Editing James Stewart (section)

==Legacy==
[[File:It&#039;s A Wonderful Life.jpg|thumb|Stewart, [[Donna Reed]] and [[Karolyn Grimes]] in ''[[It's a Wonderful Life]]'' (1946)]]
Stewart is remembered for portraying idealist "everyman" characters in his films.{{sfn|Eliot|2006|pp=410–412}}{{sfn|Pomerance|2010|pp=63–64}} His heroism on screen and devotion to his family made him relatable and representative of the American ideal, leading Stewart to be considered one of the best-loved figures in twentieth-century American popular culture.{{sfn|Gregg|2000|pp=552–554}} According to film scholar Dennis Bingham, "his ability to 'play'—even symbolize—honesty and 'American ideals' made him an icon into whose mold later male stars tried to pour themselves".{{sfn|Bingham|1994|p=11}} Similarly, film scholar [[James Naremore]] has called Stewart "the most successful actor of the 'common man' in the history of movies" and "the most intensely-emotional leading man to emerge from the studio system", who could cry on screen without losing his masculinity.{{sfn|Naremore|1988|pp=253–254}} [[David Thomson (film critic)|David Thomson]] has explained Stewart's appeal by stating that "we wanted to be him, and we wanted to be liked by him",<ref name=Thomson>{{cite news |last1=Thomson |first1=David |title=The man we love to love |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2002/nov/22/artsfeatures9 |access-date=December 3, 2019 |work=The Guardian |date=November 21, 2002 |archive-date=December 3, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191203224130/https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2002/nov/22/artsfeatures9 |url-status=live }}</ref> while [[Roger Ebert]] has stated that "whether he played everyman, or everyman's hidden psyche, Stewart was an innately likable man whose face, loping gait and distinctive drawl became famous all over the world".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ebert |first1=Roger |title=James Stewart, A Tribute |url=https://www.rogerebert.com/interviews/james-stewart-a-tribute |website=Rogerebert.com |date=December 14, 2012 |access-date=November 21, 2019 |archive-date=June 19, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200619075031/https://www.rogerebert.com/interviews/james-stewart-a-tribute |url-status=live }}</ref> Among Stewart's most recognizable qualities was his manner of speaking with a hesitant drawl.<ref>{{harvnb|Eliot|2006|pp=150, 166}}</ref><ref name="Hesitant Hero" /> According to film scholar Tim Palmer, "Stewart's legacy rests on his roles as the nervous idealist standing trial for, and gaining stature from, the sincerity of his beliefs, while his emotive convictions are put to the test."{{sfn|Palmer|2009|p=43}} Film critic [[David Ansen]] wrote about Stewart's appeal as a person in addition to his appeal as an actor. Ansen retold a story in which Jack Warner, upon being told about Ronald Reagan's presidential ambitions, said, "No. Jimmy Stewart for president, Ronald Reagan for best friend."<ref name="ansen">{{cite news |last1=Ansen |first1=David |title=The All American Hero |url=https://www.newsweek.com/all-american-hero-174538 |access-date=December 3, 2019 |work=Newsweek |date=July 12, 1997 |archive-date=December 3, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191203234129/https://www.newsweek.com/all-american-hero-174538 |url-status=live }}</ref> Ansen further explained that Stewart was the ultimate trustworthy movie star.<ref name="ansen" />
[[File:James Stewart in The Mortal Storm trailer.jpg|thumb|left|{{center|''[[The Mortal Storm]]'' (1940)}}]]
In contrast to his popularly remembered "all-American" screen persona, film critics and scholars have tended to emphasize that his performances also showed a "dark side".{{sfn|Britton|1984|pp=6–7}} According to film scholar [[Murray Pomerance]], "the other Jimmy Stewart ... was a different type altogether, a repressed and neurotic man buried beneath an apparently calm facade, but ready at any moment to explode with vengeful anxiety and anger, or else with deeply twisted and constrained passions that could never match up with cheery personality of the alter ego."{{sfn|Pomerance|2010|p=64}} Bingham has described him as having "two coequal personas; the earnest idealist, the nostalgic figure of the homespun boy next door; and the risk-taking actor who probably performed in films for more canonical auteurs than any other American star".{{sfn|Bingham|1994|p=10}} According to him, it is this complexity and his ambiguous masculinity and sexuality with which he approached his roles that characterized his persona.{{sfn|Bingham|1994|pp=95–96}} Naremore has stated that there was a "troubled, cranky, slightly-repressed feeling in [Stewart's] behavior",{{sfn|Naremore|1988|p=254}} and Thomson has written that it was his dark side that produced "great cinema".<ref name=Thomson/>

