mexico and Argentina, as well as Venezuela, Chile, Colombia and Peru, were able to implement important industrial parks. In general, in these countries there are industries that require little capital and simple technology for their installation, such as the food processing and textile industries. The basic industries (steel, etc.) also stand out, as well as the metallurgical and mechanical industries.{{Citation needed paragraph|date=April 2022}}

The industrial parks of Brazil, Mexico, Argentina and Chile, however, present much greater diversity and sophistication, producing advanced technology items. In the rest of Latin American countries, mainly in Central America, the processing industries of primary products for export predominate.{{Citation needed paragraph|date=April 2022}}

In the [[food industry]], in 2019, [[Brazil]] was the second largest exporter of processed foods in the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://alimentosprocessados.com.br/industria-na-sociedade-brasileira.php|title=Alimentos Processados {{pipe}} A indústria de alimentos e bebidas na sociedade brasileira atual|website=alimentosprocessados.com.br|access-date=December 5, 2020|archive-date=March 25, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180325142658/https://alimentosprocessados.com.br/industria-na-sociedade-brasileira.php|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://g1.globo.com/economia/noticia/2020/02/18/faturamento-da-industria-de-alimentos-cresceu-67percent-em-2019.ghtml|title=Faturamento da indústria de alimentos cresceu 6,7% em 2019|website=G1|date=February 18, 2020|access-date=December 5, 2020|archive-date=February 19, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200219171658/https://g1.globo.com/economia/noticia/2020/02/18/faturamento-da-industria-de-alimentos-cresceu-67percent-em-2019.ghtml|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/economia/noticia/2020-02/industria-de-alimentos-e-bebidas-faturaram-r-6999-bi-em-2019|title=Indústria de alimentos e bebidas faturou R$699,9 bi em 2019|date=February 18, 2020|website=Agência Brasil|access-date=December 5, 2020|archive-date=February 19, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200219032930/https://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/economia/noticia/2020-02/industria-de-alimentos-e-bebidas-faturaram-r-6999-bi-em-2019|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2016, the country was the second largest producer of [[Pulp (paper)|pulp]] in the world and the eighth largest producer of [[paper]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://valor.globo.com/empresas/noticia/2020/02/21/producao-nacional-de-celulose-cai-66percent-em-2019-aponta-iba.ghtml|title=Produção nacional de celulose cai 6,6% em 2019, aponta Ibá|website=Valor Econômico|date=February 21, 2020|access-date=December 5, 2020|archive-date=February 21, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200221134709/https://valor.globo.com/empresas/noticia/2020/02/21/producao-nacional-de-celulose-cai-66percent-em-2019-aponta-iba.ghtml|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.celuloseonline.com.br/sabe-qual-e-o-estado-brasileiro-que-mais-produz-madeira-nao-e-sao-paulo/|title=Sabe qual é o estado brasileiro que mais produz Madeira?|date=October 9, 2017|access-date=December 5, 2020|archive-date=October 12, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171012095718/https://www.celuloseonline.com.br/sabe-qual-e-o-estado-brasileiro-que-mais-produz-madeira-nao-e-sao-paulo/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://g1.globo.com/espirito-santo/noticia/sao-mateus-e-o-6-maior-produtor-de-madeira-em-tora-para-papel-e-celulose-no-pais-diz-ibge.ghtml|title=São Mateus é o 6º maior produtor de madeira em tora para papel e celulose no país, diz IBGE|website=G1|date=September 28, 2017|access-date=December 5, 2020|archive-date=June 14, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200614215127/https://g1.globo.com/espirito-santo/noticia/sao-mateus-e-o-6-maior-produtor-de-madeira-em-tora-para-papel-e-celulose-no-pais-diz-ibge.ghtml|url-status=live}}</ref> In the [[footwear industry]], in 2019, Brazil ranked fourth among world producers.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://g1.globo.com/sp/ribeirao-preto-franca/noticia/2019/07/14/industrias-calcadistas-em-franca-sp-registram-queda-de-40percent-nas-vagas-de-trabalho-em-6-anos.ghtml|title=Indústrias calçadistas em Franca, SP registram queda de 40% nas vagas de trabalho em 6 anos|website=G1|date=July 14, 2019|access-date=December 5, 2020|archive-date=July 14, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190714205803/https://g1.globo.com/sp/ribeirao-preto-franca/noticia/2019/07/14/industrias-calcadistas-em-franca-sp-registram-queda-de-40percent-nas-vagas-de-trabalho-em-6-anos.ghtml|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fenac.com.br/producao-de-calcados-deve-crescer-3-em-2019|title=Fenac – Centro de Eventos e Negócios {{pipe}} Produção de calçados deve crescer 3% em 2019|first=Agência Maya: Criação de Sites e Marketing|last=Digital|website=fenac.com.br|access-date=December 5, 2020|archive-date=November 1, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191101151709/http://www.fenac.com.br/producao-de-calcados-deve-crescer-3-em-2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.abicalcados.com.br/noticia/abicalcados-apresenta-relatorio-setorial-2019|title=Abicalçados apresenta Relatório Setorial 2019|website=abicalcados.com.br|access-date=December 5, 2020|archive-date=April 22, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200422064032/https://www.abicalcados.com.br/noticia/abicalcados-apresenta-relatorio-setorial-2019|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fazcomex.com.br/blog/exportacao-de-calcados-saiba-mais/|title=Exportação de Calçados: Saiba mais|date=February 27, 2020|access-date=December 5, 2020|archive-date=April 15, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220415014352/https://www.fazcomex.com.br/blog/exportacao-de-calcados-saiba-mais/|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2019, the country was the eighth largest producer of [[vehicles]] and the ninth largest producer of [[steel]] in the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://diariodocomercio.com.br/livre/minas-gerais-produz-323-do-aco-nacional-em-2019/|title=Minas Gerais produz 32,3% do aço nacional em 2019|first=Diário do|last=Comércio|date=January 24, 2020|access-date=December 5, 2020|archive-date=June 14, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200614182655/https://diariodocomercio.com.br/livre/minas-gerais-produz-323-do-aco-nacional-em-2019/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.istoedinheiro.com.br/o-novo-mapa-das-montadoras/|title=O novo mapa das montadoras, que agora rumam para o interior do País|date=March 8, 2019|access-date=December 5, 2020|archive-date=March 8, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190308152711/https://www.istoedinheiro.com.br/o-novo-mapa-das-montadoras/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://g1.globo.com/rj/sul-do-rio-costa-verde/noticia/industria-automobilistica-do-sul-do-rio-impulsiona-superavit-na-economia.ghtml|title=Indústria automobilística do Sul do Rio impulsiona superavit na economia|website=G1|date=July 12, 2017|access-date=December 5, 2020|archive-date=July 19, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170719091817/https://g1.globo.com/rj/sul-do-rio-costa-verde/noticia/industria-automobilistica-do-sul-do-rio-impulsiona-superavit-na-economia.ghtml|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2018, the [[chemical industry]] of Brazil was the eighth largest in the world.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pwc.com.br/pt/publicacoes/setores-atividade/assets/quimico-petroquimico/2013/pwc-chemicals-port-13.pdf|title=Indústria Química no Brasil|access-date=December 5, 2020|archive-date=October 9, 2022|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.pwc.com.br/pt/publicacoes/setores-atividade/assets/quimico-petroquimico/2013/pwc-chemicals-port-13.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/br/Documents/energy-resources/Deloitte-Abiquim-Setor-Quimico-Relatorio.pdf|title=Estudo de 2018|access-date=December 5, 2020|archive-date=October 9, 2022|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/br/Documents/energy-resources/Deloitte-Abiquim-Setor-Quimico-Relatorio.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://economia.uol.com.br/noticias/estadao-conteudo/2020/02/03/producao-nacional-da-industria-de-quimicos-cai-57-em-2019-diz-abiquim.htm|title=Produção nacional da indústria de químicos cai 5,7% em 2019, diz Abiquim|website=economia.uol.com.br|access-date=December 5, 2020|archive-date=June 14, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200614230629/https://economia.uol.com.br/noticias/estadao-conteudo/2020/02/03/producao-nacional-da-industria-de-quimicos-cai-57-em-2019-diz-abiquim.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> In the [[textile industry]], Brazil, although it was among the five largest world producers in 2013, is very little integrated into world trade.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bnb.gov.br/documents/80223/2509338/textil_16_2017%28V2%29.pdf/063d7521-342f-e81e-232a-e251964fa1c3|title=Industria Textil no Brasil|access-date=December 5, 2020|archive-date=June 19, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200619042050/https://www.bnb.gov.br/documents/80223/2509338/textil_16_2017%28V2%29.pdf/063d7521-342f-e81e-232a-e251964fa1c3|url-status=dead}}</ref> In the aviation sector, Brazil has [[Embraer]], the third largest aircraft manufacturer in the world, behind [[Boeing]] and [[Airbus]].

