Editing Islamophobia (section)

===Regional trends===
====Anti-Muslim sentiment in Europe====
{{see also|Eurabia conspiracy theory}}
Muslim immigration into Europe has led some critics to label Islam incompatible with secular Western society.<ref name=autogenerated3>{{Cite book| title=Multiculturalism, Muslims and Citizenship: A European Approach | url=https://archive.org/details/multiculturalism00modo | url-access=limited | author=Tariq Modood | publisher=Routledge | edition=1st | date=6 April 2006 | isbn=978-0-415-35515-5 | pages=[https://archive.org/details/multiculturalism00modo/page/n17 3], 29, 46}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last =Kilpatrick | first =William | title =The Politically Incorrect Guide to Jihad | publisher =Regnery | date =2016 | pages =256 | isbn =978-1621575771 }}</ref> This criticism has been partly influenced by a stance against [[multiculturalism]] advocated by recent philosophers, closely linked to the heritage of [[New Philosophers]], including the likes of [[Pascal Bruckner]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pascal Bruckner: Enlightenment fundamentalism or racism of the anti-racists? (24/01/2007) - signandsight |url=http://www.signandsight.com/features/1146.html |access-date=2024-06-18 |website=www.signandsight.com}}</ref><ref>Pascal Bruckner – A reply to [[Ian Buruma]] and Timothy Garton Ash: "At the heart of the issue is the fact that in certain countries Islam is becoming Europe's second religion. As such, its adherents are entitled to freedom of religion, to decent locations and to all of our respect. On the condition, that is, that they themselves respect the rules of our republican, secular culture, and that they do not demand a status of extraterritoriality that is denied other religions, or claim special rights and prerogatives"</ref><ref>Pascal Bruckner – A reply to Ian Buruma and Timothy Garton Ash "It's so true that many English, Dutch and German politicians, shocked by the excesses that the wearing of the Islamic veil has given way to, now envisage similar legislation curbing religious symbols in public space. The separation of the spiritual and corporeal domains must be strictly maintained, and belief must confine itself to the private realm."</ref><ref name=mnali>{{cite news | title = Extremism flourished as UK lost Christianity | author-link = Michael Nazir-Ali | first = Michael | last = Nazir-Ali | url = https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2008/01/06/nislam206.xml | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080110080819/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2008/01/06/nislam206.xml | url-status = dead | archive-date = 10 January 2008 | newspaper = [[The Sunday Telegraph]] | date = 6 January 2008 | location=London}}</ref> Jocelyne Cesari, in her study of discrimination against Muslims in Europe,<ref name="CesariStudy">{{cite web |last=Cesari |first=Jocelyne |date=2006-06-01 |title=Muslims In Western Europe After 9/11: Why the term Islamophobia is more a predicament than an explanation |url=http://www.euro-islam.info/wp-content/uploads/pdfs/securitization_and_religious_divides_in_europe.pdf |website=Euro-Islam Info}}</ref> finds that anti-Islamic sentiment may be difficult to separate from other drivers of discrimination. Because Muslims are mainly from immigrant backgrounds and the largest group of immigrants in many Western European countries, [[xenophobia]] overlaps with Islamophobia, and a person may have one, the other, or both. So, for example, some people who have a negative perception of and attitude toward Muslims may also show this toward non-Muslim immigrants, either as a whole or certain group (such as, for example, Eastern Europeans, sub-Saharan Africans, or Roma), whereas others would not.

{{bar box
|float=left
|title=Unfavourable views of Muslims in Europe, 2019<ref name="auto"/>
|titlebar=#ddd
|left1='''Country'''
|right1='''Percent'''
|width=400px
|bars=

{{bar percent|[[Slovakia]]|peru|77}}
{{bar percent|[[Poland]]|peru|66}}
{{bar percent|[[Czech Republic]]|peru|64}}
{{bar percent|[[Hungary]]|peru|58}}
{{bar percent|[[Greece]]|peru|57}}
{{bar percent|[[Lithuania]]|peru|56}}
{{bar percent|[[Italy]]|peru|55}}
{{bar percent|[[Spain]]|darkorange|42}}
{{bar percent|[[Sweden]]|orange|28}}
{{bar percent|[[Netherlands]]|orange|28}}
{{bar percent|[[Germany]]|gold|24}}
{{bar percent|[[France]]|gold|22}}
{{bar percent|[[Russia]]|gold|19}}
{{bar percent|[[United Kingdom]]|gold|18}}

