Editing Lancashire (section)

==Culture==

=== Symbols ===
{{See also|Flag of Lancashire}}[[File:Lancashire County Flag.svg|thumb|The flag designed to represent Lancashire]]
The [[Red Rose of Lancaster]] is the [[county flower]] found on the county's heraldic badge and flag. The rose was a symbol of the [[House of Lancaster]], immortalised in the verse "In the battle for England's head/[[House of York|York]] was white, Lancaster red" (referring to the 15th-century [[Wars of the Roses]]). 

A flag consisting of a red rose on a gold field was designed by the [[Friends of Real Lancashire]], a pressure group which promotes the historic county, and registered with the [[Flag Institute]], a vexillological charity, in 2008.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lancashire Flag |url=http://www.forl.co.uk/online-resources/lancashire-flag |access-date=2024-03-19 |website=[[Friends of Real Lancashire]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Lancashire |url=https://www.flaginstitute.org/wp/flags/lancashire-flag/ |access-date=2024-03-19 |website=[[Flag Institute]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> The flag has been flown from public buildings within the historic county boundaries on [[Lancashire Day]] (27 November), including from [[County Hall, Preston|County Hall]] in [[Preston, Lancashire|Preston]],<ref>{{Cite news |last=Moffatt |first=Andy |date=27 November 2022 |title=Lancashire Day: council council's chairman hails "friendliness and community spirit" of the Red Rose county |url=https://www.lep.co.uk/news/people/lancashire-day-council-councils-chairman-hails-friendliness-and-community-spirit-of-the-red-rose-county-3932280 |work=Lancashire Post}}</ref> [[St Helens Town Hall]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-11-27 |title=Red Rose flag flies as St Helens celebrates Lancashire Day |url=https://www.sthelensstar.co.uk/news/14108004.red-rose-flag-flies-as-st-helens-celebrates-lancashire-day/ |access-date=2023-12-11 |website=St Helens Star |language=en}}</ref> and in parts of the [[Metropolitan Borough of Oldham]] which were previously in Lancashire.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-16 |title=Flag flying policy {{!}} Oldham Council |url=https://www.oldham.gov.uk/homepage/1251/flag_flying_policy |access-date=2024-06-12 |archive-date=16 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220816135812/https://www.oldham.gov.uk/homepage/1251/flag_flying_policy |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-30 |title=Surprise after council does not fly flag on Lancashire Day |url=https://www.theoldhamtimes.co.uk/news/23956689.lancashire-day-surprise-council-not-fly-flag/ |access-date=2024-06-12 |website=The Oldham Times |language=en}}</ref> It has also been flown from the [[Department for Levelling Up, Housing and Communities|Ministry for Housing, Communities, and Local Government]] building in London.

An alternative flag consists of a red rose on a white field. This design had already been registered by [[Montrose, Angus|Montrose]] in Scotland.<ref>{{cite news |last=Visser |first=Chris |date=29 July 2008 |title=Lancashire flag is all yellow |url=http://www.lep.co.uk/news/Lancashire-flag-is-all-yellow.4333614.jp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080801170733/https://www.lep.co.uk/news/Lancashire-flag-is-all-yellow.4333614.jp |archive-date=1 August 2008 |newspaper=Lancashire Evening Post}}</ref>

=== Sport ===

==== Cricket ====
[[Lancashire County Cricket Club]] has been one of the most successful [[county cricket]] teams, particularly in the [[one-day cricket|one-day]] game. It is home to [[England cricket team]] members [[James Anderson (cricketer)|James Anderson]] and [[Jos Buttler]]. The [[County Ground, Old Trafford]], [[Trafford]], has been the home cricket ground of LCCC since 1864.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lccc.co.uk/index.php?p=contact |title=LCCC contact details |publisher=Lccc.co.uk |date=16 January 2009 |access-date=25 September 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100924003212/http://lccc.co.uk/index.php?p=contact |archive-date=24 September 2010 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

Local cricket leagues include the [[Lancashire League (cricket)|Lancashire League]], the [[Central Lancashire League]] and the [[North Lancashire and Cumbria League]].