===Infrastructure===
[[File:New Panama Canal.jpg|thumb|[[Panama Canal expansion project]]; New ''Agua Clara'' locks (Atlantic side)]]
[[File:General Rafael Urdaneta Bridge view from the lake to Cabimas side.jpg|200px|thumb|right|[[General Rafael Urdaneta Bridge]]]]

Transport in Latin America is basically carried out using the [[road]] mode, the most developed in the region. There is also a considerable infrastructure of [[ports]] and [[airports]]. The [[railway]] and [[fluvial]] sector, although it has potential, is usually treated in a secondary way.

Brazil has more than 1.7 million km of [[roads]], of which 215,000 km are paved, and about 14,000 km are [[dual carriageway|divided highways]]. The two most important highways in the country are [[BR-101]] and [[BR-116]].<ref name="Anuário CNT do transporte 2018">{{cite web|url=https://anuariodotransporte.cnt.org.br/2018/|title=Anuário CNT do transporte 2018|access-date=December 5, 2020|archive-date=November 11, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191111012349/http://anuariodotransporte.cnt.org.br/2018/|url-status=live}}</ref> Argentina has more than 600,000 km of roads, of which about 70,000 km are paved, and about 2,500 km are divided highways. The three most important highways in the country are [[National Route 9 (Argentina)|Route 9]], [[National Route 7 (Argentina)|Route 7]] and [[National Route 14 (Argentina)|Route 14]].<ref name="Anuário CNT do transporte 2018"/> Colombia has about 210,000 km of roads, and about 2,300 km are divided highways.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mintransporte.gov.co/descargar.php?idFile=14090|title=Transporte en Cifras Estadísticas 2015|access-date=December 5, 2020|archive-date=January 27, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127090803/https://www.mintransporte.gov.co/descargar.php?idFile=14090|url-status=live}}</ref> Chile has about 82,000 km of roads, 20,000 km of which are paved, and about 2,000 km are divided highways. The most important highway in the country is the [[Chile Route 5|Route 5]] ([[Pan-American Highway]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mapas.mop.cl/cc2017/Cuadernillo/Cuadernillo_2017.pdf|title=Carta Caminera 2017|access-date=December 5, 2020|archive-date=April 14, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414172426/http://www.mapas.mop.cl/cc2017/Cuadernillo/Cuadernillo_2017.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> These 4 countries are the ones with the best road infrastructure and with the largest number of double-lane highways, in South America.