}}

The [[European Network Against Racism]] (ENAR) reports that Islamophobic crimes are on the increase in France, England and Wales. In Sweden crimes with an Islamophobic motive increased by 69% from 2009 to 2013.<ref>{{cite web |last=Draper |first=Lucy |date=6 May 2015 |title=New report exposes huge rise in racist crime in Europe |url=https://www.newsweek.com/new-report-exposes-huge-rise-racist-crime-europe-326929 |website=Newsweek}}</ref>

An increase of Islamophobia in Russia follows the growing influence of the strongly conservative sect of [[Wahhabism]], according to Nikolai Sintsov of the National Anti-Terrorist Committee.<ref name=rbth130625>{{cite news|url=http://rbth.ru/news/2013/06/25/wahhabism_expansion_in_russia_leads_to_growth_of_islamophobia_-_national_27468.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130823060520/http://rbth.ru/news/2013/06/25/wahhabism_expansion_in_russia_leads_to_growth_of_islamophobia_-_national_27468.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=23 August 2013|title=Wahhabism expansion in Russia leads to growth of Islamophobia – National Anti-Terrorist Committee|date=25 June 2013|newspaper=Rossiyskaya Gazeta}}</ref>

Various translations of the Qur'an have been banned by the Russian government for promoting extremism and [[Supremacism#Islamic|Muslim supremacy]].<ref name="guardian131008">{{cite news |author=Kalder |first=Daniel |date=8 October 2013 |title=Russian court bans Qur'an translation |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2013/oct/08/russian-court-bans-quran-translation |newspaper=The Guardian}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{cite news|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/Books/chapter-and-verse/2013/1009/Russia-blacklists-translation-of-the-Quran|title=Russia blacklists translation of the Quran|date=9 Oct 2013|newspaper=Christian Science Monitor|author=Husna Haq}}</ref> Akhmed Yarlikapov, an expert on Islam, said the Bible too could be banned just as easily for identical motives.<ref name=":4">{{cite news|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/Books/chapter-and-verse/2013/1009/Russia-blacklists-translation-of-the-Quran|title=Russia blacklists translation of the Quran|date=9 Oct 2013|newspaper=Christian Science Monitor|author=Husna Haq}}</ref>

Anti-Muslim rhetoric is on the rise in Georgia.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/news/europe/21587829-georgia-appears-have-moved-backwards-under-bidzina-ivanishvili-no-change-better|title=No change for the better: Georgia appears to have moved backwards under Bidzina Ivanishvili|date=12 Oct 2013|newspaper=The Economist}}</ref> In Greece, Islamophobia accompanies anti-immigrant sentiment, as immigrants are now 15% of the country's population and 90% of the EU's illegal entries are through Greece.<ref name="gm110103">{{cite news|title=Rising tide of Islamophobia engulfs Athens|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/rising-tide-of-islamophobia-engulfs-athens/article560119/|date=3 Jan 2011|newspaper=Globe and Mail|location=Toronto}}</ref> In France Islamophobia is tied, in part, to the nation's long-standing tradition of secularism.<ref name="local130215">{{cite news|url=http://www.thelocal.fr/20130215/islamophobia-has-become-trivialised-in-france|title=Islamophobia has been trivialized in France|date=15 February 2013|newspaper=The Local|author=Ben McPartland}}</ref> With the popularization of the Bulgarian nationalist party [[Attack (political party)|ATAKA]], Islamophobia in Bulgaria also showed an increase. The party itself participated in the 2011 [[Banya Bashi Mosque clashes]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Сблъсъци пред джамията "Баня баши" в София - Портал ЕВРОПА |url=http://old.europe.bg/htmls/page.php?category=5&id=36063 |access-date=2023-12-30 |website=old.europe.bg}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Penchev |first=Pencho |title=The opportunistic national-populism of the Bulgarian political party Ataka in a historical perspective |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/278675533 |journal=L'Europe a Contre-Pied: Ideologie Populiste et Extremisme de Droite en Europe Centrale et Orientale |pages=75–89}}</ref>

