Editing Kashrut (section)

===Costs===
In the United States, the cost of certification for mass-produced items is typically minuscule<ref name=Snopes>{{cite web |url= http://www.snopes.com/racial/business/kosher.htm |title= The Kosher Nostra |access-date= 2006-10-23 |last= Mikkelson |first= Barbara |author-link= Urban Legends Reference Pages |date= May 24, 2002 |publisher= [[Urban Legends Reference Pages]]}}</ref><ref name = Brunvand>{{cite book | last = Brunvand | first = Jan Harold | author-link = Jan Harold Brunvand | title = Encyclopedia of urban legends | orig-date = 2001 | edition = Reprint | date = November 2002 | publisher = [[W. W. Norton|W. W. Norton & Company]] | location = [[New York, NY]] | pages = [https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofur00janh_0/page/222 222–223] | chapter = The Jewish Secret Tax | isbn = 978-0-393-32358-0 | lccn = 2001000883 | chapter-url-access = registration | chapter-url = https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofur00janh_0 | url = https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofur00janh_0/page/222 }}</ref> and is usually more than offset by the advantages of being certified.<ref name=Brunvand/> In 1975 ''[[The New York Times]]'' estimated the cost per item for obtaining kosher certification at 6.5 millionths of a cent ($0.000000065) per item for a [[General Foods]] frozen-food item.<ref name=adl/> According to a 2005 report by [[Burns & McDonnell]], most U.S. national certifying agencies are non-profit, only charging for supervision and on-site work, for which the on-site supervisor "typically makes less per visit than an auto mechanic does per hour". However, re-engineering an existing manufacturing process can be costly.<ref name="B&M">{{cite journal |last1=Morris |first1=Lisa |last2=Hays |first2=Jim |last3=York |first3=Elaine |year=2005 |title=Obtaining Kosher Certification: The Engineering Implications for Food Processing |url=https://www.burnsmcd.com/~/media/files/insightsnews/insights/tech-briefs/2005-issue-3/obtaining-kosher-certification/articleobtainingkoshercertification05.pdf |journal=TECHBriefs |publisher=Burns & McDonnell |volume=2005 |issue=3 |pages=1–3 |access-date=October 13, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171207084547/https://www.burnsmcd.com/~/media/files/insightsnews/insights/tech-briefs/2005-issue-3/obtaining-kosher-certification/articleobtainingkoshercertification05.pdf |archive-date=December 7, 2017 }}</ref> Certification usually leads to increased revenues by opening up additional markets to [[Jew]]s who keep kosher, [[Muslim]]s who keep [[halal]], [[Seventh-day Adventists]] who keep the main laws of Kosher Diet, [[Vegetarianism|vegetarians]], and the [[lactose-intolerant]] who wish to avoid dairy products (products that are reliably certified as ''pareve'' meet this criterion).<ref name=adl>{{cite web|url=http://www.adl.org/special_reports/kosher_tax/print.asp |title=The "Kosher Tax" Hoax: Anti-Semitic Recipe for Hate |access-date=2006-10-23 |date=January 1991 |publisher=[[Anti-Defamation League]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061023233658/http://www.adl.org/special_reports/kosher_tax/print.asp |archive-date=2006-10-23 }}</ref><ref name=ou>{{cite web | url = http://oukosher.org/blog/news/the-kosher-tax-fraud/  | title = The "Kosher Tax" Fraud | access-date = 2006-10-23 | last = Luban | first = Yaakov | publisher = [[Orthodox Union]]| date = 2004-07-18 }}</ref><ref name=bw>{{cite web| url = http://www.boycottwatch.org/misc/koshertax1.htm| title = Dispelling a rumor - there is no kosher tax or Jewish tax| access-date = 2006-10-24| date = December 22, 2003| publisher = Boycott Watch}}</ref><ref name=Levenson2>{{cite book | last = Levenson | first = Barry M. | title = Habeas Codfish: Reflections on Food and the Law | year = 2001 | publisher = [[University of Wisconsin Press]] | isbn = 978-0-299-17510-8 | quote = Adherents to other faiths, including Moslems and Seventh-Day Adventists, look to kosher certification for a variety of reasons (including making sure the product is pork free). | page = [https://archive.org/details/habeascodfishref0000leve/page/188 188] | url = https://archive.org/details/habeascodfishref0000leve/page/188 }}</ref> The [[Orthodox Union]], one of the largest ''kashrut'' organizations in the United States, claims that "when positioned next to a competing non-kosher brand, a kosher product will do better by 20%".<ref name = "OU20percent">{{cite web |url = http://oukosher.org/kosher-overview/why-go-kosher/|title = Why Go Kosher |author= <!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |year= 2014|publisher= [[Orthodox Union]]|access-date= October 13, 2014}}</ref>

In some European Jewish communities, kosher supervision of meat includes a "tax" used to fund Jewish education in the community, which makes kosher meat more expensive than the cost of supervision alone would imply.<ref>{{cite web 
|title= Brussels call for lower kosher tax 
|author= Gold, Asher 
|url= http://www.rce.eu.com/contentManagment/uploadedFiles/hnase_vehanishma/JET003.pdf 
|publisher= Rabbinical Center of Europe 
|date= October 29, 2009 
|access-date= October 13, 2014 
|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140428051845/http://www.rce.eu.com/contentManagment/uploadedFiles/hnase_vehanishma/JET003.pdf 
|archive-date= April 28, 2014 
}}</ref>