The roadway network in Mexico has an extent of {{convert|366095|km|mi|abbr=on}},<ref name=cis>[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mexico/ CIA – The World Factbook] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126164719/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mexico |date=January 26, 2021 }}. CIA World Factbook. Retrieved on December 20, 2010</ref> of which {{convert|116802|km|mi|abbr=on}} are paved,<ref name=sctroad>[http://dgaf.sct.gob.mx/fileadmin/EST_BASICA/EST_BASICA_2005/EST2005_12INFRA.pdf Infraestructura Carretera] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070716114353/http://dgaf.sct.gob.mx/fileadmin/EST_BASICA/EST_BASICA_2005/EST2005_12INFRA.pdf |date=July 16, 2007 }}. Secretaría de Comunicaciones y Transportes. México. Retrieved January 13, 2007</ref><ref>With data from [[The World Factbook]]</ref> Of these, {{convert|10474|km|mi|abbr=on}} are multi-lane [[Controlled-access highway|expressways]]: {{convert|9544|km|mi|abbr=on}} are four-lane highways and the rest have 6 or more lanes.<ref name=sctroad/>

Due to the [[Andes Mountains]], [[Amazon River]] and [[Amazon Forest]], there have always been difficulties in implementing transcontinental or bioceanic highways. Practically the only route that existed was the one that connected Brazil to Buenos Aires, in Argentina and later to Santiago, in Chile. However, in recent years, with the combined effort of countries, new routes have started to emerge, such as Brazil-Peru ([[Interoceanic Highway]]), and a new highway between Brazil, Paraguay, northern Argentina and northern Chile ([[Central Bi-Oceanic railway|Bioceanic Corridor]]).[[File:A Saúde dos Portos (7110638275).jpg|thumb|right|Port of Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil]]

There are more than 2,000 airports in Brazil. The country has the second largest number of airports in the world, behind only the United States. [[São Paulo/Guarulhos International Airport|São Paulo International Airport]], located in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo, is the largest and busiest in the country – the airport connects São Paulo to practically all major cities around the world. Brazil has 44 international airports, such as those in [[Rio de Janeiro/Galeão International Airport|Rio de Janeiro]], [[Brasília International Airport|Brasília]], [[Belo Horizonte International Airport|Belo Horizonte]], [[Salgado Filho International Airport|Porto Alegre]], [[Hercílio Luz International Airport|Florianópolis]], [[Marechal Rondon International Airport|Cuiabá]], [[Salvador International Airport|Salvador]], [[Recife/Guararapes–Gilberto Freyre International Airport|Recife]], [[Fortaleza Airport|Fortaleza]], [[Belém/Val-de-Cans International Airport|Belém]] and [[Eduardo Gomes International Airport|Manaus]], among others. Argentina has important international airports such as [[Ministro Pistarini International Airport|Buenos Aires]], [[Ingeniero Aeronáutico Ambrosio L.V. Taravella International Airport|Cordoba]], [[San Carlos de Bariloche Airport|Bariloche]], [[Governor Francisco Gabrielli International Airport|Mendoza]], [[Martín Miguel de Güemes International Airport|Salta]], [[Cataratas del Iguazú International Airport|Puerto Iguazú]], [[Presidente Perón International Airport|Neuquén]] and [[Ushuaia – Malvinas Argentinas International Airport|Ushuaia]], among others. Chile has important international airports such as [[Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport|Santiago]], [[Andrés Sabella Gálvez International Airport|Antofagasta]], [[El Tepual Airport|Puerto Montt]], [[Presidente Carlos Ibáñez del Campo International Airport|Punta Arenas]] and [[Diego Aracena International Airport|Iquique]], among others. Colombia has important international airports such as [[El Dorado International Airport|Bogotá]], [[José María Córdova International Airport|Medellín]], [[Rafael Núñez International Airport|Cartagena]], [[Alfonso Bonilla Aragón International Airport|Cali]] and [[Ernesto Cortissoz International Airport|Barranquilla]], among others. Peru has important international airports such as [[Jorge Chávez International Airport|Lima]], [[Alejandro Velasco Astete International Airport|Cuzco]] and [[Rodríguez Ballón International Airport|Arequipa]]. Other important airports are those in the capitals of Uruguay ([[Carrasco International Airport|Montevideo]]), Paraguay ([[Silvio Pettirossi International Airport|Asunción]]), Bolivia ([[El Alto International Airport|La Paz]]) and Ecuador ([[Mariscal Sucre International Airport|Quito]]). The 10 busiest airports in South America in 2017 were: São Paulo-Guarulhos (Brazil), Bogotá (Colombia), São Paulo-Congonhas (Brazil), Santiago (Chile), Lima (Peru), Brasília (Brazil), Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), Buenos Aires-Aeroparque (Argentina), Buenos Aires-Ezeiza (Argentina), and Minas Gerais (Brazil).<ref name="panrotas.com.br">{{cite web|url=https://www.panrotas.com.br/aviacao/aeroportos/2018/10/brasil-tem-9-dos-maiores-aeroportos-da-america-latina_159919.html|title=Brasil tem 9 dos maiores aeroportos da América Latina|date=October 29, 2018|access-date=December 5, 2020|archive-date=January 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111125631/https://www.panrotas.com.br/aviacao/aeroportos/2018/10/brasil-tem-9-dos-maiores-aeroportos-da-america-latina_159919.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