Stewart was one of the most sought-after actors in 1950s Hollywood, proving that independent actors could be successful in the film industry, which led more actors in Hollywood to forego studio contracts.{{sfn|Booker|2011|pp=364–365}} According to Bingham, Stewart marked "the transition between the studio period...and the era of free-lance actors, independent production, and powerful talent agents that made possible the "new kind of star" of the late 1960s".{{sfn|Bingham|1994|p=10}} Although Stewart was not the first big-name freelance actor, his "mythic sweetness and idealism [which] were combined with eccentric physical equipment and capacity as an actor to enact emotion, anxiety, and pain" enabled him to succeed in both the studio system, which emphasized the star as a real person, and the skeptical post-studio era.{{sfn|Bingham|1994|p=10}}

A number of Stewart's films have become classics of American cinema, with twelve of his films having been inducted into the [[National Film Registry|United States National Film Registry]] as of 2019,<ref>{{cite web |title=Complete National Film Registry Listing |url=https://www.loc.gov/programs/national-film-preservation-board/film-registry/complete-national-film-registry-listing/ |website=Library of Congress |publisher=Congress.gov |access-date=June 3, 2019 |archive-date=March 5, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305191832/https://www.loc.gov/programs/national-film-preservation-board/film-registry/complete-national-film-registry-listing/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and five—''Mr. Smith Goes to Washington'' (1939), ''The Philadelphia Story'' (1940), ''It's a Wonderful Life'' (1946), ''Rear Window'' (1954), and ''Vertigo'' (1958)—being featured on the American Film Institute's list of the [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies|100 greatest American films]] of all time. Stewart and [[Robert De Niro]] share the title for the most films represented on the AFI list.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Associated Press |title='Citizen Kane' still tops 100 greatest films list |url=http://www.today.com/id/19350080/ns/today-today_entertainment/t/citizen-kane-still-tops-greatest-films-list/#.XPVlUBZKiUk |access-date=June 3, 2019 |work=Today |publisher=NBC News |date=June 21, 2007 |archive-date=September 8, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190908234136/http://www.today.com/id/19350080/ns/today-today_entertainment/t/citizen-kane-still-tops-greatest-films-list#.XPVlUBZKiUk |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies |url=http://www.afi.com/100years/movies.aspx |website=AFI |publisher=American Film Institute |access-date=July 19, 2019 |archive-date=May 29, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150529012109/http://www.afi.com/100Years/movies.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref> Stewart is also the most represented leading actor on the "100 Greatest Movies of All Time" list presented by ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]''.<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=EW Staff |title=Movies: Top 100 |url=https://ew.com/gallery/movies-top-100/?slide=405067#405067 |access-date=June 3, 2019 |magazine=Entertainment Weekly |date=July 11, 2013 |archive-date=June 20, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620092521/https://ew.com/gallery/movies-top-100/?slide=405067#405067 |url-status=live }}</ref> Two of his characters—Jefferson Smith in ''Mr. Smith Goes to Washington'' (1939) and George Bailey in ''It's a Wonderful Life'' (1946)—made AFI's list of the [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes & Villains|one hundred greatest heroes and villains]],<ref>{{cite web |title=AFIs 100 Years...100 Heroes & Villains |url=http://www.afi.com/100Years/handv.aspx |website=AFI |publisher=American Film Institute |access-date=July 15, 2019 |archive-date=October 12, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012111855/http://www.afi.com/100Years/handv.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref> and ''Harvey'' (1950) and ''The Philadelphia Story'' (1940) were included in their list of [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Laughs|Greatest American Comedies]].<ref>{{cite web |title=AFI's 100 Years...100 Laughs |url=http://www.afi.com/100Years/laughs.aspx |website=AFI |publisher=American Film Institute |access-date=July 19, 2019 |archive-date=June 9, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150609223257/http://www.afi.com/100Years/laughs.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref> In 1999, the American Film Institute (AFI) ranked Stewart third on its list of the [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Stars|greatest American male actors]].<ref name="AFI's 100 Years ... 100 Stars"/>

