Editing Interoperability (section)

==Organizations dedicated to interoperability==
Many organizations are dedicated to interoperability. Some concentrate on eGovernment, eBusiness or data exchange in general.

===Global===
Internationally, [[Network Centric Operations Industry Consortium]] facilitates global interoperability across borders, language and technical barriers. In the built environment, the International Alliance for Interoperability started in 1994, and was renamed [[buildingSMART]] in 2005.<ref name="Eastman">Eastman, Charles M., and Eastman, Chuck (2008) ''BIM handbook: a guide to building information modeling for owners, managers, designers, engineers, and contractors'' John Wiley & Sons, pp.72-73.</ref>

===Europe===
In Europe, the European Commission and its [[IDABC]] program issue the [[European Interoperability Framework]]. IDABC was succeeded by the [[Interoperability Solutions for European Public Administrations]] (ISA) program. They also initiated the [[Semantic Interoperability Centre Europe]] (SEMIC.EU). A European Land Information Service (EULIS)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.eulis.org/index.html |title=European Land Information Service |access-date=2008-10-19 |archive-date=2008-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080331053219/http://www.eulis.org/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> was established in 2006, as a consortium of European National Land Registers. The aim of the service is to establish a single portal through which customers are provided with access to information about individual properties, about land and property registration services, and about the associated legal environment.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eulis.org/aims.html|title=Welcome - EULIS|first=Erskine|last=Design|access-date=12 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160917042036/http://eulis.org/aims.html|archive-date=17 September 2016|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

The European Interoperability Framework (EIF) considered four kinds of interoperability: legal interoperability,  organizational interoperability, semantic interoperability, and technical interoperability.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://joinup.ec.europa.eu/collection/nifo-national-interoperability-framework-observatory/european-interoperability-framework-detail|title=European Interoperability Framework (EIF)}}</ref>

In the European Research Cluster on the Internet of Things (IERC) and IoT Semantic Interoperability Best Practices; four kinds of interoperability are distinguished: syntactical interoperability, technical interoperability, semantic interoperability, and organizational interoperability.<ref>{{citation |url=https://www.internet-of-things-research.eu/pdf/IERC_Position_Paper_IoT_Semantic_Interoperability_Final.pdf |title=IoT Semantic Interoperability: Research Challenges, Best Practices, Recommendations and Next Steps |publisher=European Research Cluster on the Internet of Things |date=March 2015}}</ref>

===US===
In the United States, the [[General Services Administration]] Component Organization and Registration Environment (CORE.GOV) initiative provided a collaboration environment for component development, sharing, registration, and reuse in the early 2000s.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Morris |first1=KC |last2=Kulvatunyou |first2=Serm |last3=Frechette |first3=Simon |last4=Lubell |first4=Josh |last5=Goyal |first5=Puja |title=XML Schema Validation Process for CORE.GOV |journal=Manufacturing Systems Integration Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology |date=December 2004 |access-date=13 June 2023|url=https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/Legacy/IR/nistir7187.pdf}}</ref> A related initiative is the ongoing National Information Exchange Model (NIEM) work and component repository.<ref>[http://www.NIEM.gov NIEMOpen]</ref> The [[National Institute of Standards and Technology]] serves as an agency for measurement standards.