There are 1,834 airports in Mexico, the third-largest number of airports by country in the world.<ref>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2053rank.html Ranking on the number of airports per country] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119190550/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2053rank.html |date=January 19, 2018 }}. CIA Factbook</ref> The seven largest airports—which absorb 90% of air travel—are (in order of air traffic): [[Mexico City International Airport|Mexico City]], [[Cancún International Airport|Cancún]], [[Guadalajara International Airport|Guadalajara]], [[Monterrey International Airport|Monterrey]], [[Tijuana International Airport|Tijuana]], [[Acapulco International Airport|Acapulco]], and [[Licenciado Gustavo Díaz Ordaz International Airport|Puerto Vallarta]].<ref name=mcx>[http://www.mcx.es/turismo/infopais/mexico/Mexico.htm#D.-%20Infr Infrastructuras] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090202171017/http://www.mcx.es/turismo/infopais/mexico/Mexico.htm#D.-%20Infr |date=February 2, 2009 }}. Información de México. Ministerio de Industria, Turismo y Comercio de España.</ref> Considering all of Latin America, the 10 busiest airports in 2017 were: Mexico City (Mexico), São Paulo-Guarulhos (Brazil), Bogotá (Colombia), Cancún (Mexico), São Paulo-Congonhas (Brazil), Santiago (Chile), Lima (Peru), Brasilia (Brazil), Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) and Tocumen (Panama).<ref name="panrotas.com.br"/>

About [[ports]], Brazil has some of the busiest ports in South America, such as [[Port of Santos]], [[Port of Rio de Janeiro]], [[Port of Paranaguá]], [[Port of Itajaí]], [[Port of Rio Grande]], [[Port of São Francisco do Sul]] and [[Suape Port]]. Argentina has ports such as [[Port of Buenos Aires]] and [[Port of Rosario]]. Chile has important ports in [[Valparaíso]], [[Caldera, Chile|Caldera]], [[Mejillones]], [[Antofagasta]], [[Iquique]], [[Arica]] and [[Puerto Montt]]. Colombia has important ports such as [[Buenaventura, Valle del Cauca|Buenaventura]], [[Cartagena Container Terminal]] and [[Puerto Bolivar, Colombia|Puerto Bolivar]]. Peru has important ports in [[Callao]], [[Ilo, Peru|Ilo]] and [[Matarani]]. The 15 busiest ports in South America are: Port of Santos (Brazil), Port of Bahia de Cartagena (Colombia), Callao (Peru), Guayaquil (Ecuador), Buenos Aires (Argentina), San Antonio (Chile), Buenaventura (Colombia), Itajaí (Brazil), Valparaíso (Chile), Montevideo (Uruguay), Paranaguá (Brazil), Rio Grande (Brazil), São Francisco do Sul (Brazil), Manaus (Brazil) and Coronel (Chile).<ref name="cepal.org">{{cite web|url=https://www.cepal.org/sites/default/files/news/files/actividad_portuaria_2018.pdf|title=Port Activity of Latin America and the Caribbean 2018|access-date=December 5, 2020|archive-date=January 14, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114132759/https://www.cepal.org/sites/default/files/news/files/actividad_portuaria_2018.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

The four major seaports concentrating around 60% of the merchandise traffic in [[Mexico]] are [[Altamira, Tamaulipas|Altamira]] and [[Veracruz, Veracruz|Veracruz]] in the [[Gulf of Mexico]], and [[Manzanillo, Colima|Manzanillo]] and [[Lázaro Cárdenas, Michoacán|Lázaro Cárdenas]] in the [[Pacific Ocean]]. Considering all of Latin America, the 10 largest ports in terms of movement are: Colon (Panama), Santos (Brazil), Manzanillo (Mexico), Bahia de Cartagena (Colombia), Pacifico (Panama), Callao (Peru), Guayaquil (Ecuador), Buenos Aires (Argentina), San Antonio (Chile) and Buenaventura (Colombia).<ref name="cepal.org"/>

The [[Rail transport in Brazil|Brazilian railway network]] has an extension of about 30,000 kilometers. It is basically used for transporting ores.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/brazil/|title=The World Factbook — Central Intelligence|date=July 12, 2022|access-date=January 24, 2021|archive-date=August 12, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812124129/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/brazil/|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Rail transport in Argentina|Argentine rail network]], with 47,000 km of tracks, was one of the largest in the world and continues to be the most extensive in Latin America. It came to have about 100,000 km of rails, but the lifting of tracks and the emphasis placed on motor transport gradually reduced it. It has four different trails and international connections with Paraguay, Bolivia, Chile, Brazil and Uruguay. [[Rail transport in Chile|Chile]] has almost 7,000 km of railways, with connections to Argentina, Bolivia and Peru. [[Rail transport in Colombia|Colombia]] has only about 3,500 km of railways.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mintransporte.gov.co/Servicios/Estadisticas/DIAGNOSTICO_TRANSPORTE_2008.pdf|title=Diagnostico Transporte|access-date=December 5, 2020|archive-date=March 7, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307192918/https://www.mintransporte.gov.co/Servicios/Estadisticas/DIAGNOSTICO_TRANSPORTE_2008.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