=== Awards and honors ===
{{main|List of awards and nominations received by James Stewart}}
[[File:20161005 Broadway Hollywood Building from Hollywood and Vine (2).jpg|thumb|[[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] star at [[Hollywood and Vine]] (background [[Broadway Hollywood Building]])]]
In 1960, Stewart was awarded a star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] at 1700 Vine Street for his contributions to the film industry.<ref>{{cite web |title=James Stewart |url=https://www.walkoffame.com/james-stewart |website=Hollywood Walk of Fame |publisher=Hollywood Chamber of Commerce |access-date=July 15, 2019 |archive-date=July 15, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190715213539/https://www.walkoffame.com/james-stewart |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=James Stewart |url=http://projects.latimes.com/hollywood/star-walk/james-stewart/ |website=Los Angeles Times-Hollywood Star Walk |access-date=July 15, 2019 |date=July 3, 1997 |archive-date=May 26, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190526152553/http://projects.latimes.com/hollywood/star-walk/james-stewart/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 1974, he received the Golden Plate Award of the [[Academy of Achievement|American Academy of Achievement]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement|website=www.achievement.org|publisher=[[American Academy of Achievement]]|url=https://achievement.org/our-history/golden-plate-awards/|access-date=June 7, 2020|archive-date=December 15, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161215023909/https://achievement.org/our-history/golden-plate-awards/|url-status=live}}</ref> His Golden Plate was presented by Awards Council member Helen Hayes.<ref>{{cite web|title= Photo: Helen Hayes presents the Golden Plate Award to screen legend Jimmy Stewart at the 1974 Banquet of the Golden Plate Award ceremonies in Salt Lake City, Utah.|publisher= [[Academy of Achievement|American Academy of Achievement]]|url= https://achievement.org/our-history/|access-date= June 7, 2020|archive-date= August 6, 2020|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200806042622/https://achievement.org/our-history/|url-status= live}}</ref> In 1997, Princeton University, Stewart's alma mater, honored him with the dedication of the James M. Stewart Theater along with a retrospective of his films.<ref name="prince theater">{{cite news |last1=Caffrey |first1=Mary |title=Princeton to Honor Famed Alumnus Jimmy Stewart '32 with Tribute and Theater Dedication |url=https://pr.princeton.edu/news/97/q2/0402stwt.html |access-date=July 19, 2019 |work=Princeton University News |publisher=Princeton University |date=April 2, 1997 |archive-date=July 19, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190719191453/https://pr.princeton.edu/news/97/q2/0402stwt.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Stewart has also been honored with his own postal stamp as part of the "Legends of Hollywood" stamp series.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Associated Press |title=New Stamp to honor Jimmy Stewart |url=https://www.today.com/popculture/new-stamp-honor-jimmy-stewart-1C9429646 |access-date=July 19, 2019 |work=Today |date=August 16, 2007 |archive-date=July 19, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190719185034/https://www.today.com/popculture/new-stamp-honor-jimmy-stewart-1C9429646 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 1999, a bust of Stewart was unveiled at the [[National Museum of the Mighty Eighth Air Force|Eighth Air Force Heritage Museum]] in [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]].{{sfn|Eyman|2017|p=312}} The [[L. Tom Perry Special Collections Library]] at [[Brigham Young University]] houses his personal papers and movie memorabilia including letters, scrapbooks, recordings of early radio programs, and two of his accordions.<ref>{{cite news |first=Edward L. |last=Carter |url=http://www.deseretnews.com/article/570267/BYU-ready-to-expand-its-Stewart-collection.html |title=BYU ready to expand its Stewart collection |date=July 4, 1997 |newspaper=[[Deseret News]] |access-date=November 11, 2013 |archive-date=November 11, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111194020/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/570267/BYU-ready-to-expand-its-Stewart-collection.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Collecting Treasure: 50 Years and Counting |url=https://magazine.byu.edu/article/collecting-treasure-50-years-and-counting/ |access-date=August 2, 2019 |work=BYU Magazine |publisher=Brigham Young University |date=Winter 2008 |archive-date=August 2, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190802202614/https://magazine.byu.edu/article/collecting-treasure-50-years-and-counting/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Stewart donated his papers and memorabilia to the library after becoming friends with the curator of its arts and communications collections, James D'Arc.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sumison |first1=Rebecca |title=Harold B. Lee Library Curator James D'Arc announces retirement |url=https://universe.byu.edu/2017/05/15/harold-b-lee-library-curator-james-darc-announces-retirement/ |access-date=March 19, 2020 |work=The Daily Universe |publisher=Brigham Young University |date=May 15, 2017 |archive-date=March 19, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319201919/https://universe.byu.edu/2017/05/15/harold-b-lee-library-curator-james-darc-announces-retirement/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
{{clear left}}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Association
! Category
! Nominated work
! Result
! class=unsortable|{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
|[[12th Academy Awards|1939]] || rowspan=6|[[Academy Award]] || rowspan=5|[[Academy Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]] || ''[[Mr. Smith Goes to Washington]]'' || {{nom}} || <ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1940|title= 12th Academy Awards|website= [[Academy Awards|Oscars.org]]|date= October 5, 2014|accessdate= January 26, 2024}}</ref>
|-
|[[13th Academy Awards|1940]] || ''[[The Philadelphia Story (film)|The Philadelphia Story]]'' || {{won}} || <ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1941|title= 13th Academy Awards|website= [[Academy Awards|Oscars.org]]|date= October 5, 2014|accessdate= January 26, 2024}}</ref>
|-
|[[19th Academy Awards|1946]] || ''[[It's a Wonderful Life]]'' || {{nom}} || <ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1947|title= 19th Academy Awards|website= [[Academy Awards|Oscars.org]]|date= October 4, 2014|accessdate= January 26, 2024}}</ref>
|-
|[[23rd Academy Awards|1951]] || ''[[Harvey (1950 film)|Harvey]]'' || {{nom}} || <ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1951|title= 23rd Academy Awards|website= [[Academy Awards|Oscars.org]]|date= October 4, 2014|accessdate= January 26, 2024}}</ref>
|-
|[[32nd Academy Awards|1959]] || ''[[Anatomy of a Murder]]'' || {{nom}} || <ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1960|title= 32nd Academy Awards|website= [[Academy Awards|Oscars.org]]|date= October 5, 2014|accessdate= January 26, 2024}}</ref>
|-
|[[57th Academy Awards|1984]] || colspan=2|[[Academy Honorary Award]] || {{yes|Received}} || <ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1984|title= 57th Academy Awards|website= [[Academy Awards|Oscars.org]]|date= October 4, 2014|accessdate= January 26, 2024}}</ref>
|-
|1955 || rowspan=2|[[BAFTA Awards]] || rowspan=2|[[BAFTA Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]] || ''[[The Glenn Miller Story]]'' || {{nom}} ||
|-
|1960 || ''[[Anatomy of a Murder]]'' || {{nom}} ||
|-
|1950 || rowspan=4|[[Golden Globe Award]] || [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama|Best Actor in a Motion Picture - Drama]] || ''[[Harvey (1950 film)|Harvey]]'' || {{nom}} ||
|-
|1962 || [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy|Best Actor in a Motion Picture - Comedy/Musical]] || ''[[Mr. Hobbs Takes a Vacation]]'' || {{nom}} ||
|-
|1964 || colspan=2|[[Golden Globe Cecil B. DeMille Award]] || {{yes|Received}} ||
|-
|1973 || [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Television Series Drama|Best Actor in a Television Series - Drama]] || ''[[Hawkins (TV series)|Hawkins]]'' || {{won}} ||
|-
|1939 || rowspan=2|[[New York Film Critics Circle Award]] || rowspan=2|[[New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]] || ''[[Mr. Smith Goes to Washington]]'' || {{won}} ||
|-
|1959 || rowspan=2|''[[Anatomy of a Murder]]'' || {{won}} ||
|-
|1959 || [[Venice International Film Festival]] || [[Volpi Cup for Best Actor]] || {{won}} ||
|-
|}