Since 2000, the designated [[England and Wales Cricket Board|ECB]] [[ECB Premier Leagues|Premier League]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ecb.co.uk/news/non-first-class/premier-leagues/premier-leagues,1443,BP.html |title=List of ECB Premier Leagues |publisher=Ecb.co.uk |access-date=25 September 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081015120858/http://www.ecb.co.uk/news/non-first-class/premier-leagues/premier-leagues%2C1443%2CBP.html |archive-date=15 October 2008 }}</ref> for Lancashire has been the [[Liverpool and District Cricket Competition]].

====Football====
[[File:Red Rose Badge of Lancaster.svg|thumb|upright|right|The Red Rose of Lancaster]]
Football in Lancashire is governed by the [[Lancashire County Football Association]] which, like most [[county football association]]s, has boundaries that are aligned roughly with the [[Historic Counties of England|historic counties]]. The [[Manchester Football Association]] and [[Liverpool County Football Association]] respectively operate in [[Greater Manchester]] and [[Merseyside]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.manchesterfa.com/AboutUs/ |title=Manchester FA &#124; About Us |publisher=Manchesterfa.com |access-date=25 September 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007185050/http://www.manchesterfa.com/AboutUs/ |archive-date=7 October 2010 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.liverpoolfa.com/AboutUs/ |title=Liverpool FA &#124; About Us |publisher=Liverpoolfa.com |access-date=25 September 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614225956/http://www.liverpoolfa.com/AboutUs/ |archive-date=14 June 2011 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

Lancashire clubs were prominent in the formation of the [[English Football League|Football League]] in 1888, with the league being officially named at a meeting in Manchester.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/21492352 |website=BBC Sport |title=One letter, two meetings and 12 teams – the birth of league football |date=26 February 2013 |first=Paul |last=Fletcher |access-date=2018-08-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181015155241/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/21492352 |archive-date=15 October 2018 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.efl.com/news/2016/march/on-this-day-in-1888-the-letter-that-led-to-the-formation-of-the-football-league/ |website=EFL Official Website |title=On this day in 1888: The letter that led to the formation of The Football League |date=2 March 2016 |access-date=2018-08-12}}</ref> Of the twelve founder members of the league, six were from Lancashire: [[Accrington F.C.|Accrington]], [[Blackburn Rovers F.C.|Blackburn Rovers]], [[Bolton Wanderers F.C.|Bolton Wanderers]], [[Burnley F.C.|Burnley]], [[Everton F.C.|Everton]], and [[Preston North End F.C.|Preston North End]].

The Football League is now based in Preston.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.efl.com/-more/all-about-the-efl/contact-us/ |title=Contact Us |website=English Football League |access-date=2018-08-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180913185551/https://www.efl.com/-more/all-about-the-efl/contact-us |archive-date=13 September 2018 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> The [[National Football Museum]] was founded at [[Deepdale]], [[Preston, Lancashire|Preston]] in 2001, but moved to Manchester in 2012.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-manchester-18725667|title=Why football museum moved to Manchester|last=Airey|first=Tom|date=2012-07-06|work=BBC News|access-date=2018-08-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171202100648/http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-manchester-18725667|archive-date=2 December 2017|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

Seven professional full-time teams were based in Lancashire at the start of the 2024–25 season:

* [[Football League Championship|Championship]]: [[Blackburn Rovers F.C.|Blackburn Rovers]], [[Burnley F.C.|Burnley]] and [[Preston North End F.C.|Preston North End]]
* [[Football League One|League One]]: [[Blackpool F.C.|Blackpool]]
* [[Football League Two|League Two]]: [[Accrington Stanley F.C.|Accrington Stanley]], [[Fleetwood Town F.C.|Fleetwood Town]] and [[Morecambe F.C.|Morecambe]]

The county's most prominent football rivalries are the [[East Lancashire derby]] between Blackburn Rovers and Burnley, and the [[West Lancashire derby]] between Blackpool and Preston North End.

A further nine professional full-time teams lie within the historical borders of Lancashire but outside of the current ceremonial county. These include the Premier League clubs [[Everton F.C.|Everton]], [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]], [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] and [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]].