Among the main Brazilian [[waterways]], two stand out: [[Hidrovia Tietê-Paraná]] (which has a length of 2,400 km, 1,600 on the Paraná River and 800 km on the Tietê River, draining agricultural production from the states of Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Goiás and part of Rondônia, Tocantins and Minas General) and [[Hidrovia do Solimões-Amazonas]] (it has two sections: Solimões, which extends from Tabatinga to Manaus, with approximately 1600 km, and Amazonas, which extends from Manaus to Belém, with 1650 km. Almost entirely passenger transport from the Amazon plain is done by this waterway, in addition to practically all cargo transportation that is directed to the major regional centers of Belém and Manaus). In Brazil, this transport is still underutilized: the most important waterway stretches, from an economic point of view, are found in the Southeast and South of the country. Its full use still depends on the construction of locks, major dredging works and, mainly, of ports that allow intermodal integration. In [[Argentina]], the waterway network is made up of the La Plata, Paraná, Paraguay and Uruguay rivers. The main river ports are [[Zárate, Buenos Aires|Zárate]] and [[Campana Partido|Campana]]. The port of Buenos Aires is historically the first in individual importance, but the area known as Up-River, which stretches along 67 km of the Santa Fé portion of the Paraná River, brings together 17 ports that concentrate 50% of the total exports of the country.

=== Energy ===
As of 2023, Latin America and the Caribbean generates 60% of its electricity from [[renewable energy]] - double the global average of 30%. Despite this, fossil fuels still play a substantial role, especially in transportation and industry, with oil and gas constituting a notable portion. Approximately two-thirds of the region's [[energy mix]] comes from fossil fuels,<ref>{{Cite web |last=IEA |date=June 2024 |year=2024 |title=World Energy Investment 2024: Latin America and the Caribbean |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/world-energy-investment-2024/latin-america-and-the-caribbean |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=IEA |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=IEA |date=November 2023 |year=2023 |title=Latin America Energy Outlook 2023 |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/latin-america-energy-outlook-2023/executive-summary |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=IEA |language=en-GB}}</ref> Of the region's total energy production, 43% is [[Hydroelectricity|hydroelectric]], 8% [[Wind power|wind]] and 6% is [[Solar power|solar]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ember |title=Electricity Data Explorer |url=https://ember-energy.org/data/electricity-data-explorer/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241118234806/https://ember-energy.org/data/electricity-data-explorer/ |archive-date=18 November 2024 |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=Ember |language=en-US}}</ref>

====Brazil====
{{Main|Energy policy of Brazil|Renewable energy in Brazil}}
[[File:ItaipuAerea2AAL.jpg|thumb|right|[[Itaipu Dam]] in [[Paraná (state)|Paraná]]]]
[[File:Energia Eolica.jpg|thumb|right|[[Wind power]] in [[Parnaíba]]]]
[[File:Angra dos Reis - usinas nucleares.jpg|thumb|[[Angra Nuclear Power Plant]] in [[Angra dos Reis]], [[Rio de Janeiro (state)|Rio de Janeiro]]]]
[[File:Usina solar de Pirapora 2.gif|thumb|[[Pirapora Solar Complex]], the largest in Brazil and Latin America with a capacity of 321 MW]]
The Brazilian government has undertaken an ambitious program to reduce dependence on imported petroleum. Imports previously accounted for more than 70% of the country's oil needs but Brazil became self-sufficient in oil in 2006–2007. Brazil was the 10th largest oil producer in the world in 2019, with 2.8 million barrels / day. Production manages to supply the country's demand.<ref name="eia.gov"/> In the beginning of 2020, in the production of [[Petroleum|oil]] and [[natural gas]], the country exceeded 4 million [[barrels of oil equivalent]] per day, for the first time. In January this year, 3.168 million barrels of oil per day and 138.753 million cubic meters of natural gas were extracted.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.anp.gov.br/noticias/5628-producao-de-petroleo-e-gas-no-brasil-ultrapassa-4-milhoes-de-boe-d-pela-primeira-vez|title=Produção de petróleo e gás no Brasil ultrapassa 4 milhões de boe/d pela primeira vez|website=anp.gov.br|access-date=December 5, 2020|archive-date=February 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200220091405/http://www.anp.gov.br/noticias/5628-producao-de-petroleo-e-gas-no-brasil-ultrapassa-4-milhoes-de-boe-d-pela-primeira-vez|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Brazil is one of the main world producers of [[hydroelectricity|hydroelectric power]]. In 2019, Brazil had 217 hydroelectric plants in operation, with an installed capacity of 98,581 MW, 60.16% of the country's energy generation.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cbie.com.br/artigos/quantas-usinas-geradoras-de-energia-temos-no-brasil/|title=How many power plants do we have in Brazil?|date=April 5, 2019|access-date=December 5, 2020|archive-date=October 31, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031005818/https://cbie.com.br/artigos/quantas-usinas-geradoras-de-energia-temos-no-brasil/|url-status=live}}</ref> In the total generation of electricity, in 2019 Brazil reached 170,000 megawatts of installed capacity, more than 75% from renewable sources (the majority, hydroelectric).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aneel.gov.br/sala-de-imprensa-exibicao/-/asset_publisher/XGPXSqdMFHrE/content/brasil-alcanca-170-mil-megawatts-de-capacidade-instalada-em-2019/656877?inheritRedirect=false|title=Brasil alcança 170 mil megawatts de capacidade instalada em 2019|access-date=December 5, 2020|archive-date=April 13, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413193140/https://www.aneel.gov.br/sala-de-imprensa-exibicao/-/asset_publisher/XGPXSqdMFHrE/content/brasil-alcanca-170-mil-megawatts-de-capacidade-instalada-em-2019/656877?inheritRedirect=false|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.energiaeambiente.org.br/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/IEMA-AGUA_vFinal.pdf|title=IEMA (Instituto de Energia e Meio Ambiente),2016.Série TERMOELETRICIDADE EM FOCO: Uso de água em termoelétricas|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180401075849/http://www.energiaeambiente.org.br/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/IEMA-AGUA_vFinal.pdf|archive-date=April 1, 2018}}</ref>