====Anti-Muslim sentiment elsewhere====
[[File:Rohingya displaced Muslims 010.jpg|thumb|250px|left|[[Rohingya people|Rohingya Muslim]] refugees fleeing violence in Buddhist-majority [[Myanmar]] in October 2017]]
A report from Australia has found that "except for Anglicans, all Christian groups have Islamophobia scores higher than the national average" and that "among the followers of non-Christian religious affiliations, [[Buddhists]] and [[Hindus]] [also] have significantly higher Islamophobia scores."<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.unisa.edu.au/Global/EASS/MnM/Publications/Islamophobia_report.pdf |title=Islamophobia, social distance and fear of terrorism in Australia: a preliminary report |access-date=28 July 2023 |archive-date=4 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181004072601/http://www.unisa.edu.au/Global/EASS/MnM/Publications/Islamophobia_report.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Following the [[2015 San Bernardino attack|San Bernardino attack]] in 2015, [[Donald Trump]], then a candidate for President, proposed "a total and complete shutdown of Muslims entering the United States, until we can figure out what the hell is going on".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-12-08 |title=Donald Trump: ban all Muslims entering US |url=http://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/dec/07/donald-trump-ban-all-muslims-entering-us-san-bernardino-shooting |access-date=2022-09-25 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> Throughout the campaign, Trump repeatedly described Islam and Muslim immigrants and refugees as a threat to the [[Western world|West]], and condemned then-current President [[Barack Obama]] for not referring to [[Islamic State]] militants as "Islamic terrorists" or "radical Muslims", accusing Obama of cowardice in the face of radical Islam and claiming that Obama had "founded ISIS" through his foreign policy.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Obama lashes out at Trump, says using the phrase 'radical Islam' is 'not a strategy' |language=en-US |newspaper=Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2016/06/14/obama-lashes-out-on-loose-talk-on-terrorism-islam/ |access-date=2022-09-25 |issn=0190-8286}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Donald Trump: President Barack Obama 'Is the Founder of ISIS' |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/donald-trump-president-barack-obama-founder-isis/story?id=41286869 |access-date=2022-09-25 |website=ABC News |language=en}}</ref> Trump's rhetoric was condemned by his opponent, [[Hillary Clinton]], as well as numerous Muslim advocacy groups and activists, and became a focal issue in the [[2016 United States presidential election]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Spangler |first=Todd |title=Clinton, Trump spar over Islamophobia, Syrian refugees |url=https://www.freep.com/story/news/politics/2016/10/09/clinton-trump-spar-over-islamophobia-syrian-refugees/91835278/ |access-date=2022-09-25 |website=Detroit Free Press |language=en-US}}</ref>

In 2016, the [[South Thailand insurgency|South Thailand Insurgency]], having caused more than 6,500 deaths and purportedly fuelled in part by the Thai military's harsh tactics,<ref>{{cite web|last=Joshua Kurlantzick|date=October 20, 2016|title=A New Approach to Thailand's Insurgency|url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/new-approach-thailands-insurgency|access-date=2021-09-14|website=[[Council on Foreign Relations]]|language=en}}</ref> was reported to be increasing Islamophobia in the country.<ref>{{Citation|last=Andre|first=Virginie|title=Thai Cyber-Actors: Evidence of an Islamophobic Effect|date=2016|work=Fear of Muslims? International Perspectives on Islamophobia|pages=111–130|series=Boundaries of Religious Freedom: Regulating Religion in Diverse Societies|publication-place=[[Deakin University]]|publisher=[[Springer International Publishing]]|language=en|doi=10.1007/978-3-319-29698-2_8|isbn=978-3-319-29698-2}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=May 2016|title=Islamophobia on the rise in Thailand's North|url=https://kbr.id/english/05-2016/islamophobia_on_the_rise_in_thailand_s_north/81308.html|access-date=2021-09-14|website=[[KBR (news agency)]]}}</ref> The [[Mindanao Conflict|Mindanao conflict]] in the Philippines has also fuelled discrimination against Muslims by some Christian Filipinos.<ref>{{cite web|last=Amina Rasul|date=2007|title=Radicalisation of Muslims in the Philippines|url=https://www.kas.de/documents/252038/253252/7_dokument_dok_pdf_12802_1.pdf/5ae94b8d-f7f3-4e5a-6102-6867dbb7795e?version=1.0&t=1539663806495|website=[[Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Zempi|first1=Irene|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LceHDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT516|title=The Routledge International Handbook of Islamophobia|last2=Awan|first2=Imran|date=2019-02-11|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1-351-13553-5|location=United Kingdom|page=516|language=en}}</ref>