====Rugby league====
{{main|Rugby league in Lancashire}}
Along with Yorkshire and Cumberland, Lancashire is recognised as the heartland of Rugby League. The county has produced many successful top flight clubs such as [[St Helens R.F.C.|St. Helens]], [[Wigan Warriors|Wigan]], [[Warrington Wolves|Warrington]], [[Oldham RLFC|Oldham]], [[Salford Red Devils|Salford]] and [[Widnes Vikings|Widnes]]. The county was once the focal point for many of the sport's professional competitions including the [[Rugby league county leagues|Lancashire League]] competition which ran from 1895 to 1970, and the [[Rugby league county cups|Lancashire County Cup]] which ran until 1993. Rugby League has also seen a representative fixture between [[Rugby League War of the Roses|Lancashire and Yorkshire]] contested 89 times since its inception in 1895.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rugbyleaguehonours.co.uk/roses.html |title=Rugby League Honours – War of the Roses |access-date=15 May 2010 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20080930084834/http://www.rugbyleaguehonours.co.uk/roses.html |archive-date=30 September 2008 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> In recent times there were several [[rugby league]] teams that are based within the ceremonial county which include [[Blackpool Panthers]], [[East Lancashire Lions]], and [[Blackpool Sea Eagles]].

====Archery====
There are many archery clubs located within Lancashire.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lancashire-archery.org.uk/ |title=Archery clubs in Lancashire |publisher=Lancashire-archery.org.uk |access-date=25 September 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101107191535/http://www.lancashire-archery.org.uk/ |archive-date=7 November 2010 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref> In 2004 Lancashire took the winning title at the Inter-counties championships from [[Yorkshire]] who had held it for 7 years.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bowmenofskelmersdale.co.uk/ |title=Bowmen of Skelmersdale |publisher=Bowmen of Skelmersdale |access-date=25 September 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615025522/http://www.bowmenofskelmersdale.co.uk/ |archive-date=15 June 2011 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

====Wrestling====
Lancashire has a centuries-long history of combat sports and wrestling, developing its own style called [[Lancashire wrestling]], and becoming a breeding ground for many of Britain's best amateur and professional wrestlers.<ref>{{cite web |title=The summary on Lancashire wrestling by Ruslan C Pashayev, based on his book "The Story of Catch" (2019) |url=https://www.traditionalsports.org/traditional-sports/europe/lancashire-wrestling-england.html |website=Traditionasports.org |access-date=30 November 2023}}</ref> Through travelling performers and immigration, the style spread abroad to British colonies, Europe, the United States, and other countries. It was a primary influence on [[catch wrestling]] and its descendants including [[freestyle wrestling]], American [[folkstyle wrestling]], theatrical [[professional wrestling]], and [[mixed martial arts]]. It was preserved due to the influence of Lancashire native [[Billy Riley]] and his gym, popularly known as [[The Snake Pit (Wigan)|The Snake Pit]], and students such as [[Karl Gotch]] and [[Billy Robinson]]. It became particularly influential in Japan, where catch wrestling is popularly referred to as "Lancashire style" {{Nihongo|2=ランカシャースタイル}}.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |last=Gould |first=KJ |date=24 November 2011 |title=Interview: The Return of Catch Wrestling's Snake Pit |url=https://bloodyelbow.com/2011/11/24/interview-andrea-wood-return-of-catch-wrestling-snake-pit/ |access-date=5 March 2024 |website=Bloody Elbow |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=U.W.F.スネークピットジャパンの「キャッチ アズ キャッチ キャンとは？」 |url=http://www.uwf-snakepit.com/catch.html |access-date=3 March 2024 |website=uwf-snakepit.com |language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=ランカシャースタイル(らんかしゃーすたいる)とは？ 意味や使い方 |url=https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AB%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB-1435092 |access-date=3 March 2024 |website=[[Kotobank|Kotobank.jp]] |language=ja}}</ref>