In 2013, the [[Southeast Region, Brazil|Southeast Region]] used about 50% of the load of the National Integrated System (SIN), being the main energy consuming region in the country. The region's installed electricity generation capacity totaled almost 42,500 MW, which represented about a third of Brazil's generation capacity. The [[hydroelectric]] generation represented 58% of the region's installed capacity, with the remaining 42% corresponding basically to the [[thermoelectric]] generation. São Paulo accounted for 40% of this capacity; Minas Gerais by about 25%; Rio de Janeiro by 13.3%; and Espírito Santo accounted for the rest. The [[South Region, Brazil|South Region]] owns the [[Itaipu Dam]], which was the largest hydroelectric plant in the world for several years, until the inauguration of [[Three Gorges Dam]] in China. It remains the second largest operating [[hydroelectric]] in the world. Brazil is the co-owner of the Itaipu Plant with [[Paraguay]]: the dam is located on the [[Paraná River]], located on the border between countries. It has an installed generation capacity of 14 [[Watt|GW]] for 20 generating units of 700 [[Watt|MW]] each. [[North Region, Brazil|North Region]] has large hydroelectric plants, such as [[Belo Monte Dam]] and [[Tucuruí Dam]], which produce much of the national energy. Brazil's hydroelectric potential has not yet been fully exploited, so the country still has the capacity to build several renewable energy plants in its territory.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://web.bndes.gov.br/bib/jspui/bitstream/1408/4401/1/O%20BNDES%20e%20a%20quest%C3%A3o%20energ%C3%A9tica%20e%20logistica%20na%20Regi%C3%A3o%20Sudeste_5_P.pdf|title=O BNDES e a questão energética e logística da Região Sudeste|access-date=December 5, 2020|archive-date=July 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709090411/https://web.bndes.gov.br/bib/jspui/bitstream/1408/4401/1/O%20BNDES%20e%20a%20quest%c3%a3o%20energ%c3%a9tica%20e%20logistica%20na%20Regi%c3%a3o%20Sudeste_5_P.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/hybiggest.html|title=Power: World's biggest hydroelectric facility|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060519000659/http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/hybiggest.html|archive-date=May 19, 2006}}</ref>

{{As of|2022|7|url=http://www.ons.org.br/paginas/conhecimento/acervo-digital/documentos-e-publicacoes|post=,}} according to ONS, total installed capacity of [[wind power]] was 22 GW, with average [[capacity factor]] of 58%.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ons.org.br/AcervoDigitalDocumentosEPublicacoes/Boletim%20Mensal%20de%20Gera%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20E%C3%B3lica%202021-02.pdf|title=Boletim Mensal de Geração Eólica Fevereiro/2021|language=pt|date=February 20, 2021|publisher=Operador Nacional do Sistema Elétrico – ONS|pages=6, 14|access-date=April 7, 2021|archive-date=April 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410221330/http://www.ons.org.br/AcervoDigitalDocumentosEPublicacoes/Boletim%20Mensal%20de%20Gera%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20E%C3%B3lica%202021-02.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://megawhat.energy/news/147158/eolica-supera-22-gw-em-operacao-no-brasil|title=Eólica supera 22 GW em operação no Brasil|date=July 21, 2022|publisher=Megawhar|access-date=August 2, 2022|language=pt-br|archive-date=March 15, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315014248/https://megawhat.energy/news/147158/eolica-supera-22-gw-em-operacao-no-brasil|url-status=live}}</ref> While the world average wind production capacity factors is 24.7%, there are areas in Northern Brazil, specially in Bahia State, where some wind farms record with average capacity factors over 60%;<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.brasil.gov.br/noticias/infraestrutura/2014/12/brasil-e-o-pais-com-melhor-fator-de-aproveitamento-da-energia-eolica|title=Brasil é o país com melhor fator de aproveitamento da energia eólica|work=Governo do Brasil|access-date=October 7, 2018|language=pt-BR|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181007223102/http://www.brasil.gov.br/noticias/infraestrutura/2014/12/brasil-e-o-pais-com-melhor-fator-de-aproveitamento-da-energia-eolica|archive-date=October 7, 2018}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> the average capacity factor in the [[Northeast Region, Brazil|Northeast Region]] is 45% in the coast and 49% in the interior.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.epe.gov.br/sites-pt/publicacoes-dados-abertos/publicacoes/PublicacoesArquivos/publicacao-233/topico-520/Boletim_2020_Q1.pdf|title=Boletim Trimestral de Energia Eólica – Junho de 2020|language=pt-BR|publisher=[[Empresa de Pesquisa Energética]]|date=June 23, 2020|page=4|access-date=October 24, 2020|archive-date=August 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811053611/https://www.epe.gov.br/sites-pt/publicacoes-dados-abertos/publicacoes/PublicacoesArquivos/publicacao-233/topico-520/Boletim_2020_Q1.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2019, wind energy represented 9% of the energy generated in the country.<ref name="cbie.com.br">{{cite web|url=https://cbie.com.br/artigos/quantas-usinas-geradoras-de-energia-temos-no-brasil/|title=Quantas usinas geradoras de energia temos no Brasil?|date=April 5, 2019|access-date=December 5, 2020|archive-date=October 31, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031005818/https://cbie.com.br/artigos/quantas-usinas-geradoras-de-energia-temos-no-brasil/|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2019, it was estimated that the country had an estimated wind power generation potential of around 522 GW (this, only onshore), enough energy to meet three times the country's current demand.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://revistapesquisa.fapesp.br/ventos-promissores-a-caminho/|title=Ventos promissores a caminho|access-date=December 5, 2020|archive-date=November 29, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129102108/https://revistapesquisa.fapesp.br/ventos-promissores-a-caminho/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www2.ctee.com.br/brazilwindpower/2016/zpublisher/materia/?url=potencial-eolico-onshore-brasileiro-pode-ser-de-880-gw-indica-estudo-20161026|title=Brazilian onshore wind potential could be 880 GW, study indicates|access-date=December 5, 2020|archive-date=August 14, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200814221022/http://www2.ctee.com.br/brazilwindpower/2016/zpublisher/materia/?url=potencial-eolico-onshore-brasileiro-pode-ser-de-880-gw-indica-estudo-20161026|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2021 Brazil was the 7th country in the world in terms of installed wind power (21 GW),<ref name="RENEWABLE CAPACITY STATISTICS 2021"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2022/Apr/IRENA_RE_Capacity_Statistics_2022.pdf|title=Global wind statistics|date=April 22, 2022|website=IRENA|language=en-US|access-date=April 22, 2022|archive-date=October 9, 2022|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2022/Apr/IRENA_RE_Capacity_Statistics_2022.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> and the 4th largest producer of wind energy in the world (72 TWh), behind only China, USA and Germany.<ref name="auto">{{Cite journal|url=https://ourworldindata.org/renewable-energy|title=Energy|first1=Hannah|last1=Ritchie|author1-link=Hannah Ritchie|first2=Max|last2=Roser|author2-link=Max Roser|first3=Pablo|last3=Rosado|date=October 27, 2022|journal=Our World in Data|via=ourworldindata.org|access-date=October 27, 2022|archive-date=August 4, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804120952/https://ourworldindata.org/renewable-energy|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="RENEWABLE CAPACITY STATISTICS 2021">{{cite web|url=https://www.irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2021/Apr/IRENA_RE_Capacity_Statistics_2021.pdf|title=Renewable capacity statistics 2021|access-date=April 23, 2021|archive-date=August 27, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827043106/https://www.irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2021/Apr/IRENA_RE_Capacity_Statistics_2021.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