The [[2018 anti-Muslim riots in Sri Lanka]] was suggested to have been a possible trigger for the [[2019 Sri Lanka Easter bombings|2019 Easter bombings]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Srinivasan|first=Meera|date=2019-04-27|title=Sri Lanka Easter blasts: 'Anti-Muslim riots a possible trigger'|language=en-IN|work=[[The Hindu]]|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/sri-lanka-easter-blasts-anti-muslim-riots-a-possible-trigger/article26960071.ece|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Muslims in the country have reportedly faced increased harassment after the bombings, with some [[Sinhala Buddhist nationalism|Sinhala Buddhist]] groups calling for boycotts of Muslim businesses and trade.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Kadirgamar|first=Niyanthini|date=2019-08-01|title=The perils of being a woman and a Muslim in Sri Lanka|language=en-IN|work=[[The Hindu]]|url=https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/the-perils-of-being-a-woman-and-a-muslim/article28775384.ece|access-date=2021-09-14|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

In July 2019, the UN ambassadors from 22 nations, including Canada, Germany and France, signed a joint letter to the [[United Nations Human Rights Council|UNHRC]] condemning China's mistreatment of the [[Uyghurs]] as well as its mistreatment of other [[Islam in China|Muslim]] minority groups, urging the Chinese government to close the [[Xinjiang internment camps]],<ref>{{cite web |title=More than 20 ambassadors condemn China's treatment of Uighurs in Xinjiang |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jul/11/more-than-20-ambassadors-condemn-chinas-treatment-of-uighurs-in-xinjiang |work=The Guardian|date=11 July 2019}}</ref> though ambassadors from 53 others, not including China, rejected said allegations.<ref>{{cite web|date=29 October 2019|title=Joint Statement on Xinjiang at Third Committee|url=http://statements.unmeetings.org/media2/23328878/belarus-joint-statement-cerd-chair-oct-29.pdf|access-date=13 August 2020|website=unmeetings.org|archive-date=11 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211011191511/http://statements.unmeetings.org/media2/23328878/belarus-joint-statement-cerd-chair-oct-29.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> According to a 2020 report by the [[Australian Strategic Policy Institute]], since 2017, Chinese authorities have destroyed or damaged 16,000 mosques in Xinjiang – 65% of the region's total.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Davidson|first=Helen|date=2020-09-25|title=Thousands of Xinjiang mosques destroyed or damaged, report finds|language=en-GB|work=[[The Guardian]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/sep/25/thousands-of-xinjiang-mosques-destroyed-damaged-china-report-finds|access-date=2020-09-26|issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Skopeliti|first=Clea|date=25 September 2020|title=China: Nearly two-thirds of Xinjiang mosques damaged or demolished, new report shows|work=[[The Independent]]|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/xinjiang-mosques-destroyed-damaged-china-uighurs-b597919.html|access-date=26 September 2020}}</ref>

Emigrants from nearly every predominantly Muslim country have immigrated to Canada.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census01/home/index.cfm|title=Census of Canada: Census of Population, Census of Agriculture|access-date=12 June 2023|archive-date=27 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227125053/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/english/census01/home/index.cfm|url-status=dead}}</ref> According to a 2013 poll, 54% of Canadians had an unfavourable view of Islam, which was higher than for any other religion (Hinduism, Sikhism etc.).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.angusreidglobal.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Canadians-view-non-Christian-religions-with-uncertainty-dislike.pdf|title=Canadian Public Opinion Poll|date=2 October 2013|website=angusreidglobal.com|access-date=10 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304042415/http://angusreidglobal.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Canadians-view-non-Christian-religions-with-uncertainty-dislike.pdf|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The [[2020 Delhi riots]], which left more than 50 dead and hundreds injured,<ref>{{cite news |title=Delhi riots: Violence that killed 53 in Indian capital 'was anti-Muslim pogrom', says top expert |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/independentpremium/world/delhi-riots-pogrom-violence-deaths-modi-bjp-india-police-a9384891.html |work=The Independent |date=7 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=For Jews, the New Delhi riots have a painfully familiar ring |url=https://blogs.timesofisrael.com/for-jews-the-new-delhi-riots-have-a-painfully-familiar-ring/ |work=The Times of Israel |date=11 March 2020}}</ref> were triggered by protests against a [[Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019|citizenship law]] seen by many critics as anti-Muslim and part of Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]]'s [[Hindu nationalist]] agenda.<ref>{{cite news |title=Anti-Muslim violence in Delhi serves Modi well |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/feb/26/violence-delhi-modi-project-bjp-citizenship-law |work=The Guardian |date=26 February 2020}}</ref> In [[Myanmar]] the [[969 Movement]] has been accused of events such as the [[2012 Rakhine State riots]].