=== Memorials ===
[[File:34 - 20180728 - Indiana, PA.jpg|thumb|upright|Stewart's statue at his hometown of Indiana, Pennsylvania]]

Stewart has several memorials in his childhood hometown, Indiana, Pennsylvania. On May 20, 1995, his 87th birthday, [[The Jimmy Stewart Museum]] was established.{{sfn|Smith|2005|p=207}} The museum is located near his birthplace, his childhood home, and the former location of his father's hardware store.{{sfn|Smith|2005|p=208}} The museum has six galleries that include photos, memorabilia, personal mementos, movie posters, props, scripts, costumes and much more. Stewart had contributed significant donations to his hometown, and had done it quietly as he didn't want the publicity. A large statue of Stewart stands on the lawn of the Indiana County Courthouse, and a plaque marks his birthplace.{{sfn|Smith|2005|pp=19, 208}} In 1983, Jimmy Stewart came back to Indiana to celebrate his 75th birthday and unveiled the statue along with getting a phone call from then President Ronald Reagan to congratulate him on his birthday. 2011, the United States Post Office located at 47 South 7th Street in Indiana, Pennsylvania, was designated the "James M. 'Jimmy' Stewart Post Office Building".<ref>{{cite web |title=Jimmy' Stewart Post Office Building |date=January 4, 2011 |url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/111th-congress/house-bill/5606 |access-date=January 2, 2020 |archive-date=January 2, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200102144756/https://www.congress.gov/bill/111th-congress/house-bill/5606 |url-status=live }}</ref> Additionally, the [[Indiana County–Jimmy Stewart Airport]] was named in his honor.{{sfn|Dewey|1996|p=33}} His personal Cessna-310 airplane is refurbished and on display outside the airport that bears his name. His childhood home is still standing and overlooks his beloved hometown.

=== Documentary ===
* 2017: ''James Stewart/[[Robert Mitchum]]: The Two Faces of America'' directed by [[Gregory Monro]]