Nuclear energy accounts for about 4% of Brazil's electricity.<ref name=uic>{{cite web|publisher=Uranium Information Centre|url=http://www.uic.com.au/nip95.htm|title=Nuclear Power in Brazil. Briefing Paper # 95|date=May 2007|access-date=May 19, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070208105204/http://www.uic.com.au/nip95.htm|archive-date=February 8, 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> The nuclear power generation monopoly is owned by [[Eletronuclear|Eletronuclear (Eletrobrás Eletronuclear S/A)]], a wholly owned subsidiary of [[Eletrobrás]]. Nuclear energy is produced by [[List of nuclear reactors#Brazil|two reactors]] at [[Angra Nuclear Power Plant|Angra]]. It is located at the Central Nuclear Almirante Álvaro Alberto (CNAAA) on the Praia de Itaorna in [[Angra dos Reis]], [[Rio de Janeiro (state)|Rio de Janeiro]]. It consists of two [[pressurized water reactor]]s, Angra I, with capacity of 657 MW, connected to the power grid in 1982, and Angra II, with capacity of 1,350 MW, connected in 2000. A third reactor, Angra III, with a projected output of 1,350 MW, is planned to be finished.<ref name=merco>{{cite web|publisher=Mecropress|url=http://www.mercopress.com/Detalle.asp?NUM=9036|title=Brazil plans to build seven nuclear reactors|date=October 23, 2006|access-date=May 19, 2007|archive-date=February 19, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070219171559/http://www.mercopress.com/Detalle.asp?NUM=9036|url-status=dead}}</ref>

{{As of|2022|10|url=http://www.ons.org.br/paginas/conhecimento/acervo-digital/documentos-e-publicacoes|post=,}} according to ONS, total installed capacity of [[photovoltaic solar]] was 21 GW, with average [[capacity factor]] of 23%.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://canalenergia.com.br/noticias/53228183/solar-atinge-21-gw-e-r-1086-bi-em-investimentos-no-brasil|title=Solar atinge 21 GW e R$ 108,6 bi em investimentos no Brasil|website=canalenergia.com.br|access-date=October 27, 2022|archive-date=April 1, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401111703/https://www.canalenergia.com.br/noticias/53228183/solar-atinge-21-gw-e-r-1086-bi-em-investimentos-no-brasil|url-status=live}}</ref> Some of the most [[Solar irradiance|irradiated]] Brazilian States are MG ("Minas Gerais"), BA ("Bahia") and GO ("Goiás"), which have indeed world [[Solar irradiance|irradiation]] level records.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://sharenergy.com.br/quais-melhores-regioes-brasil-para-geracao-de-energia-fotovoltaica/|title=Quais as melhores regiões do Brasil para geração de energia fotovoltaica? – Sharenergy|date=February 3, 2017|work=Sharenergy|access-date=October 7, 2018|language=pt-BR|archive-date=October 7, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181007223213/http://sharenergy.com.br/quais-melhores-regioes-brasil-para-geracao-de-energia-fotovoltaica/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ons.org.br/AcervoDigitalDocumentosEPublicacoes/Boletim%20Mensal%20de%20Gera%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20Solar%202020-09.pdf|title=Boletim Mensal de Geração Solar Fotovoltaica Setembro/2020|language=pt|date=October 13, 2020|publisher=Operador Nacional do Sistema Elétrico – ONS|pages=6, 13|access-date=October 21, 2020|archive-date=November 2, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201102012240/http://www.ons.org.br/AcervoDigitalDocumentosEPublicacoes/Boletim%20Mensal%20de%20Gera%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20Solar%202020-09.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2019, solar power represented 1.27% of the energy generated in the country.<ref name="cbie.com.br"/> In 2021, Brazil was the 14th country in the world in terms of installed solar power (13 GW),<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2022/Apr/IRENA_RE_Capacity_Statistics_2022.pdf|title=RENEWABLE CAPACITY STATISTICS 2022|access-date=October 27, 2022|archive-date=October 9, 2022|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2022/Apr/IRENA_RE_Capacity_Statistics_2022.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> and the 11th largest producer of solar energy in the world (16.8 TWh).<ref name="auto"/>