===Music===
====Folk music====
Lancashire has a long and highly productive tradition of music making. In the early modern era the county shared in the national tradition of [[ballad]]ry, including perhaps the finest [[border ballad]], "[[The Ballad of Chevy Chase]]", thought to have been composed by the Lancashire-born minstrel Richard Sheale.<ref name="Gregory2006"/> The county was also a common location for [[folk song]]s, including "The Lancashire Miller", "Warrington Ale" and "The soldier's farewell to Manchester", while Liverpool, as a major seaport, was the subject of many [[sea shanties]], including "[[The Leaving of Liverpool]]" and "[[Maggie May (traditional song)|Maggie May]]",<ref>J. Shepherd, D. Horn, and D. Laing, ''Continuum Encyclopedia of Popular Music of the World'' (London: Continuum, 2003), {{ISBN|0-8264-7436-5}}, p. 360</ref> beside several local [[Wassailing]] songs.<ref name="Gregory2006">D. Gregory, ''The Songs of the People for Me'': The Victorian Rediscovery of Lancashire Vernacular Song', ''Canadian Folk Music/Musique folklorique canadienne'', 40 (2006), pp.&nbsp;12–21</ref> In the [[Industrial Revolution]] changing social and economic patterns helped create new traditions and styles of folk song, often linked to migration and patterns of work.<ref name=Lancsfolk/> These included processional dances, often associated with rushbearing or the [[Wakes Week]] festivities, and types of [[step dance]], most famously [[clog dancing]].<ref name=Lancsfolk>''Lancashire Folk'', http://www.lancashirefolk.co.uk/Morris_Information.htm {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100310014202/http://www.lancashirefolk.co.uk/Morris_Information.htm |date=10 March 2010 }}, retrieved 16 February 2009</ref><ref name="Boyes1993">G. Boyes, ''The Imagined Village: Culture, Ideology, and the English Folk Revival'' (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1993), 0-71902-914-7, p. 214</ref>

A local pioneer of folk song collection in the first half of the 19th century was Shakespearean scholar [[James Orchard Halliwell]],<ref>E. D. Gregory, ''Victorian Songhunters: the Recovery and Editing of English Vernacular Ballads and Folk Lyrics, 1820–1883'' (Lanham, MD: Scarecrow, 2006), {{ISBN|0-8108-5703-0}}, p. 248</ref> but it was not until the second [[folk revival]] in the 20th century that the full range of song from the county, including [[industrial folk song]], began to gain attention.<ref name="Boyes1993"/> The county produced one of the major figures of the revival in [[Ewan MacColl]], but also a local champion in [[Harry Boardman]], who from 1965 onwards probably did more than anyone to popularise and record the folk song of the county.<ref>''Folk North West'', {{cite web|url=http://www.folknorthwest.co.uk/harry_boardman.htm |title=Harry Boardman |access-date=2009-02-25 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090212123824/http://folknorthwest.co.uk/harry_boardman.htm |archive-date=12 February 2009 }}, retrieved 16 February 2009</ref> Perhaps the most influential folk artists to emerge from the region in the late 20th century were Liverpool folk group [[The Spinners (UK band)|the Spinners]], and from Manchester folk troubadour [[Roy Harper (singer)|Roy Harper]] and musician, comedian and broadcaster [[Mike Harding]].<ref name=Frame1999/><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dirtylinen.com/feature/50harper.html|title=Roy Harper|date=February–March 1994 |work=Dirty Linen |first1=John C. |last1=Falstaff |access-date=4 November 2018|archive-date=21 October 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071021215750/http://www.dirtylinen.com/feature/50harper.html|url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>S. Broughton, M. Ellingham and R. Trillo, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=gyiTOcnb2yYC&pg=PA67 World Music: Africa, Europe and the Middle East]'' (Rough Guides, 1999), {{ISBN|1-85828-635-2}}, p. 67</ref> The region is home to numerous [[folk clubs]], many of them catering to [[Irish folk music|Irish]] and [[Scottish folk music]]. Regular [[folk festival]]s include the Fylde Folk Festival at [[Fleetwood]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.folkandroots.co.uk/festivals.html |title=2009 Folk Festivals – Britain |website=Folk and Roots |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090224075454/http://www.folkandroots.co.uk/festivals.html |archive-date=24 February 2009 |access-date=25 February 2009}}</ref>

====Classical music====
Lancashire had a lively culture of choral and [[classical music]], with very large numbers of local church [[choir]]s from the 17th century,<ref>R. Cowgill and P. Holman, ''Music in the British Provinces, 1690–1914'' (Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2007), {{ISBN|0-7546-3160-5}}, p. 207</ref> leading to the foundation of local choral societies from the mid-18th century, often particularly focused on performances of the music of [[Handel]] and his contemporaries.<ref>R. Southey, ''Music-Making in North-East England During the Eighteenth Century'' (Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing, 2006), {{ISBN|0-7546-5097-9}}, pp.&nbsp;131–2</ref> It also played a major part in the development of [[Brass band (British style)|brass band]]s which emerged in the county, particularly in the textile and coalfield areas, in the 19th century.<ref>D. Russell, ''Popular Music in England, 1840–1914: a Social History'' (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1987), {{ISBN|0-7190-2361-0}}, p. 163</ref> The first open competition for brass bands was held at Manchester in 1853, and continued annually until the 1980s.<ref>A. Baines, ''The Oxford Companion to Musical Instruments'' (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992), {{ISBN|0-19-311334-1}}, p. 41</ref> 

The vibrant brass band culture of the area made an important contribution to the foundation and staffing of the [[The Hallé|Hallé Orchestra]] from 1857, the oldest extant professional orchestra in the United Kingdom.<ref>D. Russell, ''Popular Music in England, 1840–1914: a Social History'' (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1987), {{ISBN|0-7190-2361-0}}, p. 230</ref> The same local musical tradition produced eminent figures such as Sir [[William Walton]] (1902–88), son of an Oldham choirmaster and music teacher,<ref>D. Clark and J. Staines, ''Rough Guide to Classical Music'' (Rough Guides, 3rd edn., 2001), {{ISBN|1-85828-721-9}}, p. 568</ref> Sir [[Thomas Beecham]] (1879–1961), born in St. Helens, who began his career by conducting local orchestras<ref>L. Jenkins, ''While Spring and Summer Sang: Thomas Beecham and the Music of Frederick Delius'' (Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing, 2005), {{ISBN|0-7546-0721-6}}, p. 1</ref> and [[Alan Rawsthorne]] (1905–71) born in Haslingden.<ref>J. McCabe, ''Alan Rawsthorne: Portrait of a Composer'' (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999), {{ISBN|0-19-816693-1}}</ref> The conductor [[David Atherton]], co-founder of the [[London Sinfonietta]], was born in Blackpool in 1944.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thebiography.us/en/atherton-david|title=Biography of David Atherton <small>(1944-VVVV)</small>|work=thebiography.us|access-date=26 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150226232715/http://thebiography.us/en/atherton-david|archive-date=26 February 2015|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Lancashire also produced more populist figures, such as early [[musical theatre]] composer [[Leslie Stuart]] (1863–1928), born in Southport, who began his musical career as organist of [[Salford Cathedral]].<ref>A. Lamb, ''Leslie Stuart: Composer of Floradora'' (London: Routledge, 2002), {{ISBN|0-415-93747-7}}</ref>

More recent Lancashire-born composers include [[Hugh Wood]] (1932– Parbold),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.musicsalesclassical.com/composer/long-bio/hugh-wood|title=Hugh Wood|access-date=13 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113134237/http://www.musicsalesclassical.com/composer/long-bio/hugh-wood|archive-date=13 November 2014|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Sir [[Peter Maxwell Davies]] (1934–2016, Salford),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2004/jun/19/classicalmusicandopera.proms2004|title=Profile: Peter Maxwell Davies|author=Stephen Moss|work=The Guardian|date=19 June 2004|access-date=15 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305010600/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2004/jun/19/classicalmusicandopera.proms2004|archive-date=5 March 2017|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Sir [[Harrison Birtwistle]] (1934–2022, Accrington),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boosey.com/pages/cr/composer/composer_main.asp?composerid=2729&ttype=BIOGRAPHY|title=Harrison Birtwistle|access-date=13 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113132757/http://www.boosey.com/pages/cr/composer/composer_main.asp?composerid=2729&ttype=BIOGRAPHY|archive-date=13 November 2014|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> [[Gordon Crosse]] (1937–, Bury),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nmcrec.co.uk/composer/crosse-gordon|title=Crosse, Gordon – NMC Recordings|access-date=13 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113141511/http://www.nmcrec.co.uk/composer/crosse-gordon|archive-date=13 November 2014|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> [[John McCabe (composer)|John McCabe]] (1939–2015, Huyton),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.johnmccabe.com/biography.htm|title=John McCabe – biography|access-date=13 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150115113314/http://www.johnmccabe.com/biography.htm|archive-date=15 January 2015|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> [[Roger Smalley]] (1943–2015, Swinton), [[Nigel Osborne]] (1948–, Manchester), [[Steve Martland]] (1954–2013, Liverpool),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.schott-music.com/shop/persons/featured/steve-martland/index.html|title=Schott Music – Steve Martland – Profile|access-date=13 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120071913/http://www.schott-music.com/shop/persons/featured/steve-martland/index.html|archive-date=20 November 2015|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> [[Simon Holt]] (1958–, Bolton)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.musicsalesclassical.com/composer/short-bio/simon-holt|title=Simon Holt|work=musicsalesclassical.com|access-date=8 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206081945/http://www.musicsalesclassical.com/composer/short-bio/Simon-Holt|archive-date=6 February 2015|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> and [[Philip Cashian]] (1963–, Manchester).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.philipcashian.com/biography|title=Philip Cashian – Biography|access-date=13 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113123738/http://www.philipcashian.com/biography|archive-date=13 November 2014|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
The [[Royal Manchester College of Music]] was founded in 1893 to provide a northern counterpart to the London musical colleges. It merged with the Northern College of Music (formed in 1920) to form the Royal Northern College of Music in 1972.<ref>M. Kennedy, ''The History of the Royal Manchester College of Music, 1893–1972'' (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1971), {{ISBN|0-7190-0435-7}}</ref>

====Popular music====
[[File:The Beatles members at New York City in 1964.jpg|thumb|right|[[The Beatles]] began in Liverpool before the city's county was changed from Lancashire to [[Merseyside]]]]
[[Liverpool]], both during its time in Lancashire and after being moved to the new county of [[Merseyside]], has produced a number of successful musicians. This includes pop stars such as [[Frankie Vaughan]] and [[Lita Roza]], as well as rock stars such as [[Billy Fury]], who is considered to be one of the most successful [[British rock|British rock and roll]] stars of all time.<ref name=Frame1999>P. Frame, ''Pete Frame's Rockin' Around Britain: Rock'n'Roll Landmarks of the UK and Ireland'' (London: Music Sales Group, 1999), {{ISBN|0-7119-6973-6}}, pp.&nbsp;72–6</ref> Many Lancashire towns had vibrant [[skiffle]] scenes in the late 1950s, out of which a culture of [[Beat (music)|beat]] groups emerged by the early 1960s, particularly around Liverpool and [[Manchester]]. It has been estimated that there were at least 350 bands—including [[the Beatles]]—active in and around Liverpool during this era, playing ballrooms, concert halls, and clubs.<ref>A. H. Goldman, ''The Lives of John Lennon'' (A Capella, 2001), {{ISBN|1-55652-399-8}}, p. 92</ref> A number of Liverpool performers followed the Beatles into the charts, including [[Gerry & the Pacemakers]], [[The Searchers (band)|the Searchers]], and [[Cilla Black]].

The first musicians to break through in the UK who were not from Liverpool or managed by Beatles manager [[Brian Epstein]] were Manchester's [[Freddie and the Dreamers]],<ref>[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2006/05/20/ufreddie.xml&sSheet=/news/2006/05/20/ixnews.html {{"'}}Dreamers' star Freddie Garrity dies"]{{dead link|date=July 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} ''Daily Telegraph'', 20 May 2006. Retrieved 1 August 2007</ref> with [[Herman's Hermits]] and [[the Hollies]] also hailing from Manchester.<ref>V. Bogdanov, C. Woodstra and S. T. Erlewine, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=1-pH4i3jXvAC&pg=PA532 All Music Guide to Rock: the Definitive Guide to Rock, Pop and Soul]'' (Milwaukee, WI: Backbeat Books, 3rd edn., 2002), {{ISBN|0-87930-653-X}}, p. 532</ref> The Beatles led a movement by various beat groups from the region which culminated in the [[British Invasion]] of the US, which in turn made a major contribution to the development of modern [[rock music]].<ref name=Bogdanov2002BI>V. Bogdanov, C. Woodstra and S. T. Erlewine, ''All Music Guide to Rock: the Definitive Guide to Rock, Pop, and Soul'' (Milwaukee, WI: Backbeat Books, 3rd edn., 2002), {{ISBN|0-87930-653-X}}, pp.&nbsp;1316–7</ref> After the decline of beat groups in the late 1960s, the centre of rock culture shifted to London, and there were relatively few Lancashire bands who achieved national prominence until the growth of a [[disco]] scene and the [[punk rock]] revolution in the mid-and-late 1970s.<ref>S. Cohen, ''Rock Culture in Liverpool: Popular Music in the Making'' (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1991), {{ISBN|0-19-816178-6}}, p. 14</ref>

The towns of [[Accrington]], [[Burnley]], [[Chorley]], [[Clitheroe]], [[Colne]], [[Lytham St Annes]], [[Morecambe]], [[Nelson, Lancashire|Nelson]], [[Ormskirk]] and [[Skelmersdale]] as well as the cities of [[Lancaster, Lancashire|Lancaster]] and [[Preston, Lancashire|Preston]] are referenced in the 1991 song, "[[It's Grim Up North]]" by the band [[the KLF]].

===Cuisine===
[[File:Lancashire hotpot.jpg|thumb|right|[[Lancashire hotpot]]]]
[[File:Lancashire cheese.jpg|thumb|right|[[Lancashire cheese]]]]
{{sources|section|date=October 2022}}

Lancashire is the origin of the [[Lancashire hotpot]], a [[casserole]] dish traditionally made with [[Lamb and mutton|lamb]]. Other traditional foods from the area include:

* [[Black peas]], also known as parched peas: popular in [[Darwen]], [[Bolton]] and [[Preston, Lancashire|Preston]].
* Bury [[black pudding]] has long been associated with the county. The most notable brand, Chadwick's Original Bury Black Puddings, are still sold on [[Bury Market]],<ref>{{cite news | url= http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/food_and_drink/article1080357.ece | title= Food detective: Bury black pudding | first= Sheila | last= Keating | newspaper= [[The Times]] | date= 11 June 2005 | access-date= 14 October 2009 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110614235443/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/food_and_drink/article1080357.ece | archive-date= 14 June 2011 | url-status= dead | df= dmy-all }}</ref> and are manufactured in [[Rossendale Valley|Rossendale]].
* Butter cake: slice of bread and butter.
* [[Butter pie]]: a savoury pie containing potatoes, onion and butter. Usually associated with [[Preston, Lancashire|Preston]].
* Clapbread: a thin [[Staffordshire oatcake|oatcake]] made from unleavened dough cooked on a griddle.
* [[Chorley cake]]s: from the town of [[Chorley]].
* [[Eccles cake]]s are small, round cakes filled with currants and made from flaky pastry with butter, originally made in Eccles.
* Fag pie: pie made from chopped dried figs, sugar and lard. Associated with [[Blackburn]] and [[Burnley]], where it was the highlight of ''Fag Pie Sunday'' ([[Lent|Mid-Lent Sunday]]).
* [[Fish and chips]]: the first fish and chip shop in northern England opened in [[Mossley]], near Oldham, around 1863.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.niagara.co.uk/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100327221624/http://www.niagara.co.uk/fish_and_chips.htm|url-status=dead|title=Niagara.co.uk|archive-date=27 March 2010|website=Niagara.co.uk}}</ref>
* Frog-i'-th'-'ole pudding: now known as "[[toad in the hole]]"
* [[Frumenty]]: sweet porridge. Once a popular dish at Lancashire festivals, such as Christmas and Easter Monday.
* [[Goosnargh]] cakes: small flat [[shortbread]] biscuits with coriander or [[caraway]] seeds pressed into the biscuit before baking.<ref>Sudi Pigott (30 May 2013), [https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/food-and-drink/features/goosnagh-cake-sea-lavender-honey-medlar-butter-forgotten-foods-making-a-comeback-8638530.html Goosnagh cake, sea lavender honey, medlar butter – forgotten foods making a comeback] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180504011507/https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/food-and-drink/features/goosnagh-cake-sea-lavender-honey-medlar-butter-forgotten-foods-making-a-comeback-8638530.html |date=4 May 2018 }}, ''The Independent'', accessed 3 May 2018</ref> Traditionally baked on feast days like [[Shrove Tuesday]].
* Jannock: cake or small loaf of oatmeal. Allegedly introduced to Lancashire (possibly [[Bolton]]) by [[Weaver (occupation)|weavers]] of [[Flemish people|Flemish]] origin.
* [[Lancashire cheese]] has been made in the county for several centuries.<ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.lancashirecheese.com/history.htm | publisher= Lancashire Cheese Makers | title= Lancashire Cheese History | access-date= 14 October 2009 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090828155652/http://www.lancashirecheese.com/history.htm | archive-date= 28 August 2009 | url-status= usurped | df= dmy-all }}</ref> [[Beacon Fell Traditional Lancashire Cheese]] has been awarded EU [[Protected Designation of Origin]] (PDO) status.<ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.defra.gov.uk/foodfarm/food/industry/regional/foodname/products/registered/beacon.htm | publisher= [[Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs]] | title= EU Protected Food Names Scheme: Beacon Fell traditional Lancashire cheese | access-date= 14 October 2009 | url-status= dead | archive-url= http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20091106090654/http%3A//www.defra.gov.uk/foodfarm/food/industry/regional/foodname/products/registered/beacon.htm | archive-date= 6 November 2009 | df= dmy-all }}</ref>
* Lancashire Flat Cake: A lemon flavoured sponge cake, traditionally made with a couple too many eggs, best eaten after being chilled.
* [[Lancashire oatcake]], resembling a large oval pancake, eaten either moist or dried
* Lancashire Sauce, a lightly spiced mustard produced by the Entwistle family of Bury
* "Stew and hard": a beef and cowheel stew with dried Lancashire oatcake
* Nettle porridge: a common starvation diet in Lancashire in the early 19th century. Made from boiled stinging nettles and sometimes a handful of meal.
* [[Ormskirk]] gingerbread: local delicacy that was sold throughout South Lancashire.
* [[Parkin (cake)|Parkin]]: a ginger cake with oatmeal.
* Pobs or pobbies: bread and milk.
* Potato hotpot: a variation of the Lancashire Hotpot without meat that is also known as ''fatherless pie''.
* Ran Dan: barley bread. A last resort for the poor at the end of the 18th century and beginning of the 19th century.
* [[Rag pudding]]: traditional [[suet pudding]] filled with minced meat, originating in [[Oldham]].
* [[Throdkins]]: a traditional breakfast food of [[the Fylde]].
* [[Uncle Joe's Mint Balls]]: traditional [[Mints (candy)|mint]]s produced by William Santus & Co. Ltd. in [[Wigan]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Uncle Joe's Mint Balls|url=http://www.uncle-joes.com/sweet-shop/uncle-joes-mint-balls|work=Uncle Joe's Favourites|publisher=Wm Santus & Co. Ltd|access-date=14 August 2013|year=2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130827034529/http://www.uncle-joes.com/sweet-shop/uncle-joes-mint-balls|archive-date=27 August 2013|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

===Cinema===
''[[Whistle Down the Wind (film)|Whistle Down the Wind]]'' (1961) was directed by Bryan Forbes, set at the foot of Worsaw Hill and in [[Burnley]], and starred local Lancashire schoolchildren.

The tunnel scene was shot on the old Bacup-Rochdale railway line, location 53°41'29.65"N, 2°11'25.18"W, off the A6066 (New Line) where the line passes beneath Stack Lane. The tunnel is still there, in use as an industrial unit but the railway has long since been removed.

''[[Funny Bones]]'' (1995) was set mostly in Blackpool, after opening scenes in Las Vegas.