Editing Kingdom of Nepal (section)

===1990 People's Movement===
{{Main|1990 Nepalese revolution}}
People in rural areas had expected that their interests would be better represented after the adoption of parliamentary democracy in 1990. The [[Nepali Congress]] with the support of "Alliance of leftist parties" decided to launch a decisive agitational movement, [[1990 Nepalese revolution|Jana Andolan]], which forced the monarchy to accept constitutional reforms and to establish a multiparty parliament. In May 1991, Nepal held its first parliamentary elections in nearly 50 years. The Nepali Congress won 110 of the 205 seats and formed the first elected government in 32 years.

====Civil strife====
In 1992, in a situation of economic crisis and chaos, with spiraling prices as a result of the implementation of changes in the policy of the new Congress government, the radical left stepped up their political agitation. A Joint People's Agitation Committee was set up by the various groups.<ref>The organisers of the Committee were the [[Samyukta Janamorcha Nepal]], the [[Communist Party of Nepal (Unity Centre)]], [[Communist Party of Nepal (Masal) (historical)|Communist Party of Nepal (Masal)]], the [[Nepal Communist League]] and the [[Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist-Maoist)]].</ref> A [[hartal|general strike]] was called for 6 April.
 
Violent incidents began to occur on the evening before the strike. The Joint People's Agitation Committee had called for a 30-minute 'lights out' in the capital, and violence erupted outside [[Bir Hospital]] when activists tried to enforce the 'lights out'. At dawn on 6 April, clashes between strike activists and police, outside a police station in [[Palchok|Pulchok]] (Patan), left two activists dead.
 
Later in the day, a mass rally of the Agitation Committee at [[Tundikhel]] in the capital Kathmandu was attacked by police forces. As a result, riots broke out and the [[Nepal Telecom]]munications building was set on fire; police opened fire at the crowd, killing several people. The Human Rights Organization of Nepal estimated that 14 people, including several onlookers, had been killed in police firing.<ref>Hoftun, Martin, William Raeper and John Whelpton. People, politics and ideology: Democracy and Social Change in Nepal. Kathmandu: Mandala Book Point, 1999. p. 189</ref>
 
When promised land reforms failed to appear, people in some districts started to organize to enact their own land reform and to gain some power over their lives in the face of usurious landlords. However, this movement was repressed by the Nepali government, in Operation Romeo and Operation Kilo Sera II, which took the lives of many of the leading activists of the struggle. As a result, many witnesses to this repression became radicalized.

====Nepalese Civil War====
{{Main|Nepalese Civil War}}
In February 1996, one of the [[Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre)|Maoist]] parties started a bid to replace the parliamentary monarchy with a people's new democratic republic, through a Maoist revolutionary strategy known as the [[people's war]], which led to the [[Nepalese Civil War]]. Led by [[Baburam Bhattarai|Dr. Baburam Bhattarai]] and [[Pushpa Kamal Dahal]] (better known by his ''[[nom de guerre]]'' "Prachanda"), the insurgency began in five districts in Nepal: [[Rolpa District|Rolpa]], [[Rukum]], [[Jajarkot District|Jajarkot]], [[Gorkha District|Gorkha]], and [[Sindhuli]]. The Maoists declared the existence of a provisional "people's government" at the district level in several locations.