In 2020, Brazil was the 2nd largest country in the world in the production of energy through [[biomass]] (energy production from solid biofuels and renewable waste), with 15,2 GW installed.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2021/Apr/IRENA_RE_Capacity_Statistics_2021.pdf|title=RENEWABLE CAPACITY STATISTICS 2021 page 41|access-date=May 24, 2021|archive-date=August 27, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827043106/https://www.irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2021/Apr/IRENA_RE_Capacity_Statistics_2021.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

====Other countries====
After Brazil, [[Mexico]] is the country in Latin America that most stands out in energy production. In 2020, the country was the 14th largest petroleum producer in the world, and in 2018 it was the 12th largest exporter. In natural gas, the country was, in 2015, the 21st largest producer in the world, and in 2007 it was the 29th largest exporter. Mexico was also the world's 24th largest producer of coal in 2018. In renewable energies, in 2020, the country ranked 14th in the world in terms of installed wind energy (8.1 GW), 20th in the world in terms of installed solar energy (5.6 GW) and 19th in the world in terms of installed hydroelectric power (12.6 GW). In third place, [[Colombia]] stands out: In 2020, the country was the 20th largest petroleum producer in the world, and in 2015 it was the 19th largest exporter. In natural gas, the country was, in 2015, the 40th largest producer in the world. Colombia's biggest highlight is in coal, where the country was, in 2018, the world's 12th largest producer and the 5th largest exporter. In renewable energies, in 2020, the country ranked 45th in the world in terms of installed wind energy (0.5 GW), 76th in the world in terms of installed solar energy (0.1 GW) and 20th in the world in terms of installed hydroelectric power (12.6 GW).

[[Venezuela]], which was one of the world's largest oil producers (about 2.5 million barrels/day in 2015) and one of the largest exporters, due to its political problems, has had its production drastically reduced in recent years: in 2016, it dropped to 2.2 million, in 2017 to 2 million, in 2018 to 1.4 million and in 2019 to 877 thousand, reaching only 300,000 barrels/day at a given point. The country also stands out in hydroelectricity, where it was the 14th country in the world in terms of installed capacity in 2020 (16,5 GW).
[[File:Torre YPF.JPG|thumb|[[YPF]] [[Repsol-YPF Tower|headquarters]] in Buenos Aires, Argentina.]]
[[Argentina]] was, in 2017, the 18th largest producer in the world, and the largest producer in Latin America, of natural gas, in addition to being the 28th largest oil producer; although the country has the Vaca Muerta field, which holds close to 16 billion barrels of technically recoverable shale oil, and is the second largest shale natural gas deposit in the world, the country lacks the capacity to exploit the deposit: it is necessary capital, technology and knowledge that can only come from offshore energy companies, who view Argentina and its erratic economic policies with considerable suspicion, not wanting to invest in the country. In renewable energies, in 2020, the country ranked 27th in the world in terms of installed wind energy (2.6 GW), 42nd in the world in terms of installed solar energy (0.7 GW) and 21st in the world in terms of installed hydroelectric power (11.3 GW). The country has great future potential for the production of wind energy in the Patagonia region. [[Chile]], although currently not a major energy producer, has great future potential for solar energy production in the Atacama Desert region.

[[Paraguay]] stands out today in hydroelectric production thanks to the Itaipu Power Plant. [[Trinidad and Tobago]] and [[Bolivia]] stand out in the production of natural gas, where they were, respectively, the 20th and 31st largest in the world in 2015. [[Ecuador]], because it consumes little energy, is part of OPEC and was the 27th largest oil producer in the world in 2020, being the 22nd largest exporter in 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eia.gov/international/data/world/petroleum-and-other-liquids/annual-petroleum-and-other-liquids-production|title=Annual production of oil and other liquids|access-date=December 5, 2020|archive-date=June 27, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627013533/https://www.eia.gov/international/data/world/petroleum-and-other-liquids/annual-petroleum-and-other-liquids-production|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>[http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/KeyWorld2014.pdf IEA. Key World Energy Statistics 2014. Natural Gas.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021020232/http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/KeyWorld2014.pdf |date=October 21, 2014 }} Access date – January 17, 2021</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2249rank.|title=html CIA. The World Factbook. Natural gas – production.}}{{dead link|date=July 2022|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref><ref name="bp.com"/><ref name="RENEWABLE CAPACITY STATISTICS 